2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-N0826
    Corynoline
    		Inducer 98.84%
    Corynoline is an orally active acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor with an IC50 of 30.6 μM. Corynoline exhibits multiple activities including anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, antitumor and analgesic effects. Corynoline can be used in the research of diseases such as tumors and inflammatory pain.
    Corynoline
  • HY-125588
    Chromium picolinate
    		Inducer 99.76%
    Chromium picolinate (Chromium (III) picolinate) is a compound that has oral activity. Chromium picolinate induces apoptosis. Chromium picolinate is the activator of p38 MAPK. Chromium picolinate has antioxidant activity. Chromium picolinate can be used in research on type 2 diabetes.
    Chromium picolinate
  • HY-103454B
    MPP hydrochloride
    		Inducer 99.25%
    MPP hydrochloride is a potent and selective ER (estrogen receptor) modulator. MPP hydrochloride induces significant apoptosis in the endometrial cancer and oLE cell lines. MPP hydrochloride reverses the the positive effects of beta-estradiol. MPP hydrochloride has mixed agonist/antagonist action on murine uterine ERalpha in vivo.
    MPP hydrochloride
  • HY-B0656
    Rabeprazole
    		Inducer 99.14%
    Rabeprazole (LY307640) is a second-generation proton pump inhibitor (PPI) that irreversibly inactivates gastric H+/K+-ATPase. Rabeprazole induces apoptosis. Rabeprazole acts as an uridine nucleoside ribohydrolase (UNH) inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.3 μM. Rabeprazole can be used for the research of gastric ulcerations and gastroesophageal reflux.
    Rabeprazole
  • HY-123604
    TH1834
    		Inducer 99.79%
    TH1834 is a specific Tip60 (KAT5) histone acetyltransferase (HAT) inhibitor. TH1834 induces apoptosis and increases DNA damage in breast cancer. TH1834 does not affect the activity of related histone acetyltransferase MOF. Anticancer activity.
    TH1834
  • HY-50706A
    Selumetinib sulfate
    		Inducer 99.58%
    Selumetinib (AZD6244) sulfate is selective, non-ATP-competitive oral MEK1/2 inhibitor, with an IC50 of 14 nM for MEK1. Selumetinib (AZD6244) sulfate inhibits ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Selumetinib sulfate can penetrate the blood brain barrier (BBB).
    Selumetinib sulfate
  • HY-10517
    Orantinib
    		Inducer 99.29%
    Orantinib (SU6668; TSU-68) is a multi-targeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor with Kis of 2.1 μM, 8 nM and 1.2 μM for Flt-1, PDGFRβ and FGFR1, respectively.
    Orantinib
  • HY-10535
    Evofosfamide
    		Inducer 98.0%
    Evofosfamide (TH-302) is a hypoxia-activated proagent with IC50 of 10 μM and 1000 μM in hypoxia (N2) and normoxia (21% O2), respectively.
    Evofosfamide
  • HY-12542A
    Dantrolene sodium hemiheptahydrate
    		Inhibitor 99.79%
    Dantrolene sodium hemiheptahydrate is an orally active, non-competitive glutathione reductase inhibitor with a Ki of 111.6 μM and an IC50 of 52.3 μM. Dantrolene sodium hemiheptahydrate is also a calcium channel protein inhibitor. Dantrolene sodium hemiheptahydrate inhibits the release of Ca2+ from RyR1 and RyR3, which can be beneficial in a variety of pathologies caused by disruptions in calcium homeostasis (e.g., stroke, ischemia/reperfusion injury, and neurodegenerative diseases). Dantrolene sodium hemiheptahydrate offers relief of muscle spasms, malignant hyperthermia, and antitoxic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory properties.
    Dantrolene sodium hemiheptahydrate
  • HY-13203
    NVP-TAE 226
    		Inducer 99.77%
    NVP-TAE 226 (TAE226) is a potent and ATP-competitive dual FAK and IGF-1R inhibitor with IC50s of 5.5 nM and 140 nM, respectively. NVP-TAE 226 (TAE226) also effectively inhibits Pyk2 and insulin receptor (InsR) with IC50s of 3.5 nM and 44 nM, respectively.
    NVP-TAE 226
  • HY-10252
    NVP-ADW742
    		Inducer 99.30%
    NVP-ADW742 (ADW742) is an orally active, selective IGF-1R tyrosine kinase inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.17 μM. NVP-ADW742 inhibits insulin receptor (InsR) with an IC50 of 2.8 μM. NVP-ADW742 induces pleiotropic antiproliferative/proapoptotic biologic sequelae in tumor cells.
    NVP-ADW742
  • HY-13809
    BMS-833923
    		Inducer 99.82%
    BMS-833923 (XL-139) is an orally biocompatible Smoothened (Smo) inhibitor with anti-tumor activity. It can inhibit the binding of BODIPY cyclopamine to SMO in a dose-dependent manner with an IC50 of 21 nM.
    BMS-833923
  • HY-107794
    Clodronate disodium tetrahydrate
    		Inducer 99.86%
    Clodronate disodium tetrahydrate (Disodium clodronate tetrahydrate) is first-generation bisphosphonate, with anti-osteoporotic, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. Clodronate disodium tetrahydrate is a selective, potent, reversible and Cl- competitive vesicular nucleotide transporter (VNUT) inhibitor, with an IC50 of 15.6 nM. Clodronate disodium tetrahydrate inhibits vesicular ATP release from neurons and reduces chronic neuropathic and inflammatory pain.
    Clodronate disodium tetrahydrate
  • HY-137978A
    Ezurpimtrostat hydrochloride
    		Inducer 99.26%
    Ezurpimtrostat hydrochloride (GNS561 hydrochloride) is an orally active PPT1 inhibitor, autophagy inhibitor, immunomodulator, anti-inflammatory agent, and anticancer agent. Ezurpimtrostat hydrochloride inhibits PPT1, dysregulates lysosomal function, redistributes mTOR, and induces apoptosis. Ezurpimtrostat hydrochloride reduces IFN‑α, CRP, immune complex deposition, and SARS‑CoV‑2 viral load. Ezurpimtrostat hydrochloride can be used for the study of systemic lupus erythematosus, SARS‑CoV‑2, hepatocellular carcinoma, fibrosis, and related disorders.
    Ezurpimtrostat hydrochloride
  • HY-145015
    Tuspetinib
    		Inducer 99.69%
    Tuspetinib (HM43239) is an orally active and selective FLT3 inhibitor with IC50s of 1.1 nM, 1.8 nM and 1.0 nM for FLT3 WT, FLT3 internal tandem duplication (ITD) and FLT3 D835Y kinases, respectively. Tuspetinib inhibits the kinase activity of FLT3 as a reversible type I inhibitor and modulates p-STAT5, p-ERK, SYK, JAK1/2, and TAK1. Tuspetinib inhibits the proliferation and induces the apoptosis of leukemic cells.
    Tuspetinib
  • HY-15815
    Bromosporine
    		Inducer 99.89%
    Bromosporine, a chemical probe, is a potent BET inhibitor with an IC50 value of 2.1 μM for PCAF. Bromosporine can arrest cell cycle and induce apoptosis in cancer cells. Bromosporine exhibits excellent antitumor activity in xenograft mice model when combined with 5-Fluorouracil (HY-90006). Bromosporine can increase CDK9 T-loop phosphorylation in HIV-1 latency models, resulting the protection of reactivate HIV-1 replication from latency. Bromosporine can be used to research colorectal cancer, acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and AIDS.
    Bromosporine
  • HY-128588
    STAT3-IN-3
    		Activator 98.40%
    STAT3-IN-3 is a potent and selective inhibitor of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), with anti-proliferative activity. STAT3-IN-3 induces apoptosis in breast cancer cells. STAT3-IN-3 acts as a promising mitochondria-targeting STAT3 inhibitor for cancer research.
    STAT3-IN-3
  • HY-114989
    Fluorizoline
    		Inducer 99.77%
    Fluorizoline selectively and directly binds to prohibitin 1 (PHB1) and 2 (PHB2), and induces apoptosis. Fluorizoline reduces chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cell viability through the upregulation of NOXA and BIM. Fluorizoline exerts antitumor action in a p53-independent manner.
    Fluorizoline
  • HY-12294A
    PEAQX tetrasodium hydrate
    		Inducer 99.72%
    PEAQX tetrasodium hydrate (NVP-AAM077 tetrasodium hydrate) is a tetrasodium hydrate of PEAQX (HY-12294). PEAQX tetrasodium hydrate is an orally active and selective NMDA antagonist, with IC50 values of 270 nM and 29.6 μM for hNMDAR 1A/2A and hNMDAR 1A/2B, respectively. PEAQX tetrasodium hydrate can promote the activation of caspase-3 and induce cell apoptosis in cortical striatal slice cultures.
    PEAQX tetrasodium hydrate
  • HY-19667A
    BMS-561392 formate
    		Inducer 99.13%
    BMS-561392 formate (DPC 333 formate) is a selective ADAM17(TACE) inhibitor. BMS-561392 formate inhibits TNF-α secretion by regulating signaling pathways such as p44 MAPK and NF-κB. BMS-561392 formate also affects the survival of central nervous system-related cells including oligodendrocytes and microglia. BMS-561392 formate promotes microglial apoptosis, enlarges the injury area and exacerbates astrogliosis in a mouse spinal cord injury model. BMS-561392 formate can be used in research related to spinal cord injury and inflammatory diseases.
    BMS-561392 formate
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity