COX
Cyclooxygenase
Cyclooxygenase (COX), officially known as prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (PTGS), is an enzyme that is responsible for formation of important biological mediators called prostanoids, including prostaglandins, prostacyclin and thromboxane. Pharmacological inhibition of COX can provide relief from the symptoms of inflammation and pain. Drugs, like Aspirin, that inhibit cyclooxygenase activity have been available to the public for about 100 years. Two cyclooxygenase isoforms have been identified and are referred to as COX-1 and COX-2. Under many circumstances the COX-1 enzyme is produced constitutively (i.e., gastric mucosa) whereas COX-2 is inducible (i.e., sites of inflammation). Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), such as aspirin and ibuprofen, exert their effects through inhibition of COX. The main COX inhibitors are the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
COX Isoform Specific Products
All Product Categories
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COX Related Products (1315)
Related Products (1315)
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Antibodies (6)
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COX Isoform Comparison
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(-)-Epicatechin (Standard)
0 ImagesSynonyms: (-)-Epicatechol(Standard); Epicatechin(Standard); epi-Catechin (Standard)(-)-Epicatechin (Standard) is the analytical standard of (-)-Epicatechin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. (-)-Epicatechin inhibits cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) with an IC50 of 3.2 μM. (-)-Epicatechin inhibits the IL-1β-induced expression of iNOS by blocking the nuclear localization of the p65 subunit of NF-κB.
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Bromfenac sodium hydrate
0 ImagesSynonyms: Bromfenac monosodium salt sesquihydrate
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Phenidone
0 ImagesPhenidone, an orally active dual inhibitor of cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase (LOX), ameliorates rat paralysis in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Phenidone is a potent hypotensive agent in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. Phenidone is used as a photographic developer.
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(S)-Ketorolac
0 ImagesSynonyms: (-)-Ketorolac(S)-Ketorolac is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent. (S)-ketorolac exhibits potent COX1 and COX2 enzyme inhibition.
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Recoflavone
0 ImagesSynonyms: DA-6034 free acidRecoflavone (DA-6034 (free acid)), a synthetic derivative of the flavonoid Eupatilin (HY-N0783), is orally active. Recoflavone can inhibit the NF-κB pathway and induce [Ca(2+)]i increase in epithelial cells. Recoflavone exhibits activities such as anti-inflammation, anti-tumor effects, protection of gastric and intestinal mucosa, and promotion of secretion in the ocular surface and salivary glands. Recoflavone can be used for the research of diseases such as dry eye, gastric injury, and intestinal injury.
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Δ5-Avenasterol
0 ImagesΔ5-Avenasterol is an antioxidant that targets cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and exists in tomato seed oil, oat grain oil, and wheat germ oil. Δ5-Avenasterol binds to the active site of COX-2, thereby blocking the conversion of arachidonic acid to inflammatory prostaglandins. Δ5-Avenasterol exerts antioxidant activity via the ethylene group at positions 24 and 28 of its side chain.
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Diclofenac Sodium (Standard)
0 ImagesSynonyms: GP 45840 (Standard)Diclofenac (Sodium) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Diclofenac (Sodium). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Diclofenac Sodium (GP 45840) is a potent and nonselective anti-inflammatory agent, acts as a COX inhibitor, with IC50s of 4 and 1.3 nM for human COX-1 and COX-2 in CHO cells, and 5.1 and 0.84 μM for ovine COX-1 and COX-2, respectively. Diclofenac Sodium induces apoptosis of neural stem cells (NSCs) via the activation of the caspase cascade.
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Gomisin D
0 ImagesGomisin D is an orally active lignan that binds to PDGFRβ with a Kd of 10 μM. By targeting PDGFRβ to regulate signaling pathways, Gomisin D inhibits the activation and proliferation of hepatic stellate cells and promotes their apoptosis, thereby ameliorating hepatic fibrosis. Gomisin D exhibits multiple activities such as photoprotection, antimelanogenesis, antioxidant effects, and hypoglycemic activity. Gomisin D can be used in studies related to diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, and hepatic fibrosis.
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NB-598 Maleate
0 ImagesNB-598 Maleate is a potent and competitive inhibitor of squalene epoxidase (SE), and suppresses triglyceride biosynthesis through the farnesol pathway. NB-598 (Maleate) is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
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Saponarin
0 ImagesSaponarin is an orally active flavonoid compound. Saponarin can be isolated from Gypsophila trichotoma. Saponarin inhibits ERK/p38, NF-κB and MAPK phosphorylation and activates AMPK. Saponarin reduces IL-1β and COX-2. Saponarin has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, hypoglycemic and hypotensive effects. Saponarin improves sleep disorders.
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5-Methylfurfural
0 Images5-Methylfurfural is a chemical that can be utilized as food additive, intermediate in the production of agrochemicals, and precursor of certain anti-cancer natural products. 5-Methylfurfural is formed during the photoexposition of ranitidine hydrochloride. 5-Methylfurfural is an organic compound. 5-Methylfurfural has a strong tendency to be further hydrogenated to 2,5-dimethylfuran (DMF). 5-Methylfurfural can predominantly evoke skin inflammation and barrier disintegration. 5-Methylfurfural degrades native DNA through the formation of single-strand breaks.
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α-Spinasterol
0 Imagesα-Spinasterol is an orally taken antagonist of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 ( TRPV1), and it's also an inhibitor of COX-1 and COX-2, with IC50 values of 16.17 μM and 7.76 μM, respectively. α-Spinasterol exhibits antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antidepressant, and antioxidant effects, has the ability to cross the blood-brain barrier, and can improve diabetes in mice.
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Macranthoidin B
0 ImagesSynonyms: Macranthoiside IMacranthoidin B (Macranthoiside I) is an orally active triterpene saponin. Macranthoidin B inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition in endometriosis via the COX‑2/PGE2 pathway, and also induces tumor cell apoptosis and inhibits their proliferation by regulating metabolism and increasing ROS levels. Macranthoidin B can be used in studies related to endometriosis, colorectal cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Byakangelicol
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-N0074CAS No.: 26091-79-2Byakangelicol, isolated from Angelica dahurica, inhibits interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) -induced prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) release in A549 cells mediated by suppression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression and the activity of COX-2 enzyme. Byakangelicol has therapeutic potential as an anti-inflammatory agent on airway inflammation.
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Sodium thiosulfate (98%)
0 ImagesSodium thiosulfate (Sodium hyposulfite) is an antioxidant. Sodium thiosulfate inhibits the expression of p-GSK-3β and β-catenin proteins, reduces IL-1β, COX-2, and Iba-1, and inhibits NFκB activation. Sodium thiosulfate promotes angiogenesis, inhibits inflammation, and improves acute lung injury. Sodium thiosulfate also exhibits anti-cancer activity against melanoma. Sodium thiosulfate also exerts renal protective effects. Sodium thiosulfate can be used in the research of osteoarthritis, brain inflammation, cancer (such as breast cancer, melanoma), and kidney disease.
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Diclofenac acyl glucuronide
0 ImagesSynonyms: D-1-O-GDiclofenac acyl glucuronide (D-1-O-G) is an orally active glucuronide metabolite of Diclofenac (HY-15036). Diclofenac acyl glucuronide exhibits SOD inhibitory activity, COX-1 inhibitory activity (IC50 = 0.620 μM), and COX-2 inhibitory activity (IC50 = 2.91 μM). Diclofenac acyl glucuronide induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and acts as a substrate of OATP2B1. Diclofenac acyl glucuronide induces small intestinal ulcers. Diclofenac acyl glucuronide can be used in research related to intestinal diseases and small intestinal ulcers.
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2,4-Dinitrobenzenesulfonic acid sodium salt
0 ImagesSynonyms: Sodium 2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonate; DNBS sodium salt; DNBSO sodium salt2,4-Dinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (DNBS; DNBSO) sodium salt (Sodium 2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonate) is a classic colitis inducer that relies on activation of the NF-κB p65/COX-2/p38 pathway. As a hapten, 2,4-Dinitrobenzenesulfonic acid sodium salt stimulates the production of immune responses in colonic tissues, triggers oxidative stress and inflammatory reactions, and thereby leads to colonic injury. 2,4-Dinitrobenzenesulfonic acid sodium salt successfully induces models of colitis and ulcerative colitis in rats, causing pathological changes such as ulcers, edema, stenosis, shortening and organ adhesion in the distal colon, along with significant increases in the levels of inflammatory indicators and endoplasmic reticulum stress marker proteins. 2,4-Dinitrobenzenesulfonic acid sodium salt is widely used in studies on the mechanisms related to colitis and ulcerative colitis.
