2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Cell Cycle/DNA Damage
    Epigenetics
  4. HDAC

HDAC

Histone deacetylases

HDAC

Related Products

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HDAC (Histone deacetylases) are a class of enzymes that remove acetyl groups (O=C-CH3) from an ε-N-acetyl lysine amino acid on ahistone, allowing the histones to wrap the DNA more tightly. This is important because DNA is wrapped around histones, and DNA expression is regulated by acetylation and de-acetylation. Its action is opposite to that of histone acetyltransferase. HDAC proteins are now also called lysine deacetylases (KDAC), to describe their function rather than their target, which also includes non-histone proteins. Together with the acetylpolyamine amidohydrolases and the acetoin utilization proteins, the histone deacetylases form an ancient protein superfamily known as the histone deacetylase superfamily.

HDAC Isoform Specific Products:

HDAC Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-15149S2
    Romidepsin-d7
    		Inhibitor
    Romidepsin-d7 (FK 228-d7) is deuterium labeled Romidepsin. Romidepsin (FK 228) is a Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor with anti-tumor activities. Romidepsin (FK 228) inhibits HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC4, and HDAC6 with IC50s of 36 nM, 47 nM, 510 nM and 1.4 μM, respectively. Romidepsin (FK 228) is produced by Chromobacterium violaceum, induces cell G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis.
    Romidepsin-d<sub>7</sub>
  • HY-108701R
    Nampt-IN-3 (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Nampt-IN-3 (Standard) is the analytical standard of Nampt-IN-3 (HY-108701). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Nampt-IN-3 (Compound 35) simultaneously inhibit nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) and HDAC with IC50s of 31 nM and 55 nM, respectively. Nampt-IN-3 effectively induces cell apoptosis and autophagy and ultimately leads to cell death.
    Nampt-IN-3 (Standard)
  • HY-100748R
    Zabadinostat (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Zabadinostat (Standard) is the analytical standard of Zabadinostat (HY-100748). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Zabadinostat (CXD101) is a potent, selective and orally active class I HDAC inhibitor with IC50s of 63 nM, 570 nM and 550 nM for HDAC1, HDAC2 and HDAC3, respectively. Zabadinostat has no activity against HDAC class II. Zabadinostat has antitumor activity.
    Zabadinostat (Standard)
  • HY-117583A
    BG47
    		Inhibitor
    BG47 is a prototypical histone deacetylases HDAC1 and HDAC2 selective, optoepigenetic probe. BG47 can bind to and competitively inhibits the deacetylase activity of HDAC targets upon a light-induced trans-to-cis isomerization, and increases Histone Methyltransferase H3K9 acetylation. BG47 can be used for neurological disease research.
    BG47
  • HY-121315
    BRD4097
    		Inhibitor
    BRD4097 is an inhibitor of histone deacetylase (HDAC). BRD4097 acts by inhibiting the activity of HDACs, especially HDAC 1,2 and 3, through metal chelation and spatial rejection mechanisms, and this inhibition may help regulate gene expression and alter chromatin structure, thereby affecting a variety of biological processes. BRD4097 is used to study the role of HDAC in cholesterol metabolism and NPC1 diseases.
    BRD4097
  • HY-50934R
    Tacedinaline (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Tacedinaline (Standard) is the analytical standard of Tacedinaline. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Tacedinaline (N-acetyldinaline) is an inhibitor of the histone deacetylase (HDAC) with IC50s of 0.9, 0.9, 1.2 μM for recombinant HDAC 1, 2 and 3 respectively.
    Tacedinaline (Standard)
  • HY-168176
    HDAC8 ligand 1
    		Inhibitor
    HDAC8 ligand 1 is a PROTAC target protein-ligand of PROTAC HDAC8 Degrader-2 (HY-168174).
    HDAC8 ligand 1
  • HY-124559
    (Rac)-Nanatinostat
    		Inhibitor
    (Rac)-Nanatinostat ((Rac)-CHR-3996, example 44) is a potent HDAC inhibitor with an IC50 of <330 nM. (Rac)-Nanatinostat has anticancer effects and can effectively inhibit the cell growth of HeLa, U937 and HUT cells.
    (Rac)-Nanatinostat
  • HY-13428R
    Tubacin (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Tubacin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Tubacin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Tubacin is a potent and selective inhibitor of HDAC6, with an IC50 value of 4 nM and approximately 350-fold selectivity over HDAC1. Tubacin also inhibits metallo-β-lactamase domain-containing protein 2 (MBLAC2).
    Tubacin (Standard)
  • HY-117136
    AN-7
    		Inhibitor
    AN-7 is an orally active histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor that induces histone hyperacetylation and differentiation in vitro and in vivo, and inhibits the proliferation of human prostate 22Rv1 cancer cells. AN-7 can increase the expression of the pro-apoptotic protein Bax, reduce the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, and promote apoptosis by activating caspase-3, and can be used in the study of prostate cancer.
    AN-7
  • HY-117394
    MD 85
    		Inhibitor 99.9%
    MD 85 is a potent histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor with an EC50 of 5 μM. MD 85 can be used for cancer research.
    MD 85
  • HY-109109R
    Alteminostat (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Alteminostat (Standard) is the analytical standard of Alteminostat (HY-109109). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Alteminostat (CKd-581) is a potent HDAC inhibitor. Alteminostat inhibits the class I-II HDAC family via histone H3 and tubulin acetylation. Alteminostat can be used for lymphoma and multiple myeloma research.
    Alteminostat (Standard)
  • HY-120106
    BG14
    		Inhibitor
    BG14 is a chemical optical modulation of epigenetic regulation of transcription (COMET) probe. BG14 enables high-resolution optical control of epigenetic mechanisms using visible light and can photochromically inhibit human histone deacetylases (HDACs). BG14 can be used to study the dynamic regulation of the human genome.
    BG14
  • HY-119550
    J1075
    		Inhibitor
    J1075 is a selective Schistosoma mansoni HDAC8 inhibitor (with decreased affinity for human HDAC8). J1075 can induce apoptosis (Apoptosis) and death in schistosome cells. J1075 holds research value in the field of anti-parasitic agents.
    J1075
  • HY-19754
    CRA-026440
    		Inhibitor
    CRA-026440 is a potent, broad-spectrum HDAC inhibitor. The Ki values against recombinant HDAC isoenzymes HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3, HDAC6, HDAC8, and HDAC10 are 4, 14, 11, 15, 7, and 20 nM respectively. CRA-026440 shows antitumor and antiangiogenic activities. CRA-026440 is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
    CRA-026440
  • HY-155222
    TW9
    		Inhibitor
    TW9 is a potent dual inhibitor simultaneously targeting BET and HDAC proteins with KDs of 0.069 μM, 0.231 μM for BRD4(1), BRD4(2), and an IC50 of 0.29 μM for HDAC1, respectively. TW9 is a newly generated adduct of the BET inhibitor (+)-JQ1 (HY-13030) and class I HDAC inhibitor CI994 (HY-50934). TW9 shows high potency in suppressing tumor growth in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). TW9 improves the efficacy of the chemotherapeutic agent Gemcitabine (HY-17026).
    TW9
  • HY-132242R
    DL-Sulforaphane N-acetyl-L-cysteine (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Pipemidic acid (trihydrate) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Pipemidic acid (trihydrate). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Pipemidic acid trihydrate, a derivative of Piromidic acid, is an antibacterial agent. Pipemidic acid trihydrate inhibits DNA gyrase. Pipemidic acid trihydrate is active against gram-negative bacteria including Pseudomonas aeruginosa as well as some gram-positive bacteria. Pipemidic acid trihydrate can be used for the research of intestinal, urinary, and biliary tract infections.
    DL-Sulforaphane N-acetyl-L-cysteine (Standard)
  • HY-139795
    ZYJ-25e
    		Inhibitor
    ZYJ-25e is a potent histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) with IC50s of 0.047 μM and 0.139 μM for HDAC6 and HDAC8, respectively. ZYJ-25e is a tetrahydroisoquinoline-bearing hydroxamic acid analogue. ZYJ-25e shows marked antitumor potency in the MDA-MB231 xenograft model.
    ZYJ-25e
  • HY-13606R
    Dacinostat (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Dacinostat (Standard) is the analytical standard of Dacinostat. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Dacinostat is a potent HDAC inhibitor, with an IC50 of 32 nM; Dacinostat also inhibits HDAC1 with an IC50 of 9 nM, and used in cancer research.
    Dacinostat (Standard)
  • HY-10224AR
    Panobinostat lactate (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Panobinostat lactate (Standard) is the analytical standard of Panobinostat lactate (HY-10224A). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Panobinostat lactate is a potent and orally active non-selective HDAC inhibitor. Panobinostat lactate has antineoplastic activities. Panobinostat lactate effectively disrupts HIV latency. Panobinostat lactate induces cell apoptosis and autophagy. Panobinostat lactate can be used for the study of refractory or relapsed multiple myeloma.
    Panobinostat lactate (Standard)
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
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Download HDAC Signaling Pathway Map.

TCR, GPCR and HDAC II interaction: Diverse agonists act through G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) to activate the PKC-PKD axis, CaMK, Rho, or MHC binding to antigens stimulates TCR to activate PKD, leading to phosphorylation of class II HDACs. Phospho-HDACs dissociate from MEF2, bind 14-3-3, and are exported to the cytoplasm through a CRM1-dependent mechanism. CRM1 is inhibited by leptomycin B (LMB). Release of MEF2 from class II HDACs allows p300 to dock on MEF2 and stimulate gene expression. Dephosphorylation of class II HDACs in the cytoplasm enables reentry into the nucleus[1].

 

TLR: TLR signaling is initiated by ligand binding to receptors. The recruitment of TLR domain-containing adaptor protein MyD88 is repressed by HDAC6, whereas NF-κB and MTA-1 can be negatively regulated by HDAC1/2/3 and HDAC2, respectively. Acetylation by HATs enhance MKP-1 which inhibits p38-mediated inflammatory responses, while HDAC1/2/3 inhibits MKP-1 activity. HDAC1 and HDAC8 repress, whereas HDAC6 promotes, IRF function in response to viral challenge. HDAC11 inhibits IL-10 expression and HDAC1 and HDAC2 represses IFNγ-dependent activation of the CIITA transcription factor, thus affecting antigen presentation[2][3].

 

IRNAR: IFN-α/β induce activation of the type I IFN receptor and then bring the receptor-associated JAKs into proximity. JAK adds phosphates to the receptor. STATs bind to the phosphates and then phosphorylated by JAKs to form a dimer, leading to nuclear translocation and gene expression. HDACs positively regulate STATs and PZLF to promote antiviral responses and IFN-induced gene expression[2][3].

 

Cell cycle: In G1 phase, HDAC, Retinoblastoma protein (RB), E2F and polypeptide (DP) form a repressor complex. HDAC acts on surrounding chromatin, causing it to adopt a closed chromatin conformation, and transcription is repressed. Prior to the G1-S transition, phosphorylation of RB by CDKs dissociates the repressor complex. Transcription factors (TFs) gain access to their binding sites and, together with the now unmasked E2F activation domain. E2F is then free to activate transcription by contacting basal factors or by contacting histone acetyltransferases, such as CBP, that can alter chromatin structure[4].

 

The function of non-histone proteins is also regulated by HATs/HDACs. p53: HDAC1 impairs the function of p53. p53 is acetylated under conditions of stress or HDAC inhibition by its cofactor CREB binding protein (CBP) and the transcription of genes involved in differentiation is activated. HSP90: HSP90 is a chaperone that complexes with other chaperones, such as p23, to maintain correct conformational folding of its client proteins. HDAC6 deacetylates HSP90. Inhibition of HDAC6 would result in hyperacetylated HSP90, which would be unable to interact with its co-chaperones and properly lead to misfolded client proteins being targeted for degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome system[5][6].
 

Reference:

[1]. Vega RB, et al. Protein kinases C and D mediate agonist-dependent cardiac hypertrophy through nuclear export of histone deacetylase 5.Mol Cell Biol. 2004 Oct;24(19):8374-85.
[2]. Shakespear MR, et al. Histone deacetylases as regulators of inflammation and immunity. Trends Immunol. 2011 Jul;32(7):335-43.
[3]. Suliman BA, et al. HDACi: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications in the innate immune system.Immunol Cell Biol. 2012 Jan;90(1):23-32. 
[4]. Brehm A, et al. Retinoblastoma protein meets chromatin.Trends Biochem Sci. 1999 Apr;24(4):142-5.
[5]. Butler R, et al. Histone deacetylase inhibitors as therapeutics for polyglutamine disorders.Nat Rev Neurosci. 2006 Oct;7(10):784-96
[6]. Minucci S, et al. Histone deacetylase inhibitors and the promise of epigenetic (and more) treatments for cancer.Nat Rev Cancer. 2006 Jan;6(1):38-51.

HDAC Isoform Comparison

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