Endogenous Metabolite

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Endogenous metabolites refer to the collective set of small-molecule chemical substances present within organelles, cells, organs, biological fluids, or entire organisms; their molecular weights are typically less than 1500 Da. These endogenous metabolites—including lipids, amino acids, short peptides, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, alcohols, and organic acids—not only participate in signal transduction governing genomic function but also receive upstream signals from the environment, thereby bridging the interrelationships among genotype, environment, and phenotype. Based on their biological functions, microbial endogenous metabolites can be broadly classified into two categories: primary metabolites and secondary metabolites. Primary metabolites are the core molecules essential for supporting microbial growth and proliferation; they serve to provide energy to the microbes or act as precursors and cofactors for the synthesis of biological macromolecules. In contrast, microbial secondary metabolites are a class of low-molecular-weight products that are not strictly essential for microbial growth. Nevertheless, microbial secondary metabolites include numerous substances—such as antibiotics, anti-tumor agents, and cholesterol-lowering agents—that are of critical importance to human health^[1]^[2]^[3]. Furthermore, the metabolome of a biological organism is influenced by a variety of endogenous factors, including age, sex, body composition, genetic background, and underlying pathological states. The small-molecule metabolites within an organism are diverse and highly distinct; their levels are typically subject to the synergistic regulation of a vast array of enzymes and transport proteins, undergoing processes of synthesis, transformation, degradation, and compartmentalized distribution. Metabolomics research based on endogenous metabolites has been widely applied in the fields of metabolic disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and infectious diseases, where these metabolites hold potential utility as biomarkers or therapeutic targets^[1]^[2]^[3].

References:

[1]. Seyedsayamdost MR. Toward a global picture of bacterial secondary metabolism. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol. 2019 Mar;46(3-4):301-311.

[2]. Ruiz B, et al. Production of microbial secondary metabolites: regulation by the carbon source. Crit Rev Microbiol. 2010 May;36(2):146-67.

[3]. Wishart DS. Metabolomics for Investigating Physiological and Pathophysiological Processes. Physiol Rev. 2019 Oct 1;99(4):1819-1875.

Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Specific Products:

Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Comparison

Endogenous Metabolite Related Products (8488)
Antibodies (477)
Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Comparison

By Effects:	Inhibitors (66) Agonists (3) Controls (2) Antagonist (1) Activators (7) Modulators (9) Chemicals (14) Inducers (6)

Cat. No.	Product Name	Effect	Purity	Chemical Structure

HY-32351A

Calcifediol monohydrate		99.98%
Calcifediol monohydrate (25-hydroxy Vitamin D3 monohydrate), is an effective VDR ligand and VD supplement. Calcifediol is a prohormone of the vitamin D endocrine system (VDES) and is hydroxylated in the liver to produce the active form, calcitriol. Calcifediol can rapidly increase serum VD levels.

HY-128434

L-Leucyl-L-alanine		98.0%
L-Leucyl-L-alanine is a simple aliphatic dipeptide composed of L-leucine and L-alanine.

HY-B2219S2

Stearic acid-¹³C₁₈		99.2%
Stearic acid-¹³C₁₈is the ¹³C-labeled Stearic acid. Stearic acid is a long chain dietary saturated fatty acid which exists in many animal and vegetable fats and oils.

HY-Y1311S

Malic acid-d₃		99.90%
Malic acid-d₃ is the deuterium labeled Malic acid. Malic acid (Hydroxybutanedioic acid) is a dicarboxylic acid that is naturally found in fruits such as apples and pears. It plays a role in many sour or tart foods.

HY-113440

5-Methoxytryptophol		99.95%
5-Methoxytryptophol is a 5-methoxyindole alcohol structurally homologous to Melatonin (HY-B0075). It is secreted by the mammalian pineal gland and exhibits an inverse circadian rhythm. 5-Methoxytryptophol regulates bone metabolism by activating the ERK1/2 pathway. It reduces the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β, as well as proteolytic enzymes MMP-1 and MMP-2, in serum and dental pulp tissues, thereby ameliorating acute pulpitis. 5-Methoxytryptophol induces rapid sleep in mice, while high doses cause respiratory depression and death. 5-Methoxytryptophol. 5-Methoxytryptophol can be used in studies related to acute pulpitis, hypnosis, and bone metabolism.

HY-W704966

2-Stearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
2-Stearoyl-sn-glycero-3-PC is a lysophospholipid that contains stearic acid (HY-B2219) at the sn-2 position. It has been found in rabbit myocardium.

HY-W105518

L-Carnitine tartrate		98.0%
L-Carnitine tartrate is a highly polar, small zwitterion. L-Carnitine tartrate is an essential co-factor for the mitochondrial β-oxidation pathway. L-Carnitine tartrate functions to transport long chain fatty acyl-CoAs into the mitochondria for degradation by β-oxidation. L-Carnitine tartrate is an antioxidant. L-Carnitine tartrate can ameliorate metabolic imbalances in many inborn errors of metabolism^{[3]^.}

HY-N2582

Calcium Phytate		98.0%
Calcium phytate (Phytin) is an insoluble phosphorus-containing compound widely present in plant-based foods such as cereals and legumes. Calcium phytate can be found in feces and can alleviate lead poisoning.

HY-B0166S6

L-Ascorbic acid-d₂		99.90%
L-Ascorbic acid-d₂ is the deuterium labeled L-Ascorbic acid. L-Ascorbic acid (L-Ascorbate), an electron donor, is an endogenous antioxidant agent. L-Ascorbic acid inhibits selectively Cav3.2 channels with an IC50 of 6.5 μM. L-Ascorbic acid is also a colla

HY-W008270

2(5H)-Furanone		99.94%
2(5H)-Furanone (γ-Crotonolactone) is an endogenous metabolite. 2(5H)-Furanone mimics N-acyl homoserine lactone signals, occupies the binding site of LuxR homologs, and interferes with quorum sensing-mediated gene regulation. 2(5H)-Furanone inhibits quorum sensing mediated by AHLs with different acyl chain lengths. 2(5H)-Furanone inhibits biofilm formation of environmental Aeromonas hydrophila strains on polystyrene plates. 2(5H)-Furanone suppresses spike-and-wave discharges in a rat model of generalized absence seizures and exhibits selective activity against absence seizures. 2(5H)-Furanone can be used in studies related to bacteria infections and generalized absence seizures.

HY-Y1069S

(S)-Malic acid-d₃		99.64%
(S)-Malic acid-d₃ is the deuterium labeled (S)-Malic acid. (S)-Malic acid ((S)-2-Hydroxysuccinic acid) is a dicarboxylic acid in naturally occurring form, contributes to the pleasantly sour taste of fruits and is used as a food additive.

HY-B0158R

Cytidine (Standard)
Cytidine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Cytidine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Cytidine is a pyrimidine nucleoside and acts as a component of RNA. Cytidine is a precursor of uridine. Cytidine controls neuronal-glial glutamate cycling, affecting cerebral phospholipid metabolism, catecholamine synthesis, and mitochondrial function. In Vivo:Cytidine decreases glutamate/glutamine levels and induces earlier improvement of depressive symptoms.

HY-113083

Acetaminophen glucuronide		99.96%
Acetaminophen glucuronide (APAP-glu) is an inactive glucuronide metabolite of Acetaminophen (HY-66005). Acetaminophen is a selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor and a potent hepatic N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) inhibitor.

HY-N7719

Oosporein		99.16%
Oosporein is a microbial metabolite and a red crystalline toxin produced by various fungi. Oosporein can promote the reproduction of fungi in host bodies by inhibiting insect immunity, and possesses multiple activities such as antibacterial, antiviral (HSV), and insecticidal effects. Oosporein can inhibit plant growth. In addition, Oosporein can also induce apoptosis, cell membrane damage, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial damage. Oosporein has certain antitumor activity.

HY-124124S

N-Methylnicotinamide-d₄		98.23%
N-Methylnicotinamide-d₄ is the deuterium labeled N-Methylnicotinamide (HY-124124). N-Methylnicotinamide is an endogenous metabolite with antithrombotic effect. N-Methylnicotinamide via production/release of prostacyclin inhibits arterial thrombosis development. N-Methylnicotinamide is also the N-methylation product from nicotinamide catalyzed by N-methyltransferase within nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism pathway.

HY-116374A

Glycolithocholic acid sodium		98.0%
Glycolithocholic acid (Lithocholylglycine) sodium is the sodium salt of Glycolithocholic acid. Glycolithocholic acid is a glycine-conjugated secondary bile acid. Glycolithocholic acid can be used to diagnose ulcerative colitis (UC), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC).

HY-Y0378

D-Leucine		98.0%
D-Leucine is a more potent anti-seizure agent than L-leucine. D-leucine potently terminates seizures even after the onset of seizure activity. D-leucine, but not L-leucine, reduces long-term potentiation but had no effect on basal synaptic transmission in vitro.

HY-W010378

D-Asparagine		98.0%
D-Asparagine (H-D-Asn-OH) acts as a competitive inhibitor of L-asparagine hydrolysis, with a K_i value of 0.24 mM. D-Asparagine serves as a nitrogen source for yeast strains. D-Asparagine is a good substrate for external yeast asparaginase but a poor substrate for internal yeast asparaginase.

HY-B2132R

Tryptamine (Standard)
Tryptamine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Tryptamine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Tryptamine is a monoamine alkaloid, similar to other trace amines, is believed to play a role as a neuromodulator or neurotransmitter.

HY-P5069A

Glutathione diethyl ester TFA
Glutathione diethyl ester (TFA) is a delivery agent for glutathione monoester, and thus for glutathione, in human cells and therefore could serve to decrease oxidative stress and toxicity.

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Endogenous Metabolite

Endogenous Metabolite

Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Specific Products:

Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Specific Products:

Endogenous Metabolite Related Products (8488)

Antibodies (477)

Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Comparison

Endogenous Metabolite Related Products (8488):