2. Signaling Pathways
  3. NF-κB
  4. NF-κB

NF-κB

Nuclear factor-κB; Nuclear factor-kappaB

NF-κB

Related Products

PDF 4.06 MB

NF-κB (Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) is a protein complex that controls transcription of DNA. NF-κB is found in almost all animal cell types and is involved in cellular responses to stimuli such as stress, cytokines, free radicals, ultraviolet irradiation, oxidized LDL, and bacterial or viral antigens. NF-κB plays a key role in regulating the immune response to infection. Incorrect regulation of NF-κB has been linked to cancer, inflammatory, and autoimmune diseases, septic shock, viral infection, and improper immune development. NF-κB has also been implicated in processes of synaptic plasticity and memory. There are five proteins in the mammalian NF-κB family: NF-κB1, NF-κB2, RelA, RelB, c-Rel.

NF-κB Isoform Specific Products:

NF-κB Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-137315
    TML-6
    		Inhibitor 98.34%
    TML-6, an orally active curcumin derivative, inhibits the synthesis of the β-amyloid precursor protein and β-amyloid (Aβ). TML-6 can upregulate Apo E, suppress NF-κB and mTOR, and increase the activity of the anti-oxidative Nrf2 gene. TML-6 has the potential for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) research.
    TML-6
  • HY-135319
    Strictinin
    		Inhibitor
    Strictinin is an orally active phenolic compound. Strictinin reduces xanthine oxidase activity, uric acid production, and the activation of ERK1/2, JNK, NF-κB, and NLRP3 inflammasome components in hepatocytes treated with Xanthine (HY-W017389). Strictinin decreases elevated serum uric acid levels and enhanced xanthine oxidase activity in mice treated with potassium oxonate. Strictinin acts as a ROR1 inhibitor and exhibits anticancer activity against highly aggressive non-androgen-dependent prostate cancer. Strictinin induces cancer cell apoptosis (apoptosis), arrests cell cycle, and inhibits cancer cell migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Strictinin modulates gut microbiota, inhibits bacterial growth and biofilm formation, accelerates small intestinal transit, and blocks viral entry and replication. Strictinin can be used in research related to hyperuricemia, androgen receptor-negative non-androgen-dependent prostate cancer, triple-negative breast cancer, bacterial infections, constipation, coronavirus infections, dental caries, and infections caused by influenza A, influenza B, and human parainfluenza virus type 1.
    Strictinin
  • HY-137941
    Roxatidine
    		Inhibitor 98.25%
    Roxatidine is an active metabolite of Roxatidine acetate hydrochloride, is an orally active histamine H2-receptor antagonist. Roxatidine, an anti-ulcer agent, suppresses histamine release (thus inhibiting proton secretion) and inhibits the production of VEGF-1, an important marker of inflammation and angiogenesis. Anti-allergic inflammatory effect. Roxatidine is promising for research of gastric and duodenal ulcers.
    Roxatidine
  • HY-N4280
    7,8-Dimethoxycoumarin
    		Inhibitor 99.75%
    7,8-Dimethoxycoumarin is a coumarin compound derived from Artemisia caruifolia with oral activity. 7,8-Dimethoxycoumarin inhibits mitochondrial permeability transition pore and H+/K+-ATPase, and exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, renoprotective, neuroprotective and gastroprotective effects. 7,8-Dimethoxycoumarin reduces lipid peroxidation (TBARS), increases GSH levels, inhibits myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and regulates the expression of inflammatory factors by inhibiting the NF‑κB and MAPK pathways. 7,8-Dimethoxycoumarin ameliorates gastric mucosal injury, alleviates renal tissue lesions and relieves neuropathic pain. 7,8-Dimethoxycoumarin can be used in studies related to acute renal failure, trigeminal neuralgia and gastritis.
    7,8-Dimethoxycoumarin
  • HY-161627
    Anemoside A3-methyl 6-aminohexanoate
    		Inhibitor 98.62%
    Anemoside A3-methyl 6-aminohexanoate is an orally effective pyruvate carboxylase (PC) inhibitor with a Kd value of 10.1 μM against human PC. Anemoside A3-methyl 6-aminohexanoate exerts its function through the PC/NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome axis. Anemoside A3-methyl 6-aminohexanoate significantly alleviates symptoms of DSS (HY-116282C)-induced colitis in mice. Anemoside A3-methyl 6-aminohexanoate can be used in colitis-related research.
    Anemoside A3-methyl 6-aminohexanoate
  • HY-N8884
    Coelonin
    		Inhibitor 98.0%
    Coelonin is a dihydrophenanthrene with anti-inflammation activity. Coelonin inhibits LPS-induced PTEN phosphorylation. Coelonin inhibits NF-κB activation and p27Kip1 degradation by regulating the PI3K/AKT pathway negatively. Coelonin can inhibit IκBα phosphorylation and degradation and increases the expression of IκBα protein.
    Coelonin
  • HY-124651
    SEMBL
    		Inhibitor 99.16%
    SEMBL is a potent NF-κB inhibitor. SEMBL can inhibit NF-κB-DNA binding, and also inhibits NF-κB-dependent inflammatory cytokine secretions. SEMBL inhibits cancer cell migration and invasion via decreasing MMP expression. SEMBL can be used for researching anticancer.
    SEMBL
  • HY-B1899R
    Taurodeoxycholic acid (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Taurodeoxycholic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Taurodeoxycholic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Taurodeoxycholate sodium salt is a bile salt-related anionic detergent. Taurodeoxycholic acid is formed in the liver by conjugation of deoxycholate with Taurine (HY-B0351). Taurodeoxycholic acid is used for isolation of membrane proteins including inner mitochondrial membrane proteins. Taurodeoxycholic acid (TDCA) exhibits anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects[1][2][3][9][10].
    Taurodeoxycholic acid (Standard)
  • HY-113416AS
    Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate-d6 sodium dihydrate
    		Inhibitor 99.9%
    Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate sodium dihydrate-d6 sodium dihydrate is the deuterium labeled Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate sodium dihydrate. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA sulfate; Prasterone sulfate) sodium dihydrate is a neurosteroid and the main secretion product of the adrenal gland. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate sodium dihydrate has both non-competitive antagonist activity of GABAA receptor and agonist activity of σ1 receptor. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate sodium dihydrate can partially penetrate the blood-brain barrier, inhibit GABAA receptor-mediated chloride influx, enhance NMDA receptor activity through σ1 receptors, exert anti-inflammatory, anti-glucocorticoid and antidepressant effects, and increase convulsive sensitivity. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate sodium dihydrate participates in neuroprotection, neurite growth regulation and catecholamine secretion regulation, and can be used in the study of depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), Alzheimer's disease, etc. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate sodium dihydrate may also be a biomarker for cardiovascular disease mortality, and its concentration is independently and negatively correlated with mortality.
    Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate-d<sub>6</sub> sodium dihydrate
  • HY-178136
    MyD88-IN-3
    		Inhibitor 99.33%
    MyD88-IN-3 is an orally active, selective MyD88 Inhibitor. MyD88-IN-3 specifically targets the TIR domain of MyD88 (KD = 28.5 μM), thereby preventing MyD88 self-polymerization and interaction with TLRs, which suppresses the activation of MAPK and NF-κB pathways. MyD88-IN-3 demonstrates significant anti-inflammatory efficacy and effectively mitigates Acute Lung Injury (ALI) symptoms in CLP (cecal ligation and puncture) and Lipopolysaccharides (HY-D1056) (LPS)-induced ALI models. MyD88-IN-3 can be used for the study of ALI.
    MyD88-IN-3
  • HY-N0427
    Phellodendrine
    		Inhibitor 99.60%
    Phellodendrine is an orally active plant alkaloid. Phellodendrine inhibits the proliferation of KRAS-mutated pancreatic cancer cells by suppressing macropinocytosis and glutamine metabolism, inducing ROS accumulation and mitochondrial apoptosis. Phellodendrine promotes autophagy by activating the AMPK/mTOR pathway, alleviating intestinal damage in ulcerative colitis. Phellodendrine can alleviate gouty arthritis by inhibiting the IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway. Phellodendrine suppresses allergic reactions by altering the conformation of MRGPRB3/MRGPRX2 protein, thereby inhibiting the activation of PKC and subsequent downstream MAPK and NF-κB signaling. Phellodendrine inhibits the AKT/NF-κB pathway and down-regulates the expression of COX-2, thereby protecting zebrafish embryos from oxidative stress. Phellodendrine has an anti-major depressive disorder (MDD) effect by down-regulating CHRM1, HTR1A, and the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
    Phellodendrine
  • HY-B0026
    Ceftiofur hydrochloride
    		Inhibitor 98.43%
    Ceftiofur hydrochloride is a cell wall synthesis inhibitor that targets bacterial penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) and has anti-inflammatory effects in endotoxemia. Ceftiofur hydrochloride exerts bactericidal effects by inhibiting the synthesis of bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan, leading to bacterial cell lysis. Ceftiofur hydrochloride also inhibits the activation of NF-κB and MAPKs, thereby reducing the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6.
    Ceftiofur hydrochloride
  • HY-B1900R
    Methylprednisolone succinate (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Methylprednisolone succinate (Standard) is the analytical standard of Methylprednisolone succinate (HY-B1900). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Methylprednisolone succinate (Methylprednisolone hydrogen succinate) is a prodrug of Methylprednisolone (HY-B0260) and glucocorticoid with immunosuppressant and anti-inflammatory activity. Methylprednisolone succinate binds cytosolic glucocorticoid receptors, translocates to nuclei, and modulates target gene transcription. Methylprednisolone succinate alters Bax, Bcl-2, occludin, and ZO-1 expression; attenuates TLR4/NF-κB signaling; suppresses proinflammatory cytokine production and immune cell activation. Methylprednisolone succinate can be used for the research of intracranial haemorrhage, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, preterminal cancer, inflammatory conditions, shock, immediate-type hypersensitivity, acute myocardial ischemia, hypoxic heart muscle damage, and traumatic spinal cord injury.
    Methylprednisolone succinate (Standard)
  • HY-N3097
    Pellitorine
    		Activator 99.84%
    Pellitorine is a bioactive natural amide compound. Pellitorine can competitively antagonize the activation of TRPV1 by Capsaicin (HY-10448), thereby reducing pain signal transmission. Pellitorine improves cognitive dysfunction by upregulating the BDNF-ERK1/2-CREB and Nrf2-HO-1 pathways. Pellitorine exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-sepsis effects by inhibiting the release of high mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1) and the expression of RAGE/TLR4. Pellitorine exerts its antithrombotic effect by prolonging the clotting time, inhibiting the activity of clotting factors and thrombin. Pellitorine inhibits lipid peroxidation and resists ferroptosis by upregulating GPX4 and DHODH. Pellitorine kills Aedes aegypti mosquito larvae by inhibiting V-type H⁺-ATPase and aquaporin 4 (AaAQP4). Pellitorine exhibits anti-cancer activity (e.g., leukemia and breast cancer) and has inhibitory effects on certain bacteria.
    Pellitorine
  • HY-N0276
    Flaconitine
    		Inhibitor 99.77%
    Flaconitine is considered to be a NF-κB inhibitor.
    Flaconitine
  • HY-B1179
    Dipyrocetyl
    		Inhibitor 98.16%
    Dipyrocetyl is a Salicylic Acid (HY-B0167) derivative, exhibiting analgesic and antipyretic activity. Dipyrocetyl can be used for inflammation diseases and pain.
    Dipyrocetyl
  • HY-P11115
    CIGB-552
    		Inhibitor 98.66%
    CIGB-552 is a cell-penetrating peptide with anti-tumor properties with the IC50 of 23 μM in H460 cells. CIGB-552 can increase the level of protein COMMD1. CIGB-552 significantly inhibits the NF-κB signaling pathway. CIGB-552 can promote apoptosis of the tumor cells. CIGB-552 can induce the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in tumor cells. CIGB-552 has anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic effects. CIGB-552 can be used for the research of the lung cancer and colon cancer.
    CIGB-552
  • HY-N2855
    Alphitolic acid
    		Inhibitor
    Alphitolic acid (Aophitolic acid) is an anti-inflammatory triterpene could found in quercus aliena. Alphitolic acid blocks Akt–NF-κB signaling to induce apoptosis. Alphitolic acid induces autophagy. Alphitolic acid has anti-inflammatory activity and down-regulates the NO and TNF-α production. Alphitolic acid can be used for cancer and inflammation research.
    Alphitolic acid
  • HY-W013507R
    (rac)-Methyl jasmonate (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    (rac)-Methyl jasmonate (Standard) is the analytical standard of Methyl jasmonate. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. (rac)-Methyl jasmonate is the racemate of Methyl jasmonate (HY-135663). Methyl jasmonate is a phytohormone that regulates the defense response of plants under biotic and biotic stress through jasmonate signaling pathway. Methyl jasmonate inhibits the activation of NF-κB signaling pathway. Methyl jasmonate can promote the mitochondrial ROS production, but also scavenges free radicals and reduces the oxidative stress. Methyl jasmonate exhibits anti-inflammatory, antitumor, anticonvulsant, antinociceptive and sedative activities.
    (rac)-Methyl jasmonate (Standard)
  • HY-N1904
    4′-Hydroxywogonin
    		Inhibitor 98.22%
    4′-Hydroxywogonin (8-Methoxyapigenin), a flavonoid, could be isolated from a variety of plants including Scutellaria barbata and Verbena littoralis. 4′-Hydroxywogonin has anti-inflammatory activity via TAK1/IKK/NF-κB, MAPKs and PI3/AKT signaling pathways. 4′-Hydroxywogonin inhibits angiogenesis by disrupting PI3K/AKT signaling. 4′-Hydroxywogonin inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis.
    4′-Hydroxywogonin
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
All Rights Reserved.
Download NF-κB Signaling Pathway Map.

NF-κB transcription factors are critical regulators of immunity, stress responses, apoptosis and differentiation. In mammals, there are five members of the transcription factor NF-κB family: RELA (p65), RELB and c-REL, and the precursor proteins NF-κB1 (p105) and NF-κB2 (p100), which are processed into p50 and p52, respectively. NF-κB transcription factors bind as dimers to κB sites in promoters and enhancers of a variety of genes and induce or repress transcription. NF-κB activation occurs via two major signaling pathways: the canonical and the non-canonical NF-κB signaling pathways[1]. 

 

The canonical NF-κB pathway is triggered by signals from a large variety of immune receptors, such as TNFR, TLR, and IL-1R, which activate TAK1. TAK1 then activates IκB kinase (IKK) complex, composed of catalytic (IKKα and IKKβ) and regulatory (NEMO) subunits, via phosphorylation of IKKβ. Upon stimulation, the IKK complex, largely through IKKβ, phosphorylates members of the inhibitor of κB (IκB) family, such as IκBα and the IκB-like molecule p105, which sequester NF-κB members in the cytoplasm. IκBα associates with dimers of p50 and members of the REL family (RELA or c-REL), whereas p105 associates with p50 or REL (RELA or c-REL). Upon phosphorylation by IKK, IκBα and p105 are degradated in the proteasome, resulting in the nuclear translocation of canonical NF-κB family members, which bind to specific DNA elements, in the form of various dimeric complexes, including RELA-p50, c-REL-p50, and p50-p50. Atypical, IKK-independent pathways of NF-κB induction also provide mechanisms to integrate parallel signaling pathways to increase NF-κB activity, such as hypoxia, UV and genotoxic stress.

 

The non-canonical NF-κB pathway is induced by certain TNF superfamily members, such as CD40L, BAFF and lymphotoxin-β (LT-β), which stimulates the recruitment of TRAF2, TRAF3, cIAP1/2 to the receptor complex. Activated cIAP mediates K48 ubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation of TRAF3, resulting in stabilization and accumulation of the NFκB-inducing kinase (NIK). NIK phosphorylates and activates IKKα, which in turn phosphorylates p100, triggering p100 processing, and leading to the generation of p52 and the nuclear translocation of p52 and RELB[2][3].

 

Reference:

[1]. Oeckinghaus A, et al. The NF-kappaB family of transcription factors and its regulation.Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2009 Oct;1(4):a000034. 
[2]. Taniguchi K, et al. NF-κB, inflammation, immunity and cancer: coming of age. Nat Rev Immunol. 2018 May;18(5):309-324.
[3]. Perkins ND,et al. Integrating cell-signalling pathways with NF-kappaB and IKK function. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2007 Jan;8(1):49-62.

NF-κB Isoform Comparison

Your Search Returned No Results.

Sorry. There is currently no product that acts on isoform together.

Please try each isoform separately.