2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Related Products

PDF 4.04 MB

Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-175210
    STING-IN-16
    		Inhibitor
    STING-IN-16 is a STING inhibitor with IC50 values of 44 nM (human) and 32 nM (mice) for cellular STING inhibition. STING-IN-16 effectively inhibits the activation of the STING axis in both human and murine cells. STING-IN-16 can restore renal mitochondrial function, suppress reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and reduce cell apoptosis. STING-IN-16 shows robust anti-inflammatory efiicacy in vivo. STING-IN-16 can be used for the study of autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases.
    STING-IN-16
  • HY-B0835S
    Fenobucarb-d3
    		Activator
    Fenobucarb-d3 is the deuterium labeled Fenobucarb. Fenobucarb is a carbamate insecticide. Fenobucarb induces zebrafish developmental neurotoxicity through pathways involved in inflammation, oxidative stress, degeneration and apoptosis. Fenobucarb is a possible risk factor to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular systems in animals.
    Fenobucarb-d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-17402S3
    Nisoldipine-d3
    Nisoldipine-d3 is deuterated labeled Nisoldipine (HY-17402). Nisoldipine (BAY-k 5552; Sular) is a highly efficient and specific L-type Cav1.2 channel blocker with an IC50 of 10 nM.
    Nisoldipine-d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-N17821
    Butrin
    		Inducer
    Butrin is a compound found in Butea monosperma flowers. Butrin reduces expression of SIRT1, AURKB, cyclin D1, pAKT, GSK-3β, β-catenin, and TGF-3β expression, enhances apoptosis and ROS production in cancer cells. Butrin downregulates Wnt and NF-κB signaling, mitigates oxidative stress, reduces proinflammatory cytokine (TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8) production and suppresses neuroinflammation. Butrin inhibits IKK enzyme activity. Butrin can be used for the researches of colorectal cancer, Alzheimer’s disease, and rheumatoid arthritis.
    Butrin
  • HY-156065
    S217879
    		Inhibitor
    S217879 is an orally active and selective NRF2 activator. S217879 activates the NRF2 pathway by specifically disrupting the KEAP1 (Kd: 4.15 nM)-NRF2 interaction, and upregulates the antioxidant response. S217879 also ameliorates steatohepatitis and reduces the degree of liver fibrosis. S217879 can be used in the research of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    S217879
  • HY-N16549
    Procyanidin B3-3-O-gallate
    		Inhibitor
    Procyanidin B3-3-O-gallate (3-O-Galloylprocyanidin B3) is a selective mammalian DNA polymerase α inhibitor, with a calf DNA polymerase α IC50 of 0.26 μM. Procyanidin B3-3-O-gallate scavenges DPPH radicals. Procyanidin B3-3-O-gallate can be used for research on oxidative stress and inflammatory diseases[1].
    Procyanidin B3-3-O-gallate
  • HY-175845
    Scr-IN-2
    		Agonist
    Scr-IN-2 is an effective c-Scr inhibitor with an IC50 of 302 nM. Scr-IN-2 exhibits nanomolar-level anti-breast cancer activity. Scr-IN-2 increases the level of ROS in cells, induces mitochondrial damage, G1 phase arrest, and apoptosis. Scr-IN-2 can be used in the research of breast cancer.
    Scr-IN-2
  • HY-178115
    MB-Buf
    		Inducer
    MB-Buf is a conjugation of methylene blue (HY-14536) and bufalin (HY-N0877) . MB-Buf can targeting degrade GPX4 upon light activation. MB-Buf can induce cell apoptosis, ferroptosis, and ROS production. MB-Buf can be used for the research of cancer, such as breast cancer.
    MB-Buf
  • HY-100561S1
    Tempol-d17
    Tempol-d17 is the deuterium labeled Tempol. Tempol is a general superoxide dismutase (SOD)-mimetic agent that efficiently neutralizes reactive oxygen species (ROS).
    Tempol-d<sub>17</sub>
  • HY-172777
    SDH-IN-25
    		Inducer
    SDH-IN-25 is a succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) inhibitor (IC50 = 4.82 mg/L). SDH-IN-25 exhibited broad-spectrum and potent antifungal activity. SDH-IN-25 mimics the interaction pattern of commercial fungicide Fluxapyroxad (HY-135549) through binding to SDH amino acid residues (TRP173, TYR58, and ARG43). SDH-IN-25 can induce hyphal morphology, interfere with respiratory metabolism by binding to complex II, generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), and affect mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in mycelia. SDH-IN-25 can be studied in research for agricultural disease control.
    SDH-IN-25
  • HY-N0316R
    Mollugin (Standard)
    		Activator
    Mollugin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Mollugin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Mollugin is an orally active and potent NF-κB inhibitor. Mollugin induces S-phase arrest of HepG2 cells, and increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Mollugin induces DNA damage in HepG2 cells, as well as an increase in the expression of p-H2AX. Mollugin shows anti-cancer effect by inhibiting TNF-α-induced NF-κB activation. Mollugin enhances the osteogenic action of BMP-2 (bone morphogenetic protein 2) via the p38-Smad signaling pathway.
    Mollugin (Standard)
  • HY-161332
    Antitumor agent-143
    		Activator
    Antitumor agent-143 (compound 2c) is an antitumor agent that blocks cell proliferation of A549 cells during the S phase and induces an early apoptosis. Antitumor agent-143 induces cell death via ferroptosis, apoptosis by a ROS-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction pathway and GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis.
    Antitumor agent-143
  • HY-P1184A
    HNGF6A TFA
    		Inhibitor
    HNGF6A TFA is a humanin analogue. HNGF6A TFA increases glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and glucose metabolism, and has the potential for diabetes research. HNGF6A TFA inhibits of ROS production during oxidative stress. HNGF6A TFA can prevent endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis in vivo.
    HNGF6A TFA
  • HY-149602
    Glutaminase C-IN-2
    		Agonist
    Glutaminase C-IN-2 (compound 11) is glutaminase C (GAC) allosteric inhibitor with an IC50 of 10.64 nM. Glutaminase C-IN-2 regulates the cellular metabolite, thereby increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) by blocking glutamine metabolism. Glutaminase C-IN-2 has anticancer effects.
    Glutaminase C-IN-2
  • HY-W001187R
    Tempo (Standard)
    		Activator
    Tempo (Standard) is the analytical standard of Tempo. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Tempo is a nitric oxide radical and a selective scavenger of ROS in mitochondria. Tempo is also an organocatalyst that disproportionates superoxide and oxidizes primary alcohols to aldehydes in a catalytic cycle. Tempo has mutagenic and antioxidant effects and can induceDNA strand breaks. Tempo also exerts cytotoxic and mutagenic properties in mouse lymphoma cells[4].
    Tempo (Standard)
  • HY-181509
    TNF-α/IL-1β/IL-6-IN-1
    		Inhibitor
    TNF-α/IL-1β/IL-6-IN-1 is an anti-inflammatory agent. TNF-α/IL-1β/IL-6-IN-1 exerts anti-inflammatory effects by downregulating the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6, and inhibiting the production of ROS. TNF-α/IL-1β/IL-6-IN-1 upregulates ABCG1 to promote cholesterol efflux. TNF-α/IL-1β/IL-6-IN-1 can be used in the research of inflammatory and lipid metabolic diseases such as atherosclerosis.
    TNF-α/IL-1β/IL-6-IN-1
  • HY-159510
    VEGFR-2-IN-51
    		Activator
    VEGFR-2-IN-51 (compound 19) is an orally active dual-target inhibitor of VEGFR-2 (IC50=15.33 μM) and tubulin (IC50=0.76 μM) with anti-tumor activity. VEGFR-2-IN-51 induces tumor cell apoptosis by reducing mitochondrial membrane potential and increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. VEGFR-2-IN-51 exerts anti-angiogenic effects by blocking the VEGFR-2/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. In addition, VEGFR-2-IN-51 has significant anti-proliferative activity against the gastric cancer cell line MGC-803 (IC50=0.005 μM).
    VEGFR-2-IN-51
  • HY-179484
    KRASG12C IN-19
    		Inhibitor
    KRASG12C IN-19 is a selective and orally active KRASG12C inhibitor. KRASG12C IN-19 exerts potent antiproliferative activity against the KRASG12C-mutant non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell line H358 with an IC50 of 7.6 nM, and effectively suppresses downstream ERK phosphorylation (IC50 = 24.06 nM). KRASG12C IN 19 has no significant inhibitory activity against KRASG12V and KRASG12D-mutant cancer cells (PANC 1, Panc, AsPC 1, and GP2d cells) with IC50 > 10,000 nM. KRASG12C IN-19 rapidly forms a covalent bond with KRASG12V-GDP, leading to dose-dependent inhibition of the downstream KRAS pathway. KRASG12C IN 19 can be employed for research in KRASG12C driven cancers, including non small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, and colorectal cancer.
    KRASG12C IN-19
  • HY-146166
    PT4
    		Activator
    PT4 is a therapeutic agent against Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). PT4 is effective against both species of Leishmania, with IC50s of 125.18 and 233.18 μM for L. amazonensis and L. braziliensis, respectively. PT4 decreases of mitochondrial membrane potential and increases production of reactive oxygen species, which leads to parasite death. PT4 has a potent in vivo anti-inflammatory activity.
    PT4
  • HY-170867
    Nrf2/HO-1 activator 3
    		Inhibitor
    Nrf2/HO-1 activator 3 (Compound C3a) is the activator for Nrf2 signaling pathway that promotes the Nrf2 translocation into nuclei and upregulates the expression of heme oxygenase-1 HO-1. Nrf2/HO-1 activator 3 inhibits the overespression of ROS and MDA in H2O2- or glucose-stimulated H9c2 cardiomyocytes, inhibits the cell viability and colony formation, thereby exhibiting antioxidant efficacy.
    Nrf2/HO-1 activator 3
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity