2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-178996
    FLT3-IN-36
    		Inducer
    FLT3-IN-36 is a potent FLT3 inhibitor. FLT3-IN-36 exhibits antitumor activity against FLT3-mutated acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells. FLT3-IN-36 induces cell cycle arrest, reduces mitochondrial membrane potential, and induces apoptosis, downregulating FLT3 and downstream protein expression (including AKT, ERK, PI3K, and STAT5). FLT3-IN-36 can be used for AML research.
    FLT3-IN-36
  • HY-152226
    MC2590
    		Inducer 98.71%
    MC2590 is a potent pyridine-containing histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor. MC2590 is a inhibitor of HDAC1-3, -6, -8, and -10 (class I/IIb-selective inhibitor) with IC50s of 0.015 μM-0.156 μM. MC2590 also inhibits HDAC isoforms HDAC4, HDAC5, HDAC7, HDAC9, HDAC11 with IC50s of 1.35 μM-3.98 μM. MC2625 induces G2/M cell cycle arrest and modulates pro- and anti-apoptotic microRNAs towards apoptosis induction.
    MC2590
  • HY-149949
    Anticancer agent 105
    		Inducer
    Anticancer agent 105 is a compound based on thienopyrimidine scaffold, with with good safety and anticancer properties. Anticancer agent 105 shows selective toxicity towards melanoma cancer, and induces apoptosis. And Anticancer agent 105 significantly inhibits the metastatic nodules, even in pulmonary metastatic melanoma mouse model.
    Anticancer agent 105
  • HY-178919
    N-19004
    		Inhibitor
    N-19004 is a FPR1 antagonist. N-19004 shows broad-spectrum antibacterial effects against a variety of pathogens. N-19004 exhibits significant retinal protective effects in the rd10 mouse model of retinitis pigmentosa (RP). N-19004 can attenuate retinal dysfunction, mitigate rod and cone degeneration, and reduce immune cell activation, gliosis, inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. N-19004 can reduce the size of laser-induced choroidal lesions and promote edema absorption through dual anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic effects. N-19004 can be used for the research of retinal degenerative diseases such as retinitis pigmentosa.
    N-19004
  • HY-183311
    EGFR-IN-211
    		Inducer
    EGFR-IN-211 is a EGFR inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.131 μM. EGFR-IN-211 induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and inhibits DNA synthesis and cell division. EGFR-IN-211 can be used in research related to cancers such as colorectal cancer and melanoma.
    EGFR-IN-211
  • HY-161191
    Thalidomide-azetidine-piperazine-C2-O-C2-OH
    		Inducer
    Thalidomide-azetidine-piperazine-C2-O-C2-OH is a conjugate of E3 ligase ligand and linker, consisting of Thalidomide (HY-14658) and the corresponding Linker. Thalidomide-azetidine-piperazine-C2-O-C2-OH can serve as a Cereblon ligand to recruit CRBN protein and serve as a key intermediate for the synthesis of complete PROTAC molecules.
    Thalidomide-azetidine-piperazine-C2-O-C2-OH
  • HY-179019
    HDAC-IN-94
    		Inducer
    HDAC-IN-94 is a potent, selective HDAC6 inhibitor (IC50 = 4.5 nM). HDAC-IN-94 shows >1000-fold selectivity over HDAC8 and shows minimal activity against other isoforms (HDAC1-3/10). HDAC-IN-94 induces α-tubulin hyperacetylation, apoptosis, and G2/M cell cycle arrest, exhibiting potent anti-tumor efficacy with low cytotoxicity. HDAC-IN-94 can be used for neuroblastoma and glioblastoma research.
    HDAC-IN-94
  • HY-18981R
    Decursin (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Decursin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Decursin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Decursin ((+)-Decursin) is a potent anti-tumor agent. Decursin also is a cytotoxic agent and a potent protein kinase C activator. Decursin induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G1 phase. Decursin decreases the expression of CDK2, CDK4, CDK6, cyclin D1 protein at 48 h. Decursin inhibits cell proliferation and migration. Decursin shows anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities[4].
    Decursin (Standard)
  • HY-179506
    p53 Activator 16
    		Inducer
    P53 Activator 16 (Compound JC16) is a p53 activator. P53 Activator 16 exhibits selective cytotoxicity and pro-apoptotic (apoptosis) activity towards p53-Y220C mutant cancer cells, while having little effect on wild-type or P53-deficient cells. P53 Activator 16 induces the conformational transition of cell p53-Y220C from the mutant form to the wild-type form, accompanied by the transcriptional activation of p53 target genes, without increasing the overall level of p53 protein. P53 Activator 16 can be used for the study of p53 mutant cancers.
    p53 Activator 16
  • HY-P3867
    Hypocretin (70-98), human
    		Inducer
    Hypocretin (70-98), human is a polypeptide that is capable of binding to an orexin receptor OX1R and promotes apoptosis.
    Hypocretin (70-98), human
  • HY-17493A
    MI-773 TFA
    		Inducer 98.91%
    MI-773 TFA is an orally active, selective MDM2-p53 interaction inhibitor with a Ki of 0.88 nM for MDM2. MI-773 TFA blocks the MDM2-TP53 interaction. MI-773 TFA potently activates p53. MI-773 TFA induces Apoptosis. MI-773 TFA causes tumor regression in xenograft models of adenoid cystic carcinoma. MI-773 TFA exhibits anticancer effects in neuroblastoma. MI-773 TFA can be used for the research of adenoid cystic carcinoma.
    MI-773 TFA
  • HY-129724
    α-MSH (11-13)
    		Inhibitor
    α-MSH (11-13) (ACTH-(11-13)) is a C-terminal tripeptide of α-MSH that can cross the blood-brain barrier. α-MSH (11-13) exhibits antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial activities. α-MSH (11-13) also exerts neuroprotective effects after traumatic brain injury by inhibiting excessive activation of microglia and reducing neuronal apoptosis. α-MSH (11-13) can be used in research related to traumatic brain injury, fever, and bacterial infections.
    α-MSH (11-13)
  • HY-B1751E
    Quinidine polygalacturonate
    		Inducer
    Quinidine polygalacturonate is an antiarrhythmic agent. Quinidine polygalacturonate is a potent, orally active, selective cytochrome P450db inhibitor. Quinidine polygalacturonate is also a K+ channel blocker with an IC50 of 19.9 μM, and can induce apoptosis. Quinidine polygalacturonate can be used for malaria research.
    Quinidine polygalacturonate
  • HY-162895
    NL13
    		Inducer
    NL13 is a Polo-like kinase 4 (PLK4) inhibitor with an IC50 value of 2.32 μM. NL13 can inhibit the viability of PC3 and DU145 prostate cancer cells, with IC50 values of 3.51 μM and 2.53 μM, respectively. NL13 can lead to the inactivation of the AKT signaling pathway by downregulating CCNB1/CDK1, inducing G2/M cell cycle arrest, and triggering apoptosis through the cleavage of caspase-9/caspase-3. In prostate cancer mice, NL13 can inhibit tumor growth.
    NL13
  • HY-151934
    ERK-IN-6
    		Inducer
    ERK-IN-6 (compound 6g) is an potent anti-proliferation agent against esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). ERK-IN-6 induces cell apoptosis via ERK pathway. ERK-IN-6 can be used for the research of ESCC.
    ERK-IN-6
  • HY-163511
    PI3K/Akt/mTOR-IN-4
    		Inducer
    PI3K/Akt/mTOR-IN-4 (compound 4r) is a potent PI3K/Akt/mTOR and tubulin polymerization inhibitor. PI3K/Akt/mTOR-IN-4 induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase. PI3K/Akt/mTOR-IN-4 decreases the expression of p-PI3K, p-Akt, and p-mTOR, β-tubulin.
    PI3K/Akt/mTOR-IN-4
  • HY-155552
    GSPT1 degrader-1
    GSPT1 degrader-1 is a highly selective degrader targeting GSPT1. GSPT1 degrader-1 induces degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome system. GSPT1 degrader-1 induces G0/G1 phase arrest, apoptosis (apoptosis) and inhibits proliferation in leukemia cells. GSPT1 degrader-1 reduces the levels of CDK6 and Cyclin B1, while increases the levels of activated caspase-3 and caspase-9 in leukemia cells. GSPT1 degrader-1 can be used in leukemia research.
    GSPT1 degrader-1
  • HY-112417
    Ki11502
    		Inducer 99.30%
    Ki11502 is a multi-targeted receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitor that selectively inhibits the activity of PDGF β/α receptors with IC50 values less than 10 nM. Ki11502 selectively inhibits PDGF β receptor phosphorylation, proliferation, and proteoglycan synthesis in human vascular smooth muscle cells. Ki11502 can induce Apoptosis) and exhibits profound antiproliferative effects on select subsets of leukemia, including those with Imatinib (HY-15463) resistant mutations. Ki11502 is highly suitable for studying the role of PDGF in vascular diseases, particularly the role of proteoglycans in atherosclerosis.
    Ki11502
  • HY-15187C
    Filanesib hydrochloride
    		Inducer 99.99%
    Filanesib (ARRY-520) hydrochloride is a selective and noncompetitive kinesin spindle protein (KSP) inhibitor, with an IC50 of 6 nM for human KSP. Filanesib induces cell death by apoptosis in vitro. Filanesib has potent anti-proliferative activity.
    Filanesib hydrochloride
  • HY-155685
    SA-VA
    		Inducer
    SA-VA is an intracellular self-assembled PROTAC based on azide and alkyne. SA-VA is able to selectively degrade VEGFR-2 and EphB4 proteins in U87 cells. SA-VA can be converted to PROTAC in situ by click reaction with the help of endogenous copper in tumor tissues. SA-VA promotes apoptosis and blocks cells in S phase.
    SA-VA
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity