2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-11001
    PHA-793887
    		Inducer 99.25%
    PHA-793887 is a potent, ATP-competitive CDK inhibitor, can inhibit Cdk2, Cdk1, Cdk4, and Cdk9 with IC50s of 8 nM, 60 nM, 62 nM and 138 nM, respectively, and also inhibits glycogen synthase kinase 3β with an IC50 of 79 nM.
    PHA-793887
  • HY-P2322
    Iturin A
    		Inducer 98.53%
    Iturin A is a cyclic lipid peptide with strong antifungal activity. Iturin A induces ROS explosion and induces apoptosis and autophagy in tumor cells. Iturin A has antitumor activity.
    Iturin A
  • HY-N1428R
    Citric acid (standard)
    		Inducer
    Citric acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Citric acid (HY-N1428). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Citric acid is a natural preservative and food tartness enhancer. Citric acid induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and S phase in HaCaT cells. Citric acid cause oxidative damage of the liver by means of the decrease of antioxidative enzyme activities. Citric acid is also an acidulant, emulsifier, sequestrant and buffering agent widely used across many industries.
    Citric acid (standard)
  • HY-Y0252R
    L-Proline (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    L-Proline (Standard) is the analytical standard of L-Proline. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. L-Proline is one of the twenty amino acids used in living organisms as the building blocks of proteins.
    L-Proline (Standard)
  • HY-19712
    LJH685
    		Inducer 99.64%
    LJH685 is a potent, ATP-competitive and selective RSK inhibitor, inhibits RSK1, 2, and 3 biochemical activities with IC50s of 6, 5, 4 nM, respectively.
    LJH685
  • HY-19322
    PIM447
    		Inducer 99.52%
    PIM447 (LGH447) is a potent, orally available, and selective pan-PIM kinase inhibitor, with Ki values of 6, 18, and 9 pM for PIM1, PIM2, and PIM3, respectively. PIM447 displays dual antimyeloma and bone-protective effects. PIM447 induces apoptosis.
    PIM447
  • HY-W087383
    Thalidomide 5-fluoride
    		Inducer 99.96%
    Thalidomide 5-fluoride is a thalidomide-based Cereblon ligand used to recruit Cereblon protein. Thalidomide 5-fluoride can be linked to target protein ligands (e.g. IRAK4) through a linker to form PROTAC molecules (e.g. PROTAC IRAK4 degrader-1). PROTAC IRAK4 degrader-1 caused <20%, >20-50%, and >50% IRAK4 protein degradation in OCI-LY-10 cells at concentrations of 0.01, 0.1, and 1 μM, respectively.
    Thalidomide 5-fluoride
  • HY-143230
    Custirsen
    		Inducer
    Custirsen (OGX-011) is an antisense oligonucleotide that targets clusterin mRNA. Custirsen induces apoptosis by activating Bax, triggering mitochondrial translocation and cytochrome c release. Custirsen acts as a chemosensitizer, radiosensitizer and hormone sensitizer. Custirsen can be used in research related to prostate cancer, non-small cell lung cancer and metastatic breast cancer.
    Custirsen
  • HY-18629
    SU9516
    		Inducer 99.85%
    SU9516 is a potent CDK2 inhibitor, with an IC50 of 22 nM, and also shows inhibitory effects on CDK1 and CDK4, with IC50s of 40, 200 nM, respectively.
    SU9516
  • HY-A0129
    Histamine phosphate
    		Inducer 99.34%
    Histamine phosphate is the agonist for histamine receptor and a vasodilator. Histamine phosphate is an organic nitrogen compound that participates in local immune responses, regulates intestinal physiological functions, and acts as a neurotransmitter. Histamine phosphate affects p38 MAPK/Akt signaling pathway, exhibits antitumor, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Histamine phosphate can be used in the research of acute myeloid leukemia, malignant melanoma, and renal cell carcinoma.
    Histamine phosphate
  • HY-18008
    PS-1145
    		Inducer 99.88%
    PS-1145 is an IκB kinase (IKK) inhibitor with an IC50 of 88 nM.
    PS-1145
  • HY-114440
    Belapectin
    		Inducer 98.94%
    Belapectin (GR-MD-02) is a Galectin-3 (Gal-3) inhibitor. Belapectin drives tumor-induced immunosuppression by inducing T cell Apoptosis. Belapectin promotes tumor regression and improves survival of tumor-bearing mice through a CD8+ T cell-dependent mechanism. Belapectin binds to Gal-3 with affinity Ki of 2.8 μM.
    Belapectin
  • HY-16271
    Kevetrin hydrochloride
    		Inducer 98.0%
    Kevetrin hydrochloride is a potent activator of p53, induces apoptosis in TP53 wild-type and mutant acute myeloid leukemia cells. Kevetrin a preferential cytotoxic activity against blast cells.
    Kevetrin hydrochloride
  • HY-N0762
    Isobavachin
    		Inducer 99.88%
    Isobavachin is an orally active, blood-brain barrier-penetrating prenylated flavonoid present in Psoralea corylifolia. Isobavachin inhibits human CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, UGT1A1, UGT1A9, and UGT2B7. Isobavachin suppresses MAPK activation, NF-κB nuclear translocation, overexpression of iNOS/COX-2, FcεRI-mediated signaling pathways, and RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis. Isobavachin induces autophagy, cytotoxicity, neuronal differentiation, and NRF2 activation; it alleviates oxidative damage, inflammatory responses, apoptosis, iron accumulation, mitochondrial biogenesis, and mast cell degranulation. Isobavachin is applicable to research related to liver injury, inflammatory diseases, osteoporosis, liver cancer, prostate cancer, glioma, periodontitis-induced bone loss, and Alzheimer's disease.
    Isobavachin
  • HY-N10503
    Norartocarpetin
    		Inducer 99.28%
    Norartocarpetin is a tyrosinase inhibitor. Norartocarpetin has strong tyrosinase inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 0.47 μM. Norartocarpetin as an antibrowning agent can be used for the research of food systems. Norartocarpetin also has a significant anticancer activity in lung carcinoma cells (NCI-H460) with an IC50 value of 22 μM. Norartocarpetin has antiproliferative effects are mediated via targeting Ras/Raf/MAPK signalling pathway, mitochondrial mediated apoptosis, S-phase cell cycle arrest and suppression of cell migration and invasion in human lung carcinoma cells.
    Norartocarpetin
  • HY-143584
    AZ5576
    		Inducer 99.86%
    AZ5576 is a potent and highly selective CDK9 inhibitor (IC50: <5 nM). AZ5576 inhibits the phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II at Ser2, thereby inhibiting transcriptional elongation. AZ5576 can be used for hematological Malignancy research.
    AZ5576
  • HY-131553
    D-α-Tocopherol Succinate
    		Inhibitor 98.0%
    D-α-Tocopherol Succinate (Vitamin E succinate) is an antioxidant tocopherol and a salt form of vitamin E. D-α-Tocopherol Succinate inhibits Cisplatin (HY-17394)-induced cytotoxicity. D-α-Tocopherol Succinate can be used for the research of cancer.
    D-α-Tocopherol Succinate
  • HY-P0109A
    Z-FA-FMK
    		Inhibitor 99.14%
    Z-FA-FMK ((1S)-Z-FA-FMK) is a potent Cathepsin B and L inhibitor. Z-FA-FMK blocks the induction of DEVDase activity, DNA fragmentation, and externalization of phosphatidylserine by selective synthetic retinoid-related molecules (RRMs). Z-FA-FMK inhibits apoptosis. Z-FA-FMK inhibits caspase activity and selectively inhibits recombinant effector caspases 2, -3, -6, and -7. Z-FA-FMK is a viral inhibitor. Z-FA-FMK inhibits reovirus replication in a susceptible host.
    Z-FA-FMK
  • HY-N6012
    (-)-Alkannin
    		Inducer 99.88%
    (-)-Alkannin, found in Alkanna tinctoria, is used as a food coloring. (-)-Alkannin shows anticancer activity, arrests cell cycle, and induces apoptosis. (-)-Alkannin improves hepatic inflammation in a Rho-kinase pathway.
    (-)-Alkannin
  • HY-113337A
    Ap4A tetraammonium
    		Inducer 99.98%
    Ap4A tetraammonium (P1,P4-Di-(adenosine-5')-tetraphosphate tetraammonium) is a conserved second messenger in organisms ranging from bacteria to humans. Ap4A tetraammonium binds to the histidine triad nucleotide-binding protein 1 (HINT1) activates the transcription of genes downstream of MITF. Ap4A tetraammonium induces apoptosis.
    Ap4A tetraammonium
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity