2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
  4. COX

COX

Cyclooxygenase

COX

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Cyclooxygenase (COX), officially known as prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (PTGS), is an enzyme that is responsible for formation of important biological mediators called prostanoids, including prostaglandins, prostacyclin and thromboxane. Pharmacological inhibition of COX can provide relief from the symptoms of inflammation and pain. Drugs, like Aspirin, that inhibit cyclooxygenase activity have been available to the public for about 100 years. Two cyclooxygenase isoforms have been identified and are referred to as COX-1 and COX-2. Under many circumstances the COX-1 enzyme is produced constitutively (i.e., gastric mucosa) whereas COX-2 is inducible (i.e., sites of inflammation). Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), such as aspirin and ibuprofen, exert their effects through inhibition of COX. The main COX inhibitors are the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

COX Isoform Specific Products:

COX Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-B0619
    Zaltoprofen
    		Inhibitor 98.89%
    Zaltoprofen (CN100), a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), is a preferential and orally active COX-2 inhibitor, with IC50s of 1.3 and 0.34 μM for COX-1 and COX-2, respectively. Zaltoprofen exhibits powerful anti-inflammatory effects as well as an analgesic action on inflammatory pain.
    Zaltoprofen
  • HY-N1380S1
    Guaiacol-d3
    		Inhibitor 99.0%
    Guaiacol-d3 is the deuterium labeled Guaiacol. Guaiacol, a phenolic compound, inhibits LPS-stimulated COX-2 expression and NF-κB activation. Guaiacol has an anti-inflammatory activity.
    Guaiacol-d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-B0440
    Tenoxicam
    		Inhibitor 99.93%
    Tenoxicam (Ro-12-0068), an antiinflammatory agent with analgesic and antipyretic properties.
    Tenoxicam
  • HY-B0386
    Flunixin meglumine
    		Inhibitor 99.65%
    Flunixin meglumine is a cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor with IC50 values of 0.55 and 3.24 μM for COX-1 and COX-2, respectively. Flunixin meglumine shows anti-inflammatory effects.
    Flunixin meglumine
  • HY-B1456A
    Fenoprofen
    		Inhibitor 99.70%
    Fenoprofen (LILLY-53858) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) and inhibits cyclooxygenase (COX). Fenoprofen is a melanocortin receptors (MCRs) positive allosteric modulator (PAM). Fenoprofen also increases ERK1/2 activation in HEK293T cells. Fenoprofen has anti-arthritic activities and can be used for the study of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.
    Fenoprofen
  • HY-147972
    NF-κB/MAPK-IN-1
    		Inhibitor 98.71%
    NF-κB/MAPK-IN-1 (compound 11a) is a potent inhibitor of NF-κB and MAPK pathway. NF-κB/MAPK-IN-1 shows inhibitory activity against NO production, with an IC50 of 6.96 µM. NF-κB/MAPK-IN-1 suppresses LPS-induced iNOS, COX-2, ERΚ and P38 signaling activation. NF-κB/MAPK-IN-1 can prevent LPS induced inflammatory response in macrophages. NF-κB/MAPK-IN-1 can be used for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) research.
    NF-κB/MAPK-IN-1
  • HY-N1921
    Edpetiline
    		Inhibitor 99.81%
    Edpetiline is an anti-inflammatory agent. Edpetiline inhibits the phosphorylation of IκB, nuclear transcription/translocation of NF-κB p65, as well as the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and ERK MAPK. Edpetiline reduces intracellular ROS levels, inhibits the expression of TNF-α, IL-6, iNOS, COX-2, and promotes the expression of IL-4. Edpetiline is applicable to the research of diseases associated with inflammation and oxidative stress.
    Edpetiline
  • HY-120824
    Mofezolac
    		Inhibitor 99.34%
    Mofezolac, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), is a selective, reversible and orally active COX-1 inhibitor with an IC50 of 1.44 nM. Mofezolac shows weak inhibitory activity on COX-2 (IC50 of 447 nM). Mofezolac can relieve pain and has anti-inflammatory activities.
    Mofezolac
  • HY-W040672
    Ibufenac
    		Inhibitor 99.98%
    Ibufenac (Dytransin) is an orally active nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent. Ibufenac exerts anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic effects. Ibufenac is being studied for the treatment of rheumatic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis.
    Ibufenac
  • HY-N0898R
    Catechin (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Catechin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Catechin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Catechin ((+)-Catechin) inhibits cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) with an IC50 of 1.4 μM.
    Catechin (Standard)
  • HY-N0909
    Notoginsenoside R2
    		Inhibitor 99.80%
    Notoginsenoside R2 (20(S)-Notoginsenoside R2; Ginsenoside Ng-R2) is an orally active notoginsenoside. Notoginsenoside R2 activates P90RSK and Nrf2 via the MEK1/2-ERK1/2 pathway to inhibit 6-OHDA-induced apoptotic damage in nerve cells. Notoginsenoside R2 upregulates SOX8/β-catenin by reducing miR-27a, thereby suppressing Aβ25-35-induced neuronal apoptosis and inflammatory responses. Notoginsenoside R2 alleviates lipid accumulation and mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting c-Src. Notoginsenoside R2 alleviates hepatic fibrosis by inducing hepatic stellate cell senescence and inhibiting the inflammatory microenvironment via JAK/STAT3 suppression. Notoginsenoside R2 can be used in research related to Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, diabetic nephropathy and hepatic fibrosis.
    Notoginsenoside R2
  • HY-W009347
    COX-1-IN-3
    		Inhibitor 99.95%
    COX-1-IN-3 (compound 19) is a COX-1 inhibitor with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory activity.
    COX-1-IN-3
  • HY-B0464A
    Hydralazine
    		Inhibitor 99.94%
    Hydralazine is an orally active, blood-brain barrier-permeable DNA methyltransferase inhibitor with vasodilatory, arterial smooth muscle relaxant and hypotensive activities. Hydralazine reactivates silenced tumor suppressor genes via mediating DNA demethylation, while exerting neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties. Hydralazine inhibits NOS-2 (iNOS) and COX-2, and reduces the production of NO and PGEE2; meanwhile, Hydralazine scavenges reactive oxygen species and inhibits macrophage activation. Hydralazine alleviates motor dysfunction, neuropathic inflammatory pain, and formalin-induced somatic and emotional pain responses. In addition, Hydralazine directly induces DNA strand breaks and sister chromatid exchange, exhibiting certain mutagenic characteristics. Hydralazine has been widely used in studies on hypertension, various cancers (such as cervical cancer, leukemia), spinal cord injury and the mechanisms of inflammatory pain.
    Hydralazine
  • HY-B0476R
    Phenacetin (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Phenacetin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Phenacetin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Phenacetin (Acetophenetidin) is a non-opioid analgesic/antipyretic agent. Phenacetin is a selective COX-3 inhibitor. Phenacetin is used as probe of cytochrome P450 enzymes CYP1A2 in human liver microsomes and in rats.
    Phenacetin (Standard)
  • HY-105028
    Tenidap
    		Inhibitor 99.93%
    Tenidap (CP-66248) is an orally active dual inhibitor of 5-LOX and COX with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. Tenidap downregulates the expression of IL-1 receptors in chondrocytes, reduces the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-α, and inhibits MMP production and cartilage degradation. Tenidap also blocks bone resorption and leukocyte adhesion to vascular endothelium, interferes with ion and pH changes associated with mouse sperm capacitation, and selectively enhances the activity of hKir2.3 channels (EC50=1.3 μM). Tenidap is applicable to research related to rheumatoid arthritis.
    Tenidap
  • HY-B1888A
    Bromfenac sodium
    		Inhibitor 99.92%
    Bromfenac sodium is a potent and orally active inhibitor of COX, with IC50s of 5.56 and 7.45 nM for COX-1 and COX-2, respectively. Bromfenac sodium can be used in ocular inflammation research.
    Bromfenac sodium
  • HY-129440
    N-(p-Coumaroyl) Serotonin
    		Inhibitor 99.03%
    N-(p-Coumaroyl) Serotonin is an orally active polyphenol found in safflower seeds with potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antitumor activities. N-(p-Coumaroyl) Serotonin suppresses NF‑κB, TLR4/MyD88 and MAPK signaling, activates NQO1/HO‑1 pathways, and inhibits pro‑inflammatory cytokines, iNOS and COX‑2 and ROS production. N-(p-Coumaroyl) Serotonin induces S‑phase arrest and apoptosis in glioblastoma cells, reduces atherosclerotic lesions, and alleviates renal and vascular injuries. N-(p-Coumaroyl) Serotonin acts as a vasodilator, regulates calcium dynamics. N-(p-Coumaroyl) Serotonin can be used for the research of neurodegenerative diseases, atherosclerosis, glioblastoma, and acute renal failure.
    N-(p-Coumaroyl) Serotonin
  • HY-114557
    NSC 90469
    		Activator 99.41%
    NSC 90469 (3,5-Diiodo-L-thyronine) is an orally active thyroid hormone derivative. NSC 90469 inhibits JNK phosphorylation and NF-κB acetylation, blocks SIRT1 protein expression, induces elevated PGC-1α levels, and stimulates COX activity. NSC 90469 enhances UCP1-mediated thermogenesis, increases hepatic Dio1 activity, inhibits TSH levels and hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis function, enhances lipid metabolism, and regulates energy metabolism via the mitochondrial pathway. NSC 90469 prevents blood glucose reduction, reduces urinary albumin excretion, inhibits renal matrix expansion, decreases TGF-β1 expression, and reduces renal fibronectin and type Ⅳ collagen deposition. NSC 90469 also increases energy expenditure and prevents diet-induced overweight. NSC 90469 can be used in studies related to diabetic nephropathy, hypothyroidism, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and diet-induced obesity.
    NSC 90469
  • HY-N7067
    Revaprazan hydrochloride
    		Inhibitor 99.98%
    Revaprazan hydrochloride is reversible proton pump inhibitor. Revaprazan hydrochloride can inhibit gastric acid secretion and protect gastric mucosa. Revaprazan hydrochloride can inhibit IkappaB-alpha degradation as well as Akt inactivation, resulting in attenuation of H. pylori-induced COX-2 expression. Revaprazan hydrochloride can be used for the researches of infection and inflammmation, such as H. pylori-infected gastric inflammation and gastric ulcer.
    Revaprazan hydrochloride
  • HY-B1888B
    Bromfenac sodium hydrate
    		Inhibitor 99.94%
    Bromfenac sodium hydrate (Bromfenac monosodium salt sesquihydrate) is a potent and orally active inhibitor of COX, with IC50s of 5.56 and 7.45 nM for COX-1 and COX-2, respectively. Bromfenac sodium hydrate can be used in ocular inflammation research.
    Bromfenac sodium hydrate
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
COX Isoform Comparison

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