2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
  4. Endogenous Metabolite

Endogenous Metabolite

Endogenous Metabolite

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Endogenous metabolites refer to the collective set of small-molecule chemical substances present within organelles, cells, organs, biological fluids, or entire organisms; their molecular weights are typically less than 1500 Da. These endogenous metabolites—including lipids, amino acids, short peptides, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, alcohols, and organic acids—not only participate in signal transduction governing genomic function but also receive upstream signals from the environment, thereby bridging the interrelationships among genotype, environment, and phenotype. Based on their biological functions, microbial endogenous metabolites can be broadly classified into two categories: primary metabolites and secondary metabolites. Primary metabolites are the core molecules essential for supporting microbial growth and proliferation; they serve to provide energy to the microbes or act as precursors and cofactors for the synthesis of biological macromolecules. In contrast, microbial secondary metabolites are a class of low-molecular-weight products that are not strictly essential for microbial growth. Nevertheless, microbial secondary metabolites include numerous substances—such as antibiotics, anti-tumor agents, and cholesterol-lowering agents—that are of critical importance to human health[1][2][3]. Furthermore, the metabolome of a biological organism is influenced by a variety of endogenous factors, including age, sex, body composition, genetic background, and underlying pathological states. The small-molecule metabolites within an organism are diverse and highly distinct; their levels are typically subject to the synergistic regulation of a vast array of enzymes and transport proteins, undergoing processes of synthesis, transformation, degradation, and compartmentalized distribution. Metabolomics research based on endogenous metabolites has been widely applied in the fields of metabolic disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and infectious diseases, where these metabolites hold potential utility as biomarkers or therapeutic targets[1][2][3].

Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Specific Products:

Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-100551
    meso-Erythritol
    		99.73%
    meso-Erythritol is a sugar alcohol that found in a variety of foods (e.g., pear, watermelon), is 60-80% as sweet as sucrose, and can be used as low-calorie sweetener food additives.
    meso-Erythritol
  • HY-101952S
    Prostaglandin E2-d4
    		99.90%
    Prostaglandin E2-d4 is the deuterium labeled Prostaglandin E2. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is a hormone-like substance that participate in a wide range of body functions such as the contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle, the dilation and constriction of blood vessels, control of blood pressure, and modulation of inflammation.
    Prostaglandin E2-d<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-B2209A
    Hydroxocobalamin monohydrochloride
    		99.93%
    Hydroxocobalamin monohydrochloride (Vitamin B12a monohydrochloride) is an injectable naturally occurring form of vitamin B12 with a favorable adverse effect profile, used as a dietary supplement in the treatment of vitamin B12 deficiency including pernicious anemia.
    Hydroxocobalamin monohydrochloride
  • HY-113509
    Lipoxin A4
    		98.00%
    Lipoxin A4 (LXA4), an endogenous lipoxygenase-derived eicosanoid mediator, has potent dual pro-resolving and anti-inflammatory properties. Lipoxin A4 inhibits proliferation and inflammatory cytokine/chemokine production of human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs) associated with the ERK1/2 and NF-kB pathways. Lipoxin A4 inhibits serum amyloid A (SAA)-mediated IL-8 release with an IC50 value of 25.74 nM.
    Lipoxin A4
  • HY-N0593S
    Deoxycholic acid-d4
    		99.80%
    Deoxycholic acid-d4 is the deuterium labeled Deoxycholic acid. Deoxycholic acid is specifically responsible for activating the G protein-coupled bile acid receptor TGR5 that stimulates brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenic activity.
    Deoxycholic acid-d<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-W017018
    L-Ornithine hydrochloride
    		99.91%
    L-Ornithine hydrochloride is a non-proteinogenic amino acid, is mainly used in urea cycle removing excess nitrogen in vivo. L-Ornithine hydrochloride shows nephroprotective.
    L-Ornithine hydrochloride
  • HY-N0390S2
    L-Glutamine-d5
    		99.79%
    L-Glutamine-d5 is the deuterium labeled L-Glutamine (HY-N0390). L-Glutamine is an orally active nutritional agent and cellular metabolism regulator. L-Glutamine is taken up in a Na+-dependent manner and targets multiple key molecules including glutaminase, mTORC1, NF-κB, STAT-3 and HIF-1α. L-Glutamine enhances glutaminolytic catabolism, drives the conversion of glutamate to α-ketoglutarate, thereby regulating gene expression, integrating metabolic signals, mediating glutamine flux and maintaining redox homeostasis. L-Glutamine also promotes cell proliferation, osteogenic differentiation and fracture healing, exerts neuroprotective and cardioprotective effects, and inhibits osteoarthritis. L-Glutamine can be applied to research related to osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, ischemic stroke and acute cantharidin-induced cardiotoxicity.
    L-Glutamine-d<sub>5</sub>
  • HY-101017
    Palmitoylcarnitine chloride
    		98.0%
    Palmitoylcarnitine chloride is a fatty acid-derived mitochondrial substrate, and selectively decreases cell survival in colorectal and prostate cancer cells by affecting on pro-inflammatory pathways, Ca2+ influx, and DHT-like effects.
    Palmitoylcarnitine chloride
  • HY-113365
    Cholestenone
    		99.95%
    Cholestenone (4-cholesten-3-one) is an orally available antimicrobial agent that is metabolized primarily in the liver as an intermediate oxidation product of cholesterol. Cholestenone inhibits human dermal fibroblast migration and fights Helicobacter pylori infection in vitro and in mouse models by inhibiting cholesterol-α-D-glucopyranoside (CGL). Cholestenone also alleviates metabolic disorders caused by obesity in db/db mice.
    Cholestenone
  • HY-113315
    3b-Hydroxy-5-cholenoic acid
    		99.93%
    3β-Hydroxy-5-cholenoic acid is a steroidal monohydroxy bile acid and serves as a substrate for sulfation reactions. It is applicable to the research of extrahepatic biliary atresia and recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy.
    3b-Hydroxy-5-cholenoic acid
  • HY-N0349
    Methyl paraben
    		99.86%
    Methyl Paraben is a standardized methyl paraben allergen isolated from Yunnan hemlock (Tsuga dumosa). Methyl Paraben is commonly used as a stable, non-volatile preservative. Methyl Paraben increases histamine release and cellular regulation of immunity, blocks sodium channels, and prevents ischemia-reperfusion injury.
    Methyl paraben
  • HY-14608S5
    L-Glutamic acid-13C5
    		99.81%
    L-Glutamic acid-13C5 is the 13C-labeled L-Glutamic acid. L-Glutamic acid acts as an excitatory transmitter and an agonist at all subtypes of glutamate receptors (metabotropic, kainate, NMDA, and AMPA). L-Glutamic acid shows a direct activating effect on the release of DA from dopaminergic terminals.
    L-Glutamic acid-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>5</sub>
  • HY-B1278A
    DL-α-Tocopherol acetate
    		99.50%
    DL-α-Tocopherol acetate is a vitamin E derivative which is often included in the formulations of enteral nutrition.
    DL-α-Tocopherol acetate
  • HY-113320
    Etiocholanolone
    		99.49%
    Etiocholanolone (5β-Androsterone) is the excreted metabolite of testosterone and has anticonvulsant activity. Etiocholanolone is a less potent neurosteroid positive allosteric modulator (PAM) of the GABAA receptor than its enantiomer form.
    Etiocholanolone
  • HY-N6612
    D-Glucuronic acid
    		98.0%
    D-Glucuronic acid is a major component of many anti-inflammatory proteoglycans, which can promote embryonic development and inhibit cell aggregation. After being metabolized into ethyl glucuronide (HY-113093), D-Glucuronic acid activates Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), causing pain. D-Glucuronic acid and its derivative glucurono-lactone can serve as liver detoxifiers, and its derivatives also possess anti-tumor activity.
    D-Glucuronic acid
  • HY-W014787
    Decanedioic acid
    		99.97%
    Decanedioic acid is a straight-chain dicarboxylic acid. Dodecanedioic acid overcomes metabolic inflexibility in type 2 diabetes. Decanedioic acid prevents and reverses metabolic-associated liver disease and obesity. Decanedioic acid is associated with carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency and medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency.
    Decanedioic acid
  • HY-W002292
    L-Homoserine
    		99.88%
    L-Homoserine is a nonessential chiral amino acid and the precursor of L-Threonine (HY-N0658) and L-Methionine (HY-N0326). L-Homoserine wide applications in the fields of pharmaceutical, agricultural, cosmetic and fragrance industries.
    L-Homoserine
  • HY-N0326S5
    L-Methionine-13C5
    		99.96%
    L-Methionine-13C5 is the 13C-labeled L-Methionine. L-Methionine is the L-isomer of Methionine, an essential amino acid for human development. Methionine acts as a hepatoprotectant.
    L-Methionine-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>5</sub>
  • HY-N0215S8
    L-Phenylalanine-13C6
    		99.8%
    L-Phenylalanine-13C6 is the 13C-labeled L-Phenylalanine. L-Phenylalanine ((S)-2-Amino-3-phenylpropionic acid) is an essential amino acid isolated from Escherichia coli. L-Phenylalanine is a α2δ subunit of voltage-dependent Ca+ channels antagonist with a Ki of 980 nM. L-phenylalanine is a competitive antagonist for the glycine- and glutamate-binding sites of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) (KB of 573 μM ) and non-NMDARs, respectively. L-Phenylalanine is widely used in the production of food flavors and pharmaceuticals.
    L-Phenylalanine-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>6</sub>
  • HY-B0282S
    Acetylcholine-d4 chloride
    		99.21%
    Acetylcholine-d4 (chloride) is the deuterium labeled Acetylcholine chloride. Acetylcholine chloride (ACh chloride), a neurotransmitter, is a potent and BBB-permeable cholinergic agonist. Acetylcholine chloride is a modulator of the activity of dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons through the stimulation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). Acetylcholine chloride inhibits p53 mutant peptide aggregation in vitro.
    Acetylcholine-d<sub>4</sub> chloride
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Comparison

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