Endogenous Metabolite

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Endogenous metabolites refer to the collective set of small-molecule chemical substances present within organelles, cells, organs, biological fluids, or entire organisms; their molecular weights are typically less than 1500 Da. These endogenous metabolites—including lipids, amino acids, short peptides, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, alcohols, and organic acids—not only participate in signal transduction governing genomic function but also receive upstream signals from the environment, thereby bridging the interrelationships among genotype, environment, and phenotype. Based on their biological functions, microbial endogenous metabolites can be broadly classified into two categories: primary metabolites and secondary metabolites. Primary metabolites are the core molecules essential for supporting microbial growth and proliferation; they serve to provide energy to the microbes or act as precursors and cofactors for the synthesis of biological macromolecules. In contrast, microbial secondary metabolites are a class of low-molecular-weight products that are not strictly essential for microbial growth. Nevertheless, microbial secondary metabolites include numerous substances—such as antibiotics, anti-tumor agents, and cholesterol-lowering agents—that are of critical importance to human health^[1]^[2]^[3]. Furthermore, the metabolome of a biological organism is influenced by a variety of endogenous factors, including age, sex, body composition, genetic background, and underlying pathological states. The small-molecule metabolites within an organism are diverse and highly distinct; their levels are typically subject to the synergistic regulation of a vast array of enzymes and transport proteins, undergoing processes of synthesis, transformation, degradation, and compartmentalized distribution. Metabolomics research based on endogenous metabolites has been widely applied in the fields of metabolic disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and infectious diseases, where these metabolites hold potential utility as biomarkers or therapeutic targets^[1]^[2]^[3].

References:

[1]. Seyedsayamdost MR. Toward a global picture of bacterial secondary metabolism. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol. 2019 Mar;46(3-4):301-311.

[2]. Ruiz B, et al. Production of microbial secondary metabolites: regulation by the carbon source. Crit Rev Microbiol. 2010 May;36(2):146-67.

[3]. Wishart DS. Metabolomics for Investigating Physiological and Pathophysiological Processes. Physiol Rev. 2019 Oct 1;99(4):1819-1875.

Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Specific Products:

Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Comparison

Endogenous Metabolite Related Products (8492)
Antibodies (477)
Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Comparison

By Effects:	Inhibitors (66) Agonists (3) Controls (2) Antagonist (1) Activators (7) Modulators (9) Chemicals (14) Inducers (6)

Cat. No.	Product Name	Effect	Purity	Chemical Structure

HY-130321

Lauroyl-L-carnitine chloride		99.92%
Lauroyl-L-carnitine chloride is an orally active metabolite. Lauroyl-L-carnitine chloride significantly reverses the decrease in its target gene IL-10. Lauroyl-L-carnitine chloride alleviates Crohn' s-like colitis.

HY-107846

Xylan
Xylan represents the main hemicellulose component in the secondary plant cell walls of flowering plants. Xylan is a polysaccharide made from units of xylose and contains predominantly β-D-xylose units linked as in cellulose.

HY-13749B

Sitagliptin phosphate monohydrate	Inhibitor	99.83%
Sitagliptin (MK-0431) phosphate monohydrate is an orally active and highly selective DPP4 inhibitor with an IC₅₀ value of 19 nM. Sitagliptin phosphate monohydrate blocks the degradation of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) by competing inhibition mechanism (Kᵢ = 1 nM), thereby increasing the level of active incretin. Sitagliptin phosphate monohydrate can also directly stimulate the secretion of GLP-1 by intestinal L cells by activating the cAMP/PKA and ERK1/2 pathways, and this effect is independent of DPP-4. Sitagliptin phosphate monohydrate shows protective effects on pancreatic islet grafts in 1-type diabetes models. Sitagliptin phosphate monohydrate can be used for the study of 1-type and 2-type diabetes.

HY-101410S

SDMA-d₆		98.07%
SDMA-d₆ is the deuterium labeled SDMA. SDMA (Symmetric dimethylarginine) is an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide (NO) synthase activity.

HY-113058

3-Hydroxyoctanoic acid		98.0%
3-Hydroxyoctanoic acid is a hydroxylated fatty acid that has been found in the LPS of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and in methyl-branched poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate) (PHA) polymers produced by Pseudomonas oleophores. It is an agonist of the orphan receptor GPR109B, increasing intracellular calcium in human neutrophils endogenously expressing GPR109B. 3-Hydroxycaprylic acid prevents lipolysis in human adipocytes and is upregulated in human plasma in response to a ketogenic diet. Plasma levels of 3-hydroxyoctanoic acid were also increased 3.41-fold in human male runners exhausted on a treadmill and in a mouse model of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) fed a high-glycemic diet.

HY-W018158

DHICA
DHICA (5,6-Dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid) is an eumelanin building block, GPR35 agonist and melanin synthesis intermediate. DHICA activates GPR35, triggering dynamic mass redistribution and β-arrestin translocation. DHICA interacts with DNA and interferes with Fpg activity. DHICA promotes the generation of single-strand breaks in plasmid DNA. DHICA increases the activity and expression levels of SOD and Catalase. DHICA is applicable to research related to skin cancer and colon cancer.

HY-B1777A

Spermine tetrahydrochloride		99.66%
Spermine tetrahydrochloride is a polyamine nitric oxide donor that can provide nitric oxide to platelets and inhibit platelet activation to a certain extent concentration-dependently. Spermine tetrahydrochloride occurs in mammalian tissues, plants, bacteria, ribosomes and bacteriophage. Spermine tetrahydrochloride inhibits primary human embryo lung fibroblasts in vitro. Spermine is a natural antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. Spermine is known to inhibit some bacterial cultures, especially strains of Staphylococcus aureus. Spermine induces neurotoxicity in the striarum dose-dependently. Spermine can reversibly inhibits DNA synthetic response, mixed lymphocyte response and the induction of cytolytic lymphocyte response in primary cultures of murine spleen cells.

HY-W017443

L-Asparagine monohydrate		99.77%
L-Asparagine monohydrate is an essential amino acid for leukemic cells and a substrate for L-Asparaginase. L-Asparaginase is a potent anti-leukemic enzyme that promotes asparagine (Asn) and glutamine (Gln) depletion and inhibits protein biosynthesis in lymphoblasts. Removal of L-asparagine from plasma by L-Asparaginase results in inhibition of RNA and DNA synthesis and subsequent apoptosis. L-Asparaginase has cell-killing ability in vitro and in vivo, and selectively inhibits the growth of cancer cells with low asparagine synthetase (AASNS) expression. L-Asparagine monohydrate can be used as a biomarker and sensor for the study of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

HY-114297

Zymosterol		99.94%
Zymosterol is a Cholesterol (HY-N0322) biosynthesis metabolite. Zymosterol, a precursor of Cholesterol, is found mostly in the plasma membrane. Zymosterol circulates within the cell.

HY-W017386

3-Methyl-2-oxovaleric acid sodium		99.60%
3-Methyl-2-oxovaleric acid sodium is a degradation product from Isoleucine. 3-Methyl-2-oxovaleric acid sodium is a biomarker of mustard airway diseases (MADs) and uric acid stone.

HY-Y0966S8

Glycine-d₅		98.0%
Glycine-d₅ is the deuterium labeled Glycine. Glycine is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS and also acts as a co-agonist along with glutamate, facilitating an excitatory potential at the glutaminergic N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptors.

HY-66005S

Acetaminophen-d₄		99.60%
Acetaminophen-d₄ is the deuterium labeled Acetaminophen. Acetaminophen (Paracetamol) is a selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 25.8 μM; is a widely used antipyretic and analgesic agent. Acetaminophen is a potent hepatic N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) inhibitor.

HY-B1659S5

Glycerol-¹³C₃		99.69%
Glycerol-¹³C₃ is the ¹³C labeled Glycerol. Glycerol is used in sample preparation and gel formation for polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.

HY-113344

16α-Hydroxyestrone		99.74%
16α-Hydroxyestrone (16αOHE) is a major Estradiol metabolite. 16α-Hydroxyestrone (16αOHE) can be used for the research of metabolic disease.

HY-W013075

Rutin trihydrate
Rutin (Rutoside) trihydrate is a multifunctional natural flavonoid glycoside. Rutin trihydrate has been demonstrating excellent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, and anti-carcinogenic properties. Cardioprotective and neuroprotective activities .

HY-113432

Nudifloramide		99.94%
Nudifloramide (2PY) is one of the end products of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (NAD) degradation. Nudifloramide significantly inhibits poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP-1) activity in vitro.

HY-N0733

Glucosamine hydrochloride		98.0%
Glucosamine hydrochloride (D-Glucosamine hydrochloride) is an amino sugar and a prominent precursor in the biochemical synthesis of glycosylated proteins and lipids, is used as a dietary supplement. Glucosamine hydrochloride also is a natural constituent of glycosaminoglycans in the cartilage matrix and synovial fluid, which when administered exogenously, exerts pharmacological effects on osteoarthritic cartilage and chondrocytes.

HY-76847A

Chenodeoxycholic acid sodium		98.61%
Chenodeoxycholic acid sodium is a hydrophobic primary bile acid that activates nuclear receptors (FXR) involved in cholesterol metabolism.

HY-113005

Glutarylcarnitine		99.92%
Glutarylcarnitine is the diagnostic metabolite for malonic aciduria and glutaric aciduria type I monitored in most tandem mass spectrometry newborn screening programmes.

HY-B0141S1

Estradiol-d₄		99.55%
Estradiol-d₄ is the deuterium labeled Estradiol. Estradiol is a steroid sex hormone vital to the maintenance of fertility and secondary sexual characteristics in females. Estradiol upregulates IL-6 expression through the estrogen receptor β (ERβ) pathway.

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Endogenous Metabolite

Endogenous Metabolite

Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Specific Products:

Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Specific Products:

Endogenous Metabolite Related Products (8492)

Antibodies (477)

Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Comparison

Endogenous Metabolite Related Products (8492):