3-Hydroxyoctanoic acid
Based on 1 Customer Validation
3-Hydroxyoctanoic acid is a medium-chain β-hydroxy fatty acid that possesses antibacterial, antifungal, and quorum-sensing regulatory activities. 3-Hydroxyoctanoic acid is an endogenous agonist of the human HCAR3 receptor, decreases intracellular cAMP, reduces IL-1beta secretion, increases IL-10 secretion, and decreases ROS production in macrophages. 3-Hydroxyoctanoic acid inhibits quorum-sensing-regulated pyocyanin production in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 and inhibits the yeast-to-hypha transition in Candida albicans. 3-Hydroxyoctanoic acid is used in research related to metabolism, bacterial infections, and fungal infections.
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- Purity : 98.0%
- CAS No.: 14292-27-4
- 화학식: C8H16O3
- 분자량:160.21
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보관:Powder -20°C, 3 years , 4°C, 2 years ; In solvent -80°C, 6 months , -20°C, 1 month
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Biological Activity
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Chemical Information
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용액&용해도
- Protocol
- 순도&문서
- References
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Help & FAQs
All Endogenous Metabolite Isoforms
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Biological Activity
제품 설명
IC50 & Target
[1]|
IL-1β |
IL-10 |
HCAR3 |
In Vitro
3-Hydroxyoctanoic acid (3HO) induces a PTX-sensitive decrease in intracellular cAMP levels in THP-1-M1 macrophages, and this effect is abolished by HCA3 knockdown[1].
3-Hydroxyoctanoic acid does not activate ERK or AKT signaling in THP-1-M1 macrophages; it does not induce Ca2+ mobilization; and it does not stimulate IP1 accumulation[1].
3-Hydroxyoctanoic acid (1.5-9 mM; 48 h) shows no antiproliferative effect on human lung fibroblasts MRC5 at concentrations up to 9 mM[3].
3-Hydroxyoctanoic acid reduces IL-1β and increases IL-10 secretion, and decreases ROS production in THP-1-M1 macrophages[1].
3-Hydroxyoctanoic acid shifts macrophage metabolism toward a low-glycolytic phenotype by enhancing aerobic respiration and reducing glycolysis in THP-1-M1 macrophages[1].
3-Hydroxyoctanoic acid activates HCAR3 in adipocytes with a pEC50 of 5.1 and negatively regulates lipolysis[2].
3-Hydroxyoctanoic acid (compound 3) exhibits antimicrobial activity against both bacterial and fungal strains, with an MIC value of 6.24 mM against the tested bacteria and MIC values of 1.55 mM and 1.56 mM against C. albicans ATCC 10231 and M. gypseum ATCC 24102, respectively[3].
3-Hydroxyoctanoic acid exhibits weaker inhibition of hypha formation in C. albicans ATCC 10231 than octanoic acid[3].
3-Hydroxyoctanoic acid significantly inhibits pyocyanin production in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 at a concentration of 0.06 mM[3].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only. Further protocols information, click here.
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Cell Line:human lung fibroblast MRC5
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Concentration:0.3, 1.5, 3 mM
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Incubation Time:48 h
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Result:Showed no observable antiproliferative effect.
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 14292-27-4
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Appearance Solid
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분자량 160.21
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화학식 C8H16O3
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Color White to off-white
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SMILES
CCCCCC(O)CC(O)=O
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Structure Classification
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Initial Source
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선적
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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보관
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month
용액&용해도
In Vitro:
DMSO : 42.5 mg/mL (265.28 mM; ultrasonic and warming and heat to 60°C; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
H2O : 10 mg/mL (62.42 mM; Need ultrasonic)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
In Vivo:
Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.
- For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
- To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
- The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (15.60 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (15.60 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
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%DMSO +
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
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%+
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+%Tween-80 + +
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%Saline +
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL DMSO. Stock solution concentration: mg/mL.
1. Take μL DMSO stock solution;
2. Add μL .
μL , mix evenly;
3. Then add μL Tween 80, mix evenly;
4. Then add μL
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Protocol
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Research Protocol for Infectious Diseases
Infectious-disease experiments test how pathogens interact with host barriers, innate immune receptors, inflammatory signaling, pathogen replication, and tissue injury; pattern-recognition receptors such as TLRs, RIG-I-like receptors, NOD-like receptors, and inflammasomes detect microbial molecules and activate NF-κB, interferon, and cytokine responses. The central hypothesis is that infection severity reflects the balance between pathogen burden and host response: protective inflammation restricts pathogen growth, whereas excessive or mislocalized inflammation contributes to tissue damage and disease phenotype. Unresolved questions include which host pathways are protective versus pathogenic, why some infection models fail to translate to human disease, and which combined readouts best predict clinically relevant infection outcomes.
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ROS/oxidative-stress fluorescent staining
ROS/oxidative-stress fluorescent staining uses cell-permeant fluorogenic probes that become fluorescent after oxidation inside cells or tissues; commonly used examples include DCFH-DA/DCFDA for broad cellular oxidant detection, DHE for superoxide-related signal detection, MitoSOX for mitochondrial superoxide-related signal detection, and CellROX probes for oxidative-stress-associated fluorescence readouts. The assay detects probe oxidation rather than a single ROS species unless the probe and analysis method have been chemically validated for that species. DCFH-DA enters cells, is deacetylated by intracellular esterases to DCFH, and produces fluorescent DCF after oxidation, so the readout is used as an operational measure of total cellular oxidative stress rather than a species-specific ROS measurement. DHE and MitoSOX can report superoxide-related oxidation, but red fluorescence alone can include non-specific ethidium-like oxidation products; HPLC or optimized spectral approaches are
순도&문서
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Data Sheet (276 KB)
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SDS (393 KB)
- English - EN (393 KB)
- Français - FR (393 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (393 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (393 KB)
- Español - ES (393 KB)
- Swedish - SV (393 KB)
- Italian - IT (393 KB)
- Korean - KR (393 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (393 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| H2O / DMSO | 1 mM | 6.2418 mL | 31.2090 mL | 62.4181 mL | 156.0452 mL |
| 5 mM | 1.2484 mL | 6.2418 mL | 12.4836 mL | 31.2090 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.6242 mL | 3.1209 mL | 6.2418 mL | 15.6045 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.4161 mL | 2.0806 mL | 4.1612 mL | 10.4030 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.3121 mL | 1.5605 mL | 3.1209 mL | 7.8023 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.2497 mL | 1.2484 mL | 2.4967 mL | 6.2418 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.2081 mL | 1.0403 mL | 2.0806 mL | 5.2015 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.1560 mL | 0.7802 mL | 1.5605 mL | 3.9011 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.1248 mL | 0.6242 mL | 1.2484 mL | 3.1209 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.1040 mL | 0.5202 mL | 1.0403 mL | 2.6008 mL | |
| DMSO | 80 mM | 0.0780 mL | 0.3901 mL | 0.7802 mL | 1.9506 mL |
| 100 mM | 0.0624 mL | 0.3121 mL | 0.6242 mL | 1.5605 mL |
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
3-Hydroxyoctanoic acid Related Classifications
HY-113058 Related Classifications
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Keywords
- 3-Hydroxyoctanoic acid
- 14292-27-4
- Endogenous Metabolite
- Fungal
- Bacterial
- Interleukin Related
- Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)
- Hydroxycarboxylic Acid Receptor (HCAR)
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1
- diabetic ketoacidosis
- HCAR3
- human PMNs
- adipocyte lipolysis
- macrophage
- THP-1-M1 macrophages
- GPR84
- Alzheimer's disease
- Candida albicans
- Inhibitor
- inhibitor
- inhibit