2. Metabolic Enzyme/Protease GPCR/G Protein Cell Cycle/DNA Damage Others Immunology/Inflammation
  3. Endogenous Metabolite GPR35 Arrestin DNA/RNA Synthesis Drug Intermediate SOD
  4. DHICA

DHICA  (Synonyms: 5,6-Dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid)

Cat. No.: HY-W018158 Purity: 96.26%
COA
SDS
Handling Instructions Technical Support

DHICA (5,6-Dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid) is an eumelanin building block, GPR35 agonist and melanin synthesis intermediate. DHICA activates GPR35, triggering dynamic mass redistribution and β-arrestin translocation. DHICA interacts with DNA and interferes with Fpg activity. DHICA promotes the generation of single-strand breaks in plasmid DNA. DHICA increases the activity and expression levels of SOD and Catalase. DHICA is applicable to research related to skin cancer and colon cancer.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

DHICA

DHICA Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 4790-08-3

Size Price Stock Quantity
Solid + Solvent (Highly Recommended)
10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO
ready for reconstitution
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Solution
10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO In-stock
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Other Forms of DHICA:

DHICA Related Antibodies

Top Publications Citing Use of Products

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Human Endogenous Metabolite Microbial Metabolite

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Arrestin-2/β-Arrestin 1 Arrestin-3/β-Arrestin 2

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RNASE L DNA Polymerases RNA Polymerases Helicases DNA Ligase

  • Biological Activity

  • Purity & Documentation

  • References

  • Customer Review

Description

DHICA (5,6-Dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid) is an eumelanin building block, GPR35 agonist and melanin synthesis intermediate. DHICA activates GPR35, triggering dynamic mass redistribution and β-arrestin translocation. DHICA interacts with DNA and interferes with Fpg activity. DHICA promotes the generation of single-strand breaks in plasmid DNA. DHICA increases the activity and expression levels of SOD and Catalase. DHICA is applicable to research related to skin cancer and colon cancer[1][2][3].

IC50 & Target[1]

Human Endogenous Metabolite

 

Cellular Effect
Cell Line Type Value Description References
HT-29 EC50
23.6 3
Compound: 3, DHICA
Agonist activity at GPR35 in human HT-29 cells measured after 10 mins by dynamic mass redistribution assay
Agonist activity at GPR35 in human HT-29 cells measured after 10 mins by dynamic mass redistribution assay
[PMID: 24900508]
HT-29 EC50
23.6 3
Compound: 3, DHICA
Agonist activity at GPR35 in human HT-29 cells measured after 10 mins by dynamic mass redistribution assay
Agonist activity at GPR35 in human HT-29 cells measured after 10 mins by dynamic mass redistribution assay
[PMID: 24900508]
U2OS EC50
23.2 3
Compound: 3, DHICA
Agonist activity at human GPR35 expressed in U2OS cells coexpressing Gal4-VP16/beta-arrestin fusion protein after 5 hrs by tango beta-arrestin translocation reporter gene assay
Agonist activity at human GPR35 expressed in U2OS cells coexpressing Gal4-VP16/beta-arrestin fusion protein after 5 hrs by tango beta-arrestin translocation reporter gene assay
[PMID: 24900508]
U2OS EC50
23.2 3
Compound: 3, DHICA
Agonist activity at human GPR35 expressed in U2OS cells coexpressing Gal4-VP16/beta-arrestin fusion protein after 5 hrs by tango beta-arrestin translocation reporter gene assay
Agonist activity at human GPR35 expressed in U2OS cells coexpressing Gal4-VP16/beta-arrestin fusion protein after 5 hrs by tango beta-arrestin translocation reporter gene assay
[PMID: 24900508]
In Vitro

DHICA acts as a GPR35 agonist in native HT-29 colon cancer cells, triggering a DMR response with an EC50 of 23.6 ± 2.5 μM[1].
DHICA (5-50 μM; 24-72 h) inhibits the proliferation of primary normal human keratinocytes in a dose- and time-dependent manner[3].
DHICA (25-50 μM; 24-48 h) dose-dependently promotes the differentiation of primary normal human keratinocytes by upregulating the mRNA and protein expression of early and late differentiation markers[3].
DHICA (5-50 μM; 24-48 h) increases the activity and protein expression levels of the antioxidant enzymes SOD and catalase in primary normal human keratinocytes in a dose- and time-dependent manner[3].
DHICA (5-50 μM) protects primary normal human keratinocytes against UVA-induced cell damage, lipid peroxidation, and apoptosis[3].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

DHICA Related Antibodies
Molecular Weight

193.16

Formula

C9H7NO4
CAS No.
Appearance

Solid

Color

Gray to brown

SMILES

OC(C1=CC2=C(C=C(C(O)=C2)O)N1)=O
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
Storage
Powder -20°C 3 years
4°C 2 years
In solvent -80°C 6 months
-20°C 1 month
Solvent & Solubility
In Vitro: 

DMSO : 50 mg/mL (258.85 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

Preparing
Stock Solutions
Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 5.1771 mL 25.8853 mL 51.7706 mL
5 mM 1.0354 mL 5.1771 mL 10.3541 mL
View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

  • Molarity Calculator

  • Dilution Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass
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Concentration
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Volume
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Molecular Weight *

Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

Concentration (start)

C1

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Volume (start)

V1

=
Concentration (final)

C2

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Volume (final)

V2

In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

  • Protocol 1

    Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    40% PEG300    5% Tween-80    45% Saline

    Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (12.94 mM); Clear solution

    This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

    Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

    Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage

mg/kg

Animal weight
(per animal)

g

Dosing volume
(per animal)

μL

Number of animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
%
DMSO +
% 
+
%
Tween-80 +
%
Saline
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Calculation results:
Working solution concentration: mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL  DMSO (Stock solution concentration: mg/mL).
The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only. If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).
Method for preparing in vivo working solution for animal experiments: Take μL DMSO stock solution, add μL . μL , mix evenly, next add μL Tween 80, mix evenly, then add μL Saline.
 If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Purity & Documentation

Purity: 96.91%

SDS (396 KB)

COA (248 KB) HNMR (244 KB) RP-HPLC (259 KB) LCMS (86 KB)

Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Optional Solvent Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg
DMSO 1 mM 5.1771 mL 25.8853 mL 51.7706 mL 129.4264 mL
5 mM 1.0354 mL 5.1771 mL 10.3541 mL 25.8853 mL
10 mM 0.5177 mL 2.5885 mL 5.1771 mL 12.9426 mL
15 mM 0.3451 mL 1.7257 mL 3.4514 mL 8.6284 mL
20 mM 0.2589 mL 1.2943 mL 2.5885 mL 6.4713 mL
25 mM 0.2071 mL 1.0354 mL 2.0708 mL 5.1771 mL
30 mM 0.1726 mL 0.8628 mL 1.7257 mL 4.3142 mL
40 mM 0.1294 mL 0.6471 mL 1.2943 mL 3.2357 mL
50 mM 0.1035 mL 0.5177 mL 1.0354 mL 2.5885 mL
60 mM 0.0863 mL 0.4314 mL 0.8628 mL 2.1571 mL
80 mM 0.0647 mL 0.3236 mL 0.6471 mL 1.6178 mL
100 mM 0.0518 mL 0.2589 mL 0.5177 mL 1.2943 mL
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DHICA Related Classifications

Help & FAQs
  • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

    Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

Keywords:

DHICA4790-08-35,6-Dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acidEndogenous MetaboliteGPR35ArrestinDNA/RNA SynthesisDrug IntermediateSODG Protein-Coupled Receptor 35Drug IintermediateSuperoxide DismutaseeumelanindGuohuman keratinocytePPARαHT-29 colon cancer cellsDNAβ-arrestinFpg8-oxodGuoInhibitorinhibitorinhibit

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