2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
  4. Endogenous Metabolite

Endogenous Metabolite

Endogenous Metabolite

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Endogenous metabolites refer to the collective set of small-molecule chemical substances present within organelles, cells, organs, biological fluids, or entire organisms; their molecular weights are typically less than 1500 Da. These endogenous metabolites—including lipids, amino acids, short peptides, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, alcohols, and organic acids—not only participate in signal transduction governing genomic function but also receive upstream signals from the environment, thereby bridging the interrelationships among genotype, environment, and phenotype. Based on their biological functions, microbial endogenous metabolites can be broadly classified into two categories: primary metabolites and secondary metabolites. Primary metabolites are the core molecules essential for supporting microbial growth and proliferation; they serve to provide energy to the microbes or act as precursors and cofactors for the synthesis of biological macromolecules. In contrast, microbial secondary metabolites are a class of low-molecular-weight products that are not strictly essential for microbial growth. Nevertheless, microbial secondary metabolites include numerous substances—such as antibiotics, anti-tumor agents, and cholesterol-lowering agents—that are of critical importance to human health[1][2][3]. Furthermore, the metabolome of a biological organism is influenced by a variety of endogenous factors, including age, sex, body composition, genetic background, and underlying pathological states. The small-molecule metabolites within an organism are diverse and highly distinct; their levels are typically subject to the synergistic regulation of a vast array of enzymes and transport proteins, undergoing processes of synthesis, transformation, degradation, and compartmentalized distribution. Metabolomics research based on endogenous metabolites has been widely applied in the fields of metabolic disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and infectious diseases, where these metabolites hold potential utility as biomarkers or therapeutic targets[1][2][3].

Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Specific Products:

Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-113099S
    Indolelactic acid-d5
    		99.24%
    Indolelactic acid-d5 is the deuterium labeled Indolelactic acid. Indolelactic acid is a tryptophan (Trp) catabolite in Azotobacter vinelandii cultures.
    Indolelactic acid-d<sub>5</sub>
  • HY-113489
    14,15-Epoxyeicosatrienoic acid
    		99.9%
    14,15-Epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (14,15-EET) is a metabolite of Arachidonic acid (HY-109590). 14,15-Epoxyeicosatrienoic acid is a potent inhibitor of in vivo platelet aggregation. 14,15-Epoxyeicosatrienoic acid facilitates astrocytic Aβ clearance. 14,15-Epoxyeicosatrienoic acid can be used for Alzheimer's Disease research.
    14,15-Epoxyeicosatrienoic acid
  • HY-I0400R
    N-Acetylneuraminic acid (Standard)
    N-Acetylneuraminic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of N-Acetylneuraminic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. N-Acetylneuraminic acid (NANA; Lactaminic acid), a nonphenolic structure, is the predominant form of sialic from Collocalia esculenta. N-Acetylneuraminic acid plays a biological role in myocardial injury, melanoma and viral or bacterial infection. N-Acetylneuraminic acid inhibits melanogenesis by reducing tyrosinase activity and triggers myocardial injury in vitro and in vivo by activation of the Rho/Rho-associated signaling pathway through binding to RhoA and Cdc42. N-Acetylneuraminic acid may prevent high fat diet (HFD)-induced inflammation and oxidative stress, thereby prevents hyperlipidemia-associated inflammation and oxidative stress. N-Acetylneuraminic acid is promising for research in the field of melanoma, coronary artery, obesity-related diseases and hyperlipidemia.
    N-Acetylneuraminic acid (Standard)
  • HY-100804
    L-Cysteinesulfinic acid
    		99.96%
    L-Cysteinesulfinic acid is a potent agonist at several rat metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) with pEC50s of 3.92, 4.6, 3.9, 2.7, 4.0, and 3.94 for mGluR1, mGluR5, mGluR2, mGluR4, mGluR6, and mGluR8, respectively.
    L-Cysteinesulfinic acid
  • HY-W587978
    12β-Hydroxyisocholic acid
    		99.66%
    12β-Hydroxyisocholic acid (Lagocholic acid) is a bile acid isomer that can be used in the study of bile acid metabolism.
    12β-Hydroxyisocholic acid
  • HY-P2159
    Dynorphin A (1-8)
    		99.88%
    Dynorphin A (1-8) is a ligand with preference for the κ-opioid receptor, and its IC50 value against human placental κ-opioid receptor is 330 nM. Dynorphin A (1-8) mediates neuroprotective effects by inhibiting oxidative stress, suppressing apoptosis, and competitively displacing the binding of κ partial agonists. Dynorphin A (1-8) is the dominant opioid peptide in human placental villi and tissue extracts; it undergoes rapid hydrolysis and can enter the central nervous system via intranasal administration. Dynorphin A (1-8) can be used in studies related to ischemic stroke.
    Dynorphin A (1-8)
  • HY-P2800
    Diaphorase, Recombinant microorganisms
    Diaphorase, Recombinant microorganisms can be obtained from anaerobic sludge organisms. Diaphorase catalyzes biotransformation of hexahydro-1,3, 5-trinitro-1,3, 5-triazine (RDX) by denitrification.
    Diaphorase, Recombinant microorganisms
  • HY-N1420A
    Rhamnose monohydrate
    		99.95%
    Rhamnose monohydrate (L-Rhamnose monohydrate) is an orally active deoxysugar. Rhamnose monohydrate can inhibit levels of pro-inflammatory interleukin and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in skin aging models. Rhamnose can promote the phosphorylation levels of PKA substrates and HSL in SVF-derived adipocytes, stimulating PKA signaling. Rhamnose monohydrate can act against obesity in mice by stimulating fat dopamine receptors and inducing thermogenesis. Rhamnose monohydrate shows anti-aging effects. Rhamnose monohydrate can be used in the study of Ehrlich’s solid tumors and sarcomas.
    Rhamnose monohydrate
  • HY-E70014
    FAD-dependent glucose dehydrogenase
    FAD-dependent glucose dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.5.9), or glucose dehydrogenase (FAD)/Pseudomonas glucose dehydrogenase. FAD-dependent glucose dehydrogenase is insensitive to O2 and displays high substrate specificity to glucose and thus is especially attractive enzymes for use in glucose biosensor applications.
    FAD-dependent glucose dehydrogenase
  • HY-W004850
    Aminoacetone hydrochloride
    		99.44%
    Aminoacetone hydrochloride is an α-aminoketone and also a catabolite of threonine and glycine. When accumulated under pathological conditions, Aminoacetone hydrochloride participates in oxidative damage and protein dysfunction via the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and methylglyoxal, and it is associated with phenotypes such as diabetes, mitochondrial damage and sleep disorders.
    Aminoacetone hydrochloride
  • HY-128742
    Thiamine monophosphate chloride dihydrate
    		99.24%
    Thiamine monophosphate chloride dihydrate is a vitamin B1 (HY-A0100) metabolite and thiamine precursor. Thiamine monophosphate chloride dihydrate is absorbable in vivo and can be converted into thiamine. Thiamine monophosphate chloride dihydrate can be used as a food additive.
    Thiamine monophosphate chloride dihydrate
  • HY-B2233AS
    Calcium phosphorylcholine-d9 chloride
    		99.85%
    Calcium phosphorylcholine-d9 (chloride) is the deuterium labeled Calcium phosphorylcholine chloride. Calcium phosphorylcholine chloride is the main phospholipid component in eukaryotic biofilms. Calcium phosphorylcholine chloride exists in commensal or pathogenic bacteria associated with eukaryotes in prokaryotes. Calcium phosphorylcholine chloride exhibits a surprising range of immunomodulatory properties.
    Calcium phosphorylcholine-d<sub>9</sub> chloride
  • HY-116514
    (S)-(−)-Perillyl alcohol
    		98.0%
    (S)-(-)-Perillyl alcohol, a monoterpene, is an orally active farnesyl transferase and geranylgeranyl transferase inhibitor. (S)-(-)-Perillyl alcohol up-regulates the mannose-6-phosphate receptor, facilitating TGF-β1 activation and cytostasis,. (S)-(-)-Perillyl alcohol induces apoptosis in cancer cells, modulates cyclin D1 and AP-1 activity. (S)-(-)-Perillyl alcohol exhibits antitumor activity against sarcoma tumors in mice. (S)-(-)-Perillyl alcohol can be used for the research of squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus and sarcoma 180.
    (S)-(−)-Perillyl alcohol
  • HY-N0771S3
    L-Isoleucine-d10
    		99.89%
    L-Isoleucine-d10 is the deuterium labeled L-Isoleucine. L-isoleucine is a nonpolar hydrophobic amino acid. L-Isoleucine is an essential amino acid.
    L-Isoleucine-d<sub>10</sub>
  • HY-113221
    Isovalerylcarnitine
    		99.91%
    Isovalerylcarnitine is a metabolite of leucine. Isovalerylcarnitine can specifically activate calpain in human neutrophils. Isovalerylcarnitine inhibits tumor cell proliferation and induces apoptosis. Elevated circulating levels of Isovalerylcarnitine are negatively correlated with reduced lung cancer risk.
    Isovalerylcarnitine
  • HY-113165A
    Isobutyryl-L-carnitine chloride
    		98.0%
    Isobutyryl-L-carnitine chloride is a product of the acyl-CoA dehydrogenases.
    Isobutyryl-L-carnitine chloride
  • HY-P2983
    Angiotensin-converting enzyme
    Angiotensin-converting enzyme (Kininase II) is a dicarboxypeptidase, it converts inactive Angiotensin I (Ang I) to active Ang II and degrades active bradykinin (BK). Angiotensin-converting enzyme is a potent vasoconstrictor, is often used in biochemical studies.
    Angiotensin-converting enzyme
  • HY-41461A
    5-Amino-3H-imidazole-4-carboxamide hydrochloride
    		99.97%
    5-Amino-3H-imidazole-4-Carboxamide (AICA) hydrochloride is an important precursor for the synthesis of purines in general and of the nucleobases adenine and guanine in particular.
    5-Amino-3H-imidazole-4-carboxamide hydrochloride
  • HY-Y0418
    Dulcite
    		99.89%
    Dulcite (Dulcitol; Melampyrit; NSC 1944) is a sugar alcohol. Dulcite is produced by the reduction of galactose by aldose reductase in non-insulin-dependent cells.
    Dulcite
  • HY-10585R
    Valproic acid (Standard)
    Valproic acid (Dipropylacetic Acid) (Standard) is an analytical standard for valproic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Valproic acid is an orally active HDAC inhibitor (IC50=0.5-2 mM), inhibits the activity of HDAC1 (IC50=400 μM), and induces the degradation of HDAC2. Valproic acid activates Notch1 signaling and inhibits the proliferation of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cells. Valproic acid is used in the study of epilepsy, bipolar disorder, metabolic diseases, HIV infection, and migraine.
    Valproic acid (Standard)
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Comparison

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