2. Signaling Pathways
  3. NF-κB
  4. NF-κB
  5. RelA/p65 Isoform

RelA/p65

RelA/p65 is a transcriptionally active subunit of the NF-κB family and functions as a central regulator of inflammatory, immune, cell survival, and stress-response gene expression programs[1][2]. Upon activation of the canonical NF-κB pathway by pro-inflammatory cytokines, Toll-like receptor signaling, or other cellular stimuli, inhibitory IκB proteins are degraded, allowing RelA-containing NF-κB complexes to translocate into the nucleus and regulate target gene transcription[3][4]. The predominant NF-κB complex in most cell types is the p50-RelA (p65) heterodimer, which controls the expression of cytokines, chemokines, and survival-associated genes that coordinate innate and adaptive immune responses[5][6]. Mechanistically, RelA activity is further regulated by post-translational modifications, including phosphorylation, acetylation, methylation, and ubiquitination, which influence its transcriptional output across physiological and pathological conditions[2]. Dysregulated RelA signaling is strongly associated with chronic inflammation, immune disorders, metabolic disease, and cancer, making this pathway a major focus of translational research and therapeutic development[1][7][8]. In disease models, genetic or functional disruption of RelA alters inflammatory responses, cell survival, and immune activation, highlighting its essential biological role[9]. Compared with related NF-κB family members, RelA is distinguished by its prominent role in the canonical pathway and its widespread expression across tissues, whereas c-Rel is enriched in hematopoietic cells and RelB/p52 primarily mediates non-canonical NF-κB signaling[3][5]. For experimental applications, direct targeting of RelA/p65 and modulation of NF-κB nuclear activity are widely explored strategies for investigating inflammatory mechanisms and evaluating therapeutic interventions[1].

References:

RelA/p65 Related Products (54):

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity
  • HY-15027
    5-Aminosalicylic Acid
    		Inhibitor 99.97%
    5-Aminosalicylic acid (Mesalamine) acts as a specific PPARγ agonist and also inhibits p21-activated kinase 1 (PAK1) and NF-κB. 5-Aminosalicylic acid can inhibit the activity of osteopontin (OPN).
  • HY-14655
    Sulfasalazine
    		Inhibitor 99.57%
    Sulfasalazine (NSC 667219) is an anti-rheumatic agent for the research of rheumatoid arthritis and ulcerative colitis. Sulfasalazine can suppress NF-κB activity. Sulfasalazine is a type 1 ferroptosis inducer.
  • HY-125864
    Fibrinogen (Bovine)
    		Activator
    Fibrinogen (Bovine) is a selective proteolytic molecule that can be activated by thrombin to assemble fibrin clots. Fibrinogen can regulate the activation of NF-KB in endothelial cells and upregulate the expression of inflammatory chemokines MCP-1 and MCP-1. Fibrinogen plays a key role in blood clotting, thrombosis, atherosclerosis and the pathological development of venous grafts, and can be used in the study of blood clotting and vascular diseases.
  • HY-N0603
    20(S)-Ginsenoside Rg3
    		Inhibitor 99.82%
    20(S)-Ginsenoside Rg3 is the main component of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer. Ginsenoside Rg3 inhibits Na+ and hKv1.4 channel with IC50s of 32.2±4.5 and 32.6±2.2 μM, respectively. 20(S)-Ginsenoside Rg3 also inhibits Aβ levels, NF-κB activity, and COX-2 expression.
  • HY-N0045
    Ginsenoside Rg1
    		Inhibitor 99.88%
    Ginsenoside Rg1 is one of the major active components of Panax ginseng. Ginsenoside Rg1 ameliorates the impaired cognitive function, displays promising effects by reducing cerebral Aβ levels. Ginsenoside Rg1 also reduces NF-κB nuclear translocation.
  • HY-P10462A
    SAP15 acetate
    		Inhibitor 98.04%
    SAP15 (Synthetic anti-inflammatory peptide 15) acetate is a synthetic anti-inflammatory peptide consisting of 15 amino acids designed from human beta-defensin 3. SAP15 acetate has the ability to penetrate cells and is able to induce downregulation of intracellular inflammation. SAP15 acetate inhibits inflammation by inhibiting the phosphorylation of HDAC5 and thereby reducing the phosphorylation of NF-κB p65. SAP15 acetate inhibits HDAC5 and NF-κB p65 phosphorylation in LPS (HY-D1056)-induced macrophages. SAP15 acetate increases the expression of aggrecan and type II collagen and decreases the expression of osteocalcin in LPS-induced chondrocytes. SAP15 acetate can be used in the study of inflammation regulation and anti-inflammatory therapy of biomaterials.
  • HY-181837
    IKKβ-IN-7
    		Inhibitor
    IKKβ-IN-7 is an IKKβ inhibitor with an IC50 value of 9.44 μM. IKKβ-IN-7 induces DNA damage, S-phase cell cycle arrest, ROS accumulation, mitochondrial membrane potential loss, and apoptosis. IKKβ-IN-7 inhibits phosphorylation of p65 and IκBα, suppresses p65 nuclear translocation, and regulates NF-κB-controlled genes. IKKβ-IN-7 suppresses tumor growth in xenograft models and shows activity against colorectal cancer with low normal cell cytotoxicity. IKKβ-IN-7 can be used for the research of colorectal cancer.
  • HY-N17562
    Acutissimalignan B
    		Inhibitor
    Acutissimalignan B is a natural product. Acutissimalignan B can be isolated from Daphne kiusiana var. atrocaulis (Rehd.) F. Maekawa. Acutissimalignan B can reduce the mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines (iNOS, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6), inhibit the phosphorylation of IκBα, and inhibit the nuclear translocation of NK-κB p65. Acutissimalignan B shows anti-neuroinflammatory effects.
  • HY-10496
    SC75741
    		Inhibitor 99.24%
    SC75741 is a broad and efficient NF-κB inhibitor with an IC50 of 200 nM for p65. SC75741 blocks influenza viruses (IV) replication. SC75741 impairs DNA binding of the NF-κB subunit p65, resulting in reduced expression of cytokines, chemokines, and pro-apoptotic factors. SC75741 subsequently inhibits caspase activation and blocks caspase-mediated nuclear export of viral ribonucleoproteins.
  • HY-N0039
    Ginsenoside Rb1
    		Inhibitor 99.75%
    Ginsenoside Rb1, a main constituent of the root of Panax ginseng, inhibits Na+, K+-ATPase activity with an IC50 of 6.3±1.0 μM. Ginsenoside also inhibits IRAK-1 activation and phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 .
  • HY-14645
    (-)-DHMEQ
    		Inhibitor 99.81%
    (-)-DHMEQ (Dehydroxymethylepoxyquinomicin) is a potent, selective and irreversible NF-κB inhibitor that covalently binds to a cysteine residue. (-)-DHMEQ inhibits nuclear translocation of NF-κB and shows anti-inflammatory and anticancer activity.
  • HY-N0290
    Mangiferin
    		Inhibitor 99.92%
    Mangiferin is a Nrf2 activator. Mangiferin suppresses nuclear translocation of the NF-κB subunits p65 and p50. Mangiferin exhibits antioxidant, antidiabetic, antihyperuricemic, antiviral, anticancer and antiinflammatory activities.
  • HY-N0629
    Maslinic acid
    		Inhibitor 99.87%
    Maslinic acid can inhibit the DNA-binding activity of NF-κB p65 and abolish the phosphorylation of IκB-α, which is required for p65 activation.
  • HY-N0441
    Neferine
    		Inhibitor 99.92%
    Neferine is a major bisbenzylisoquinline alkaloid. Neferine strongly inhibits NF-κB activation.
  • HY-N0015
    Astragalin
    		Inhibitor 99.94%
    Astragalin (Astragaline) a flavonoid with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, bacteriostatic activity. Astragalin inhibits cancer cells proliferation and migration, induces apoptosis. Astragalin is orally active and provides nerve and heart protection, and resistance against and osteoporosis.
  • HY-N0722
    Neochlorogenic acid
    		Inhibitor 99.80%
    Neochlorogenic acid is a natural polyphenolic compound found in dried fruits and other plants. Neochlorogenic acid inhibits the production of TNF-α and IL-1β. Neochlorogenic acid suppresses iNOS and COX-2 protein expression. Neochlorogenic acid also inhibits phosphorylated NF-κB p65 and p38 MAPK activation.
  • HY-N0622
    Morusin
    		Inhibitor 99.54%
    Morusin is a prenylated flavonoid isolated from Morus alba Linn. with various biological activities, such as antitumor, antioxidant, and anti-bacteria property. Morusin could inhibit NF-κB and STAT3 activity.
  • HY-N0708
    Vanillic acid
    		Inhibitor 99.75%
    Vanillic acid is a flavoring agent found in edible plants and fruits, also found in Angelica sinensis. Vanillic acid inhibits NF-κB activation. Anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and chemopreventive effects.
  • HY-N2149
    Tomatidine
    		Inhibitor 98.85%
    Tomatidine acts as an anti-inflammatory agent by blocking NF-κB and JNK signaling. Tomatidine activates autophagy either in mammal cells or C elegans.
  • HY-N6673
    Okanin
    		Inhibitor 99.98%
    Okanin, effective constituent of the flower tea Coreopsis tinctoria, attenuates LPS-induced microglial activation through inhibition of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathways.