Afzelin (Synonyms: Kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside)

Name: Afzelin
Brand: MedChemExpress
SKU: HY-N1441
Rating: 5.0 (8 reviews)

Cat. No.: HY-N1441 Purity: 99.62%: Data Sheet
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Afzelin (Kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside)It is a flavonol glycoside that has anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative stress response, anti-apoptotic, and anti-cardiac cytotoxic effects. AfzelinIt can reduce mitochondrial damage, enhance mitochondrial biosynthesis, and reduce mitochondria-related proteins. Parkinand PTENinduced putative kinase 1 (putative kinase 1)s level. AfzelinCan be improved D-galactosamine(GalN)/LPSSurvival rate of mice treated with doxorubicin prophylaxis (HY-15142A)Induced cardiotoxicity and scopolamine (HY-N0296)-induced neurological injury. AfzelinAlso inhibits asthma and allergies caused by ovalbumin.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

CAS No. : 482-39-3

Size	Stock	Quantity
Solid + Solvent (Highly Recommended)
10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO ready for reconstitution	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
Solution
10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
Solid
1 mg	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
5 mg	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
10 mg	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
25 mg	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
50 mg	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
100 mg	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
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Based on 8 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Other Forms of Afzelin:

Afzelin (Standard) In-stock

8 Publications Citing Use of MCE Afzelin

Cell Proliferation/Viability Assay

Cell Migration/Invasion Assay

Apoptosis Analysis

Flow Cytometry

: Afzelin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: BMC Cancer. 2024 Sep 27;24(1):1189. [Abstract]; HL-60 and THP-1 cells were treated with different concentrations of Afzelin (0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 µM) for 24 h, and cell viability was detected by the CCK-8 assay.

: Afzelin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: BMC Cancer. 2024 Sep 27;24(1):1189. [Abstract]; The migration and invasion of HL-60 and THP-1 cells after treatment with 30 µM Afzelin for 24 h were detected by Transwell assay.

: Afzelin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: BMC Cancer. 2024 Sep 27;24(1):1189. [Abstract]; The apoptosis of HL-60 and THP-1 cells after treatment with 30 µM Afzelin for 24 h were detected by flow cytometry.

: Afzelin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: BMC Cancer. 2024 Sep 27;24(1):1189. [Abstract]; The cell cycle of HL-60 and THP-1 cells after treatment with 30 µM Afzelin for 24 h were detected by flow cytometry.

: Afzelin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: BMC Cancer. 2024 Sep 27;24(1):1189. [Abstract]; Protein levels of p-RPS6KA1, p-ERK1/2, p-JNK, p-p38, and p-MCL-1 in HL-60 and THP-1 cells treated with 30 µM Afzelin for 24 h were detected by Western blot.

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Description

Cellular Effect

Cell Line	Type	Value	Description	References
BMDC	IC₅₀	>50 μM Compound: 18	Inhibition of LPS-induced IL-12 p40 production in wild-type C57BL/6 mouse BMDC pretreated with compound for 1 hr before LPS treatment measured 16 hrs by ELISA Inhibition of LPS-induced IL-12 p40 production in wild-type C57BL/6 mouse BMDC pretreated with compound for 1 hr before LPS treatment measured 16 hrs by ELISA	[PMID: 25769817]
BMDC	IC₅₀	>50 μM Compound: 18	Inhibition of LPS-induced IL-6 production in wild-type C57BL/6 mouse BMDC pretreated with compound for 1 hr before LPS treatment measured 16 hrs by ELISA Inhibition of LPS-induced IL-6 production in wild-type C57BL/6 mouse BMDC pretreated with compound for 1 hr before LPS treatment measured 16 hrs by ELISA	[PMID: 25769817]
BMDC	IC₅₀	>50 μM Compound: 18	Inhibition of LPS-induced TNF-alpha production in wild-type C57BL/6 mouse BMDC pretreated with compound for 1 hr before LPS treatment measured 16 hrs by ELISA Inhibition of LPS-induced TNF-alpha production in wild-type C57BL/6 mouse BMDC pretreated with compound for 1 hr before LPS treatment measured 16 hrs by ELISA	[PMID: 25769817]
BV-2	IC₅₀	>50 μM Compound: 24	Inhibition of iNOS-mediated NO production in LPS-induced mouse BV2 cells Inhibition of iNOS-mediated NO production in LPS-induced mouse BV2 cells	[PMID: 18926710]
Sf9	IC₅₀	4.37 μM Compound: 4, trihydroxy-SL0101	Inhibition of RSK expressed in SF9 cells Inhibition of RSK expressed in SF9 cells	[PMID: 17512736]

In Vitro

Afzelin (20-80 μM; 12 h) protects the viability of cardiomyocyte H9C2 cells and resists toxicity induced by DOX (1 μM; 12 h)^[2].
The anti-cardiotoxic effect of Afzelin is inhibited by AMPKα. Agent Dorsomorphin to eliminate^[2].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Cell Viability Assay^[2]

Cell Line:	Cardiomyocyte H9C2 cells
Concentration:	20, 40, and 80 μM
Incubation Time:	12 h, 24 h
Result:	Was safe and non-toxic to H9C2 cells even under 80 μM concentration. Reversed the effect of DOX, sunch that decreased the cell survival rate, and elevated apoptotic rate, as well as induced the oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in H9C2 cells.

In Vivo

Afzelin (5, 10 mg/kg/day; po; 20 days) attenuates DOX toxicity-induced cardiac injury in a concentration-dependent manner. Afzelin exerts cardioprotective effects by upregulating p-AMP-activated protein kinase α (AMPKα) and Sirtuin1 (SIRT1) levels^[2].
Afzelin (0.1-10 mg/kg/day; po; for 5 days) reduces the asthma phenotype by downregulating the GATA-binding protein 3 transcription factor (GATA3) in mouse models of asthma. Afzelin inhibits GATA3 and reduces Th2 cytokines, while GATA3 is the main regulator of Th2 cytokine differentiation and production^[3].
Afzelin (100 ng/μL vis icv; 3 times a week for 1 month) ameliorates synaptic plasticity and cognitive/memory behaviors in mice given Scopolamine (HY-N0296)^[4].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model:	C57BL/6 Mouse^[2]
Dosage:	5 mg/kg/day, 10 mg/kg/day
Administration:	Oral gavage for 20 days, while C57BL/6 mouse were treated with 4 mg/kg/d (ip, injected at day 1, 7, 14) DXO for 3 doses.
Result:	Attenuated DOX-induced cardiac damage and reduced serum levels of alanine aminotransferase and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Also upregulated the expression of p-AMP-activated protein kinase α (AMPKα) and Sirtuin1 (SIRT1).

Animal Model:	Asthma murine model sensitized by ovalbumin (OVA)^[3]
Dosage:	0.1, 1 and 10 mg/kg
Administration:	PO; once daily from day 19 to day 23
Result:	Suppressed eosinophil infiltration, allergic airway inflammation, airway hyperresponsiveness, OVA-specific IgE and Th2 cytokine secretion.

Animal Model:	Scopolamine induced mouse model^[4]
Dosage:	100 ng/μL
Administration:	ICV, administered into the third ventricle of the hypothalamus; 3 time per week for 1 month
Result:	Resulted the restoration of the cholinergic systems and molecular signal transduction via CREB-BDNF pathways. Led to improved neurocognitive and neuroprotective effects on synaptic plasticity and behaviors partly through the increase in CREB-BDNF signaling.

Molecular Weight

432.38

Formula

C₂₁H₂₀O₁₀

CAS No.

482-39-3

Appearance

Solid

SMILES

O=C1C(O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](C)O2)O)O)O)=C(C3=CC=C(O)C=C3)OC4=CC(O)=CC(O)=C14

Structure Classification

Initial Source

Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Storage

4°C, protect from light

*In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light)

Solvent & Solubility

In Vitro:

DMSO : 116.67 mg/mL (269.83 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

Ethanol : 12.5 mg/mL (28.91 mM; Need ultrasonic)

Preparing
Stock Solutions

Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg

1 mM	2.3128 mL	11.5639 mL	23.1278 mL
5 mM	0.4626 mL	2.3128 mL	4.6256 mL
10 mM	0.2313 mL	1.1564 mL	2.3128 mL

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Molarity Calculator
Dilution Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Concentration _(start) × Volume _(start) = Concentration _(final) × Volume _(final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C₁V₁ = C₂V₂

Concentration _(start)

Volume _(start)

Concentration _(final)

Volume _(final)

In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: 10% EtOH 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (5.78 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL EtOH stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Protocol 2

Add each solvent one by one: 10% EtOH 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (5.78 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL EtOH stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
Protocol 3

Add each solvent one by one: 10% EtOH 90% Corn Oil
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (5.78 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL EtOH stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator

Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage

mg/kg

Animal weight
(per animal)

Dosing volume
(per animal)

μL

Number of animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Please enter your animal formula composition:

DMSO +

Tween-80 +

Saline

Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.

The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).

Calculation results:

Working solution concentration: mg/mL

Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL DMSO (Stock solution concentration: mg/mL).

*In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light)

The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only. If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).

Method for preparing in vivo working solution for animal experiments: Take μL DMSO stock solution, add μL . μL , mix evenly, next add μL Tween 80, mix evenly, then add μL Saline.

If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.

Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.

Purity & Documentation

Purity: 99.62%

Select Batch:

Data Sheet (286 KB) SDS (393 KB)

COA (257 KB) HNMR (822 KB) RP-HPLC (100 KB)

Handling Instructions (2659 KB)

References

[1]. Lee SB, et al. Afzelin ameliorates D-galactosamine and lipopolysaccharide-induced fulminant hepatic failure by modulating mitochondrial quality control and dynamics. Br J Pharmacol. 2017 Jan;174(2):195-209. [Content Brief]

[2]. Sun Y, et al. Afzelin protects against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by promoting the AMPKα/SIRT1 signaling pathway. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2023 Oct 15;477:116687. [Content Brief]

[3]. Zhou W, et al. Afzelin attenuates asthma phenotypes by downregulation of GATA3 in a murine model of asthma. Mol Med Rep. 2015 Jul;12(1):71-6. [Content Brief]

[4]. Oh SY, et al. Central administration of afzelin extracted from Ribes fasciculatum improves cognitive and memory function in a mouse model of dementia. Sci Rep. 2021 Apr 28;11(1):9182. [Content Brief]

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg

Ethanol / DMSO	1 mM	2.3128 mL	11.5639 mL	23.1278 mL	57.8195 mL
	5 mM	0.4626 mL	2.3128 mL	4.6256 mL	11.5639 mL
	10 mM	0.2313 mL	1.1564 mL	2.3128 mL	5.7820 mL
	15 mM	0.1542 mL	0.7709 mL	1.5419 mL	3.8546 mL
	20 mM	0.1156 mL	0.5782 mL	1.1564 mL	2.8910 mL
	25 mM	0.0925 mL	0.4626 mL	0.9251 mL	2.3128 mL
DMSO	30 mM	0.0771 mL	0.3855 mL	0.7709 mL	1.9273 mL
	40 mM	0.0578 mL	0.2891 mL	0.5782 mL	1.4455 mL
	50 mM	0.0463 mL	0.2313 mL	0.4626 mL	1.1564 mL
	60 mM	0.0385 mL	0.1927 mL	0.3855 mL	0.9637 mL
	80 mM	0.0289 mL	0.1445 mL	0.2891 mL	0.7227 mL
	100 mM	0.0231 mL	0.1156 mL	0.2313 mL	0.5782 mL

Afzelin Related Classifications

Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology Infection Cardiovascular Disease

Help & FAQs

Do most proteins show cross-species activity?
Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

Keywords:

Afzelin482-39-3Kaempferol-3-O-rhamnosideAutophagyPTENBacterialMitochondrial MetabolismPhosphatase and tensin homologMMAC1AMPKα/SIRT1 signaling pathwayCardiotoxicityInhibitorinhibitorinhibit

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Afzelin (Synonyms: Kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside)

Customer Review

Other Forms of Afzelin:

Afzelin Related Antibodies

8 Publications Citing Use of MCE Afzelin

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•Related Screening Libraries:

•Related Small Molecules:

•Related Proteins:

Biological Activity

Purity & Documentation

References

Customer Review

Afzelin Related Antibodies

Molarity Calculator

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Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Afzelin Related Classifications

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