Chenodeoxycholic Acid  (Synonyms: CDCA)

Chenodeoxycholic Acid is a hydrophobic primary bile acid that activates nuclear receptors (FXR) involved in cholesterol metabolism.

Chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) and Deoxycholic acid (DCA) both inhibit 11 beta HSD2 with IC₅₀ values of 22 mM and 38 mM, respectively and causes cortisol-dependent nuclear translocation and increases transcriptionalactivity of mineralocorticoid receptor (MR)^[1]. Chenodeoxycholic acid is able to stimulate Ishikawa cell growth by inducing a significant increase in Cyclin D1 protein and mRNA expression through the activation of the membrane G protein-coupled receptor (TGR5)-dependent pathway^[2]. Chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) induces LDL receptor mRNA levels approximately 4 fold and mRNA levels for HMG-CoA reductase and HMG-CoA synthase two fold in a cultured human hepatoblastoma cell line, Hep G2^[3]. Chenodeoxycholic acid-induced Isc is inhibited (≥67%) by Bumetanide, BaCl₂, and the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) inhibitor CFTRinh-172. Chenodeoxycholic acid-stimulated Isc is decreased 43% by the adenylate cyclase inhibitor MDL12330A and Chenodeoxycholic acid increases intracellular cAMP concentration^[4]. Chenodeoxycholic acid treatment activates C/EBPβ, as shown by increases in its phosphorylation, nuclear accumulation, and expression in HepG2 cells. Chenodeoxycholic acid enhances luciferase gene transcription from the construct containing -1.65-kb GSTA2 promoter, which contains C/EBP response element (pGL-1651). Chenodeoxycholic acid treatment activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which leads to extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) activation, as evidenced by the results of experiments using a dominant-negative mutant of AMPKα and chemical inhibitor^[5].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

392.57

C₂₄H₄₀O₄

474-25-9

Solid

White to off-white

O=C(O)CC[C@@H](C)[C@]1([H])[C@]2(C)[C@](CC1)([H])[C@]3([H])[C@H](O)C[C@@](C4)([H])[C@@](CC[C@H]4O)(C)[C@]([H])3CC2

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

RT, protect from light

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 1 year. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 6 months.

• [1]. Stauffer AT, et al. Chenodeoxycholic acid and deoxycholic acid inhibit 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 and cause cortisol-induced transcriptional activation of the mineralocorticoid receptor. J Biol Chem. 2002 Jul 19;277(29):26286-92  [Content Brief]

  [2]. Casaburi I, et al. Chenodeoxycholic acid through a TGR5-dependent CREB signaling activation enhances cyclin D1 expression and promotes human endometrial cancer cell proliferation. Cell Cycle. 2012 Jul 15;11(14):2699-710  [Content Brief]

  [3]. Kawabe Y, et al. The molecular mechanism of the induction of the low density lipoprotein receptor by chenodeoxycholic acid in cultured human cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1995 Mar 8;208(1):405-11.  [Content Brief]

  [4]. Ao M, et al. Chenodeoxycholic acid stimulates Cl(-) secretion via cAMP signaling and increases cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator phosphorylation in T84 cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2013 Aug 15;305(4):C447-56  [Content Brief]

  [5]. Noh K, et al. Farnesoid X receptor activation by chenodeoxycholic acid induces detoxifying enzymes through AMP-activated protein kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2-mediated phosphorylation of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β. Drug Metab  [Content Brief]