2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-B0218R
    Orlistat (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Orlistat (Standard) is the analytical standard of Orlistat. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Orlistat (Tetrahydrolipstatin) is a well-known irreversible inhibitor of pancreatic and gastric lipases. Orlistat is also an inhibitor of fatty acid synthase (FASN), is used orally for long-term research of obesity. Anti-atherosclerotic effect.
    Orlistat (Standard)
  • HY-W010983
    SC-236
    		Inducer 99.59%
    SC-236 is an orally active COX-2 specific inhibitor (IC50 = 10 nM) and a PPARγ agonist. SC-236 suppresses activator protein-1 (AP-1) through c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase. SC-236 exerts anti-inflammatory effects by suppressing phosphorylation of ERK in a murine model.
    SC-236
  • HY-116514
    (S)-(−)-Perillyl alcohol
    		Inducer 98.0%
    (S)-(-)-Perillyl alcohol, a monoterpene, is an orally active farnesyl transferase and geranylgeranyl transferase inhibitor. (S)-(-)-Perillyl alcohol up-regulates the mannose-6-phosphate receptor, facilitating TGF-β1 activation and cytostasis,. (S)-(-)-Perillyl alcohol induces apoptosis in cancer cells, modulates cyclin D1 and AP-1 activity. (S)-(-)-Perillyl alcohol exhibits antitumor activity against sarcoma tumors in mice. (S)-(-)-Perillyl alcohol can be used for the research of squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus and sarcoma 180.
    (S)-(−)-Perillyl alcohol
  • HY-N0617
    Sanggenon C
    		Inducer 98.46%
    Sanggenon C, a flavonoid, exerts protective effects against cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis via suppression of the calcineurin/NFAT2 pathway. Sanggenon C inhibits mitochondrial fission to induce apoptosis by blocking the ERK signaling pathway. Sanggenon C inhibits inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in RAW264.7 cells, and TNF-α-stimulated cell adhesion and VCAM-1 expression, by suppressing NF-κB activity. Sanggenon C possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antitumor activities.
    Sanggenon C
  • HY-N2877
    Annonacin
    		Inducer 98.09%
    Annonacin is an acetylgenin that is toxic by inhibiting the pathway of the mitochondrial complex. Annonacin increases tau phosphorylation in R406W+/+ mice. Annonacin acts as an inhibitor of the sodium/potassium and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SERCA) ATPase pumps. Annonacin has significant killing effect on ovarian cancer cell, cervical cancer cell, breast cancer cell, bladder cancer cell and skin cancer cell. Annonacin induces apoptosis through Bax and Caspase-3-related pathways.
    Annonacin
  • HY-N6958
    2-O-β-D-Glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid
    		Inducer 99.98%
    2-O-β-D-Glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid (AA-2βG) is an orally active vitamin C derivative. 2-O-β-D-Glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid exhibits multiple activities including antioxidant, anti-tumor and immunomodulatory effects. 2-O-β-D-Glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid mediates tumor cell apoptosis, induces cell cycle arrest, scavenges free radicals and eliminates oxidative stress. 2-O-β-D-Glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid can be used in studies related to cancer, inflammation and immunity.
    2-O-β-D-Glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid
  • HY-124577
    MDI-2268
    		Inhibitor 99.73%
    MDI-2268 is an inhibitor of plasma kallikrein inhibitor 1 (PAI-1). MDI-2268 has good antithrombotic properties and regulates blood coagulation and fibrinolysis process by enhancing fibrinolysis. MDI-2268 can be used in research areas such as deep vein thrombosis.
    MDI-2268
  • HY-120140
    Ganoderic acid DM
    		Inducer 99.87%
    Ganoderic acid DM, a natural triterpenoid isolated from Ganoderma lucidum, induces DNA damage, G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human breast cancer cells. Ganoderic acid DM as a specific inhibitor of osteoclastogenesis.
    Ganoderic acid DM
  • HY-19820A
    NSC45586 sodium
    		Inhibitor 98.0%
    NSC45586 sodium is an inhibitor of PHLPP. NSC45586 sodium targets the PP2C phosphatase domains of PHLPP1 and PHLPP2, blocks the phosphatase activity of PHLPP, increases the expression level of FOXO1 in the nucleus, and reduces the protein expression of PHLPP1. NSC45586 sodium activates the AKT survival signaling pathway, enhances IGF-1-induced AKT activation, and inhibits the phosphorylation of AKT/ERK under basal conditions. NSC45586 sodium reduces staurosporine-induced neuronal death, preserves notochord cell morphology and KRT19 expression, inhibits cell apoptosis (apoptosis), improves the viability and proliferation of nucleus pulposus cells, upregulates the expression of ACAN/SOX9, and downregulates the expression of MMP13. NSC45586 sodium binds tightly to bovine serum albumin (bovine serum albumin), and exerts a more significant effect on nucleus pulposus in male individuals. NSC45586 sodium can be used in studies related to global cerebral ischemia and intervertebral disc degeneration.
    NSC45586 sodium
  • HY-N0849
    Dictamine
    		Inducer 99.16%
    Dictamnine (Dictamine) exhibits cytotoxicity to human cervical and colon cancer cells and also has antibacterial and antifungal activities.
    Dictamine
  • HY-100544
    FLLL32
    		Inducer 99.78%
    FLLL32, a synthetic analog of curcumina, is a JAK2/STAT3 dual inhibitor with anti-tumor activity. FLLL32 can inhibit the induction of STAT3 phosphorylation by IFNα and IL-6 in breast cancer cells.
    FLLL32
  • HY-133490A
    ST1074
    		Inducer 99.41%
    ST1074 is a dual CerS2/CerS4 inhibitor that induces apoptosis. ST1074 can be used in cancer research.
    ST1074
  • HY-P0144
    Thrombospondin-1 (1016-1023) (human, bovine, mouse)
    		Inducer 98.75%
    Thrombospondin-1 (1016-1023) (human, bovine, mouse), is the C-terminal end of the native sequence of Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), is a CD47 agonist peptide.
    Thrombospondin-1 (1016-1023) (human, bovine, mouse)
  • HY-120897
    NS-3-008 hydrochloride
    		99.67%
    NS-3-008 hydrochloride is an orally active transcriptional inhibitor of G0/G1 switch 2 (G0s2) with an IC50 of 2.25 μM. NS-3-008 hydrochloride can be used for chronic kidney disease.
    NS-3-008 hydrochloride
  • HY-N6046
    Kamebakaurin
    		Inducer 99.64%
    Kamebakaurin is an orally active diterpenoid compound that can be isolated from Isodon excia (Maxin.). Kamebakaurin can inhibit NF-κB activation by directly targeting the DNA-binding activity of p50. Kamebakaurin can induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in tumor cells. Kamebakaurin has anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor activities.
    Kamebakaurin
  • HY-N0534
    Vitexin-2"-O-rhamnoside
    		Inhibitor 99.78%
    Vitexin-2"-O-rhamnoside is an orally active flavonoid glycoside. Vitexin-2"-O-rhamnoside inhibits Apoptosis, increases the phosphorylation levels of PI3K/Akt, inhibits caspase-3, SOD activity, and promotes cytokine (IL-2, IL-6, and IL-12) secretion. Vitexin-2"-O-rhamnoside strongly inhibits DNA synthesis in MCF-7 cells with an IC50 of 17.5 μM. Vitexin-2"-O-rhamnoside enhances immune function and improves the absorption of active compounds. Vitexin-2"-O-rhamnoside has antioxidant activity. Vitexin-2"-O-rhamnoside is used in the study of cardiovascular disease and immune-related diseases.
    Vitexin-2
  • HY-19759
    SRT 2183
    		Inducer 98.06%
    SRT 2183 is a selective Sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) activator with an EC1.5 value of 0.36 μM. SRT 2183 induces growth arrest and apoptosis, concomitant with deacetylation of STAT3 and NF-κB, and reduction of c-Myc protein levels.
    SRT 2183
  • HY-163084
    HJ445A
    		Inducer 98.02%
    HJ445A is an orally active myoferlin (MYOF) inhibitor with a Kd value of 0.17 μM against human targets. HJ445A directly binds to the MYOF-C2D domain to stabilize the MYOF protein, thereby regulating vesicle trafficking, cell proliferation, colony formation, migration and apoptosis processes in cancer cells, and exhibits anti-tumor efficacy. HJ445A can be used in gastric cancer-related research.
    HJ445A
  • HY-P99296
    Intetumumab
    		Inducer 99.24%
    Intetumumab (CNTO 95) is a human monoclonal antibody targeting αv integrin, with a Kd value of 1-24 nM. Through high-affinity binding to αv integrin, Intetumumab inhibits its interaction with extracellular matrix proteins (such as vitronectin and fibronectin), thereby blocking the downstream focal adhesion kinase signaling pathway. This further inhibits the adhesion, migration and invasion of tumor cells as well as the proliferation of vascular endothelial cells, promotes cell apoptosis, and exerts anti-tumor and anti-angiogenic effects. Intetumumab can be used in research related to head and neck cancer, non-small cell lung cancer and uterine serous papillary carcinoma.
    Intetumumab
  • HY-116506
    Bigelovin
    		Inducer 99.92%
    Bigelovin, a sesquiterpene lactone isolated from Inula hupehensis, is a selective retinoid X receptor α agonist. Bigelovin suppresses tumor growth through inducing apoptosis and autophagy via the inhibition of mTOR pathway regulated by ROS generation.
    Bigelovin
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity