2. シグナル伝達
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

製品番号 製品名 製品効果 純度 構造式
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    Deoxyshikonin Inducer 99.96%
    Deoxyshikonin increases the expression of VEGF-C and VEGF-A mRNA in HMVEC-dLy, promotes HIF-1α and HIF-1β subunit interaction and binds to specific DNA sequences targeted by HIF. Deoxyshikonin inhibited colorectal cancer (CRC) through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Deoxyshikonin has proangiogenesis effect and antitumor activity. Deoxyshikonin is an antibacterial agent against methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and S. pneumonia (MIC=17 μg/mL).
    Deoxyshikonin
  • HY-W250116
    Co(III) protoporphyrin IX chloride

    Co(III) protoporphyrin IX chloride

    		Inhibitor
    Co(III) protoporphyrin IX chloride (Protoporphyrin IX cobaltic chloride) is an inducer of HO-1. Co(III) protoporphyrin IX chloride has activities such as anti-inflammation and antibacterial properties. Co(III) protoporphyrin IX chloride can also be used in the research of ischemia-reperfusion injury models.
    Co(III) protoporphyrin IX chloride
  • HY-128707
    Z-LEVD-FMK Inhibitor 98.0%
    Z-LEVD-FMK is a cell-permeable caspase-4 inhibitor. Z-LEVD-FMK blocks ER stress-induced apoptosis in cancer cells.
    Z-LEVD-FMK
  • HY-18981
    Decursin

    Decursin

    		Inducer 99.92%
    Decursin ((+)-Decursin) is a potent anti-tumor agent. Decursin also is a cytotoxic agent and a potent protein kinase C activator. Decursin induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G1 phase. Decursin decreases the expression of CDK2, CDK4, CDK6, cyclin D1 protein at 48 h. Decursin inhibits cell proliferation and migration. Decursin shows anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities.
    Decursin
  • HY-100806R
    Kynurenic acid (Standard) Inducer
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    Kynurenic acid (Standard)
  • HY-N0753
    Eupalinolide B Inducer 99.48%
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    Eupalinolide B
  • HY-B1248
    Chlorhexidine

    クロルヘキシジン

    		Inducer 99.60%
    Chlorhexidine is a orally active cationic antimicrobial agent that targets microbial cell membranes. Chlorhexidine binds to cell membrane phospholipids non-specifically, destroys membrane structure and induces leakage of cell contents. Chlorhexidine has broad-spectrum bactericidal activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Chlorhexidine can interfere with membrane permeability, cause protein precipitation and energy metabolism disorders, such as rapid inhibition of microbial growth and induction of cell death (necrosis or apoptosis).
    Chlorhexidine
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    Methyl pyruvate Inducer 99.91%
    Methyl pyruvate is a methyl ester derivative of pyruvic acid. Methyl pyruvate induces insulin release and membrane depolarization. Methyl pyruvate rescues proteasome damage and nuclear localization of TdP-43 caused by overexpression of σ1RE102Q by enhancing ATP synthesis. Methyl pyruvate selectively protects normal lung fibroblasts from cell death induced by Irinotecan (HY-16562). Methyl pyruvate promotes apoptosis and necrosis in cancer cells and downregulates angiogenesis and cell cycle pathways. Methyl pyruvate is an effective substrate for dihydrodihydrogen dehydrogenase.
    Methyl pyruvate
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    D-Saccharic acid 1,4-lactone hydrate

    D-Saccharic acid 1,4-lactone (hydrate)

    		99.98%
    D-Saccharic acid 1,4-lactone hydrate is an orally active β-glucuronidase inhibitor (IC50=48.4 μM). D-Saccharic acid 1,4-lactone hydrate can be used as a standard agent compared with novel β-glucuronidase inhibitors. D-Saccharic acid 1,4-lactone hydrate possesses anticarcinogenic, detoxifying, and antioxidant properties.
    D-Saccharic acid 1,4-lactone hydrate
  • HY-142870
    ZY-444 Inducer 99.51%
    ZY-444 is an anti-cancer agent, targeting pyruvate carboxylase (PC). ZY-444 suppresses the Wnt/β-catenin/Snail signaling pathway by blocking nuclear translocation of β-catenin. ZY-444 selectively inhibits proliferation, migration, and invasion and induces apoptosis in cancer cells. ZY-444 exhibits potent anti-tumor in cancer mouse models. ZY-444 can be used for the study of breast cancer, lung cancer (NSCLC), prostate cancer and iodine-refractory thyroid cancer.
    ZY-444
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    MOTS-c (human) is a blood-brain barrier-penetrating, mitochondrial-derived peptide that modulates the AMPK/PGC-1α pathway to enhance insulin sensitivity. MOTS-c (human) inhibits the folate cycle and de novo purine synthesis, increases AICAR levels to activate AMPK, and then regulates the Nrf2/Keap1 antioxidant pathway and inhibits the NF-κB inflammatory pathway, while promoting mitochondrial biogenesis and energy metabolism. MOTS-c (human) has the effects of improving glucose and lipid metabolism, anti-oxidative stress, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotection, and can be used in the study of type 2 diabetes, traumatic brain injury, inflammatory diseases and aging-related metabolic disorders.
    MOTS-c (human)
  • HY-12468
    A-1210477

    A-1210477

    		Inducer 99.86%
    A-1210477 is a potent and selective inhibitor of MCL-1 with a Ki of 0.45 nM. A-1210477 specifically binds MCL-1 and promotes apoptosis of cancer cells in an MCL-1-dependent manner.
    A-1210477
  • HY-15609
    AZD-3463

    AZD-3463

    		Inducer 99.31%
    AZD-3463 (ALK/IGF1R inhibitor) is an orally active ALK/IGF1R inhibitor, with a Ki of 0.75 nM for ALK. AZD3463 induces apoptosis and autophagy in neuroblastoma cells.
    AZD-3463
  • HY-19564
    JX06

    JX06

    		Inducer 99.78%
    JX06 is a potent, selective and covalent inhibitor of PDK. JX06 inhibits PDK1, PDK2 and PDK3 with IC50s of 49 nM, 101 nM, and 313 nM, respectively. JX06 inhibits PDK1 activity via covalently binding to a cysteine residue in an irreversible manner. JX06 shows significant antitumor activity.
    JX06
  • HY-141429A
    AS-99 TFA Inducer 98.89%
    AS-99 TFA is a first-in-class, potent and selective ASH1L histone methyltransferase inhibitor (IC50= 0.79 μM, Kd= 0.89 μM) with anti-leukemic activity. AS-99 TFA blocks cell proliferation, induces apoptosis and differentiation, downregulates MLL fusion target genes, and reduces the leukemia burden in vivo.
    AS-99 TFA
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    Oprozomib Inducer 99.76%
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  • HY-N0271
    Echinocystic acid

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    		Inducer 99.00%
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    		Inhibitor 99.64%
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    Apostatin-1
  • HY-B0424
    Nitrendipine

    ニトレンジピン

    		Inducer 99.71%
    Nitrendipine (BAY-E-5009) is an orally active analog of Nifedipine (HY-B0284) and dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker. Nitrendipine induces Apoptosis. Nitrendipine has antihypertensive effects. Nitrendipine blocks alcohol and Morphine withdrawal symptoms. Nitrendipine reduces right ventricular hypertrophy and pulmonary vascular changes induced by intermittent hypoxia. Nitrendipine has anticancer effects on neuroblastoma.
    Nitrendipine
  • HY-15610
    GDC-0623 Inducer 98.74%
    GDC-0623 (RG 7421) is a potent, ATP-uncompetitive inhibitor of MEK1 (Ki=0.13 nM, +ATP), and displays 6-fold weaker potency against HCT116 (KRAS (G13D), EC50=42 nM) versus A375 (BRAFV600E, EC50=7 nM).
    GDC-0623
製品番号 製品名 / Synonyms Application Reactivity