2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Caspase

Caspase

Caspase

Related Products

PDF 0.46 MB

Caspase is a family of cysteine proteases that play essential roles in apoptosis (programmed cell death), necrosis, and inflammation. There are two types of apoptotic caspases: initiator (apical) caspases and effector (executioner) caspases. Initiator caspases (e.g., CASP2, CASP8, CASP9, and CASP10) cleave inactive pro-forms of effector caspases, thereby activating them. Effector caspases (e.g., CASP3, CASP6, CASP7) in turn cleave other protein substrates within the cell, to trigger the apoptotic process. The initiation of this cascade reaction is regulated by caspase inhibitors. CASP4 and CASP5, which are overexpressed in some cases of vitiligo and associated autoimmune diseases caused by NALP1 variants, are not currently classified as initiator or effector in MeSH, because they are inflammatory enzymes that, in concert with CASP1, are involved in T-cell maturation.

Caspase Isoform Specific Products:

Caspase Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-N2414R
    Periplogenin (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Periplogenin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Periplogenin (HY-N2414). Periplogenin is an orally active cardiac glycoside found in Cortex periplocae. Periplogenin can induce ROS production and necroptosis and cause G0/G1 phase arrest. Periplogenin can inhibit pyroptosis by regulating the NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD signaling. Periplogenin suppresses growth of prostate carcinoma cells by docking to an ATP1A1 protein pocket and forming a hydrogen bond with T804. Periplogenin can be used for the researches of cancer, inflammation and immunology, such as prostate carcinoma, rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis.
    Periplogenin (Standard)
  • HY-10531R
    ARRY-380 analog (Standard)
    		Activator
    ARRY-380 analog (Standard) is the analytical standard of ARRY-380 analog (HY-10531). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. ARRY-380 analog (Compound PCM-0095494) is an ARRY-380 (HY-16069) analog. ARRY-380 analog activates caspases 3 and caspases 8. ARRY-380 analog inhibits Salmonella replication in cells.
    ARRY-380 analog (Standard)
  • HY-N0143R
    Phlorizin (Standard)
    		Activator
    Phlorizin (Floridzin) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Phlorizin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Phlorizin is an orally active non-selective sodium-glucose cotransporter (SGLT) inhibitor, with an IC50 of 0.04 μM and a Ki of 39 nM against hSGLT2, and an IC50 of 0.17 μM and a Ki of 0.31 μM against hSGLT1. Phlorizin promotes GLUT4 translocation, inhibits gluconeogenesis and promotes glycogen synthesis by activating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Phlorizin reduces DNA damage and apoptosis (apoptosis) by inhibiting the NF-κB inflammatory pathway. Phlorizin induces apoptosis via activating the Caspase pathway by antagonizing the JAK/STAT3 and PCK pathways. Phlorizin also exhibits antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective activities.
    Phlorizin (Standard)
  • HY-N8508
    Myrothecine A
    		Activator
    Myrothecine A is a trichothecene mycotoxin found in M. roridum. Myrothecine A induces apoptosis, promotes the cytochrome c release, PARP-cleavage and phosphorylation of JNK, increases Bax and cleaved caspase-3, -5, and -8 levels. Myrothecine A has anticancer activities and promotes the maturation of DC cells in the microenvironment. Myrothecine A inhibits proliferation of A549, MCF-7, HepG2, and SMMC-7721 cancer cells with IC50s of 95, 70, 60, and 25 µM, respectively.
    Myrothecine A
  • HY-13229R
    BOC-D-FMK (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    BOC-D-FMK (Standard) is the analytical standard of BOC-D-FMK. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Boc-D-FMK is a cell-permeable, irreversible and broad spectrum caspase inhibitor. Boc-D-FMK inhibits apoptosis stimulated by TNF-α with an IC50 of 39 μM.
    BOC-D-FMK (Standard)
  • HY-N6082R
    Rhein 8-O-β-D-Glucopyranoside (Standard)
    Rhein 8-O-β-D-Glucopyranoside (Standard) is the analytical standard of Rhein 8-O-β-D-Glucopyranoside (HY-N6083). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Rhein 8-O-β-D-Glucopyranoside is an orally active glycoside found in Rhubarb. Rhein 8-O-β-D-Glucopyranoside attenuates high glucose-induced apoptosis, recovers altered lincRNA ANRIL and let-7a expression, reverses high glucose-altered Bcl-2 and cleaved caspase-3 protein expression, and inhibits TGF-β1/Smad signaling. Rhein 8-O-β-D-Glucopyranoside accelerates Sennoside A (HY-N0365) metabolism, stimulates sennoside A purgative activity. Rhein 8-O-β-D-Glucopyranoside inhibits bacterial biofilm formation, suppresses its virulence gene expression, and exerts antibacterial activity. Rhein 8-O-β-D-Glucopyranoside can be used for the research of diabetic nephropathy, constipation, and infection.
    Rhein 8-O-β-D-Glucopyranoside (Standard)
  • HY-10805R
    Almorexant (Standard)
    		Activator
    Almorexant (Standard) is the analytical standard of Almorexant. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Almorexant (ACT 078573) is an orally active, potent and competitive dual orexin receptor antagonist, with Kd values of 1.3 nM (OX1) and 0.17 nM (OX2), respectively. Almorexant reversibly blocks signaling of orexin-A and orexin-B peptides. Almorexant totally blocked the intracellular Ca2+ signal pathway. Almorexant stimulates caspase-3 activity in AsPC-1 cells and induces apoptosis .
    Almorexant (Standard)
  • HY-B2035R
    Pretilachlor (Standard)
    		Activator
    Pretilachlor (Standard) is the analytical standard of Pretilachlor (HY-B2035). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Pretilachlor is a chloroacetamide herbicide with biological activities including endocrine disruption, oxidative stress induction, apoptosis induction, and immunotoxicity. Pretilachlor exerts its effects by interfering with hormone metabolism, inducing oxidative stress, activating apoptotic pathways, and inhibiting immune functions. Pretilachlor upregulates the transcription of P53, Mdm2, and Bbc3, and increases the activities of Caspase3 and Caspase9; it upregulates the transcription of genes in the HPG/HPT axis and the activity of aromatase; it induces oxidative stress, elevates ROS levels, and upregulates CAT, SOD, and GPX. Pretilachlor downregulates the transcription of CXCL-C1C, IL-1β, and IL-8. Pretilachlor disrupts the normal physiological processes and embryonic development of fish, exhibiting significant toxicity. Pretilachlor can be used in studies related to weeding, environmental pollution, and behavioral toxicity in fish.
    Pretilachlor (Standard)
  • HY-N6926
    1,3,5-Tricaffeoylquinic acid
    		Activator
    1,3,5-Tricaffeoylquinic acid acts as an angiogenesis inhibitor and apoptosis inducer, and exhibits anti-HIV activity. 1,3,5-Tricaffeoylquinic acid inhibits the phosphorylation of VEGFR2, ERK, PI3K, Akt and mTOR in the angiogenesis signaling pathway. 1,3,5-Tricaffeoylquinic acid regulates apoptosis-related proteins, upregulates the levels of activated caspase-8, Bax, activated PARP and caspase-3/9, while downregulates the level of Bcl-2. 1,3,5-Tricaffeoylquinic acid inhibits tube formation and shows cytotoxicity against ovarian cancer cells. 1,3,5-Tricaffeoylquinic acid can be used in studies related to ovarian cancer.
    1,3,5-Tricaffeoylquinic acid
  • HY-101297R
    Z-IETD-FMK (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Z-IETD-FMK (Standard) is the analytical standard of Z-IETD-FMK (HY-101297). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Z-IETD-FMK (Z-IE(OMe)TD(OMe)-FMK) is a selective and cell permeable caspase-8 inhibitor. Z-IETD-FMK is also a granzyme B inhibitor.
    Z-IETD-FMK (Standard)
  • HY-N2014R
    Verbenalin (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Verbenalin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Verbenalin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Verbenalin is an orally active terpenoid glycoside that can be extracted from the medicinal plant Verbena officinalis. Verbenalin has anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and neuroprotective effects. Verbenalin has a strong binding affinity to the nsp-12 protein of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Verbenalin can be used in the research of inflammatory and nervous system diseases such as hepatitis and Alzheimer's disease.
    Verbenalin (Standard)
  • HY-W338079
    Ac-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-pNA
    		Substrate
    Ac-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-pNA is a peptidic substrate of caspase-3/7.
    Ac-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-pNA
  • HY-124134
    AD-2646
    		Activator
    AD-2646 (LCL102), a ceramide analog, can kill leukemic T cells (EC50: 40 μM). AD-2646 triggers the cleavage of caspase-8, -9 and -3, as well as the caspase substrate PARP. AD-2646 is a ceramidase inhibitor. AD-2646 induces an accumulation of endogenous ceramide owing to perturbed ceramide metabolism.
    AD-2646
  • HY-10397AR
    MX1013 (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    MX1013 (Standard) is the analytical standard of MX1013 (HY-10397A). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. MX1013 is a potent, irreversible dipeptide caspase inhibitor vith antiapoptotic activity. MX1013 inhibits recombinant human caspase 3 with an IC50 of 30 nM.
    MX1013 (Standard)
  • HY-110102
    Atiprimod hydrochloride
    		Activator
    Atiprimod (Azaspirane) hydrochloride is a STAT3 inhibitor with antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and anti-angiogenic activities. Atiprimod blocks the signaling pathways of IL-6 and VEGF by inhibiting the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of STAT3. Atiprimod blocks the JAK-STAT signaling pathway by inhibiting the phosphorylation of JAK2 and JAK3. Atiprimod also inhibits cell proliferation, induces cell cycle arrest, and induces autophagy and apoptosis. Atiprimod triggers persistent ER stress-mediated apoptosis in breast cancer cells by activating the PERK/eIF2α/ATF4/CHOP axis and inhibiting the nuclear translocation of STAT3/NF-κB. Atiprimod shows great anti-tumor activities in tumor xenograft mouse models. Atiprimod can be used for the study of pituitary adenoma, breast cancer, multiple myeloma and acute myeloid leukemia (AML).
    Atiprimod hydrochloride
  • HY-126365
    Alisol B acetate
    		Activator
    Alisol B acetate is a Triterpenoids product that can be isolated from the tubers of Alisma plantago-aquatica Linn..
    Alisol B acetate
  • HY-N0260R
    Epmedin C (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Epmedin C (Standard) is the analytical standard of Epmedin C. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Epmedin C (Epimedin-C; Baohuoside-VI) is an orally active anti-inflammatory agent and immunomodulator that binds to multiple key proteins including UCP1, Caspase-1, CDK2 and Keap1. Epmedin C inhibits epithelial cell proliferation by disrupting the complex function of CDK2/Cyclin E. Epmedin C also upregulates Nrf2 expression, reduces ROS levels and inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion, thereby effectively restoring antibody production and alleviating tissue damage. Epmedin C has good safety with no hepatotoxicity or skin sensitization, and it has been used in studies on diseases such as obesity, Deoxynivalenol (HY-N6684)-induced immunotoxicity and mammary hyperplasia.
    Epmedin C (Standard)
  • HY-117136
    AN-7
    		Activator
    AN-7 is an orally active histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor that induces histone hyperacetylation and differentiation in vitro and in vivo, and inhibits the proliferation of human prostate 22Rv1 cancer cells. AN-7 can increase the expression of the pro-apoptotic protein Bax, reduce the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, and promote apoptosis by activating caspase-3, and can be used in the study of prostate cancer.
    AN-7
  • HY-B1392A
    Esmolol
    		Inhibitor
    Esmolol is an ultra-short-acting cardioselective β1-adrenergic blocker. Esmolol exerts its antiarrhythmic effect by activating Neurokinin 1 Receptor. Esmolol attenuates post resuscitation myocardial dysfunction. Esmolol improves diabetic wound healing by inhibiting aldose reductase and the production of advanced glycation end products and promoting fibroblast migration. Esmolol can be used to study cardiac diseases such as arrhythmias and diabetic foot ulcers.
    Esmolol
  • HY-N0699R
    Daphnoretin (Standard)
    		Activator
    Daphnoretin (Dephnoretin; Thymelol) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Daphnoretin (HY-N0699). This product is used for research and analytical applications. Daphnoretin is a protein kinase C (PKC) activator that can inhibit the expression of hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen (HBsAg) and has antiviral activity. Daphnoretin exerts its anti-tumor effect by inhibiting the activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, triggering the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. Daphnoretin alleviates chondrocyte apoptosis and inflammatory responses by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress and the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Daphnoretin can regulate the differentiation and maturation of dendritic cells, by down-regulating the phosphorylation level of JNK, inhibiting its immune stimulating function, thereby playing a protective role in skin transplant rejection reactions.
    Daphnoretin (Standard)
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Species Source
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
All Rights Reserved.
Download Caspase Signaling Pathway Map.

Upon binding to their cognate ligand, death receptors such as Fas and TRAILR can activate initiator Caspases (Pro-caspase 8 and Pro-caspase 10) through dimerization mediated by adaptor proteins such as FADD and TRADD. Active Caspase 8 and Caspase 10 then cleave and activate the effector Caspase 3, 6 and 7, leading to apoptosis. ROS/DNA damage and ER stress trigger Caspase 2 activation. Active Caspase 2 cleaves and activates Caspase 3 and initiates apoptosis directly. Caspase 2, 8 and 10 can also cleave Bid, stimulate mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP) and initiate the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Following MOMP, mitochondrial intermembrane space proteins such as Smac and Cytochrome C are released into the cytosol. Cytochrome C interacts with Apaf-1, triggering apoptosome assembly, which activates Caspase 9. Active Caspase 9, in turn, activates Caspase 3, 6 and 7, leading to apoptosis. Mitochondrial release of Smac facilitates apoptosis by blocking the inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) proteins. 

 

Following the binding of TNF to TNFR1, TNFR1 binds to TRADD, which recruits RIPK1, TRAF2/5 and cIAP1/2 to form TNFR1 signaling complex I. Formation of the complex IIa and complex IIb is initiated either by RIPK1 deubiquitylation mediated by CYLD or by RIPK1 non-ubiquitylation due to depletion of cIAPs. The Pro-caspase 8 homodimer in complex IIa and complex IIb generates active Caspase 8. This active Caspase 8 in the cytosol then carries out cleavage reactions to activate downstream executioner caspases and thus induce classical apoptosis[1][2]. 

 

Reference:

[1]. Thomas C, et al. Caspases in retinal ganglion cell death and axon regeneration. Cell Death Discovery volume 3, Article number: 17032 (2017).
[2]. Brenner D, et al. Regulation of tumour necrosis factor signalling: live or let die. Nat Rev Immunol. 2015 Jun;15(6):362-74.

Caspase Isoform Comparison

Your Search Returned No Results.

Sorry. There is currently no product that acts on isoform together.

Please try each isoform separately.