2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
  4. Endogenous Metabolite

Endogenous Metabolite

Endogenous Metabolite

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Endogenous metabolites refer to the collective set of small-molecule chemical substances present within organelles, cells, organs, biological fluids, or entire organisms; their molecular weights are typically less than 1500 Da. These endogenous metabolites—including lipids, amino acids, short peptides, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, alcohols, and organic acids—not only participate in signal transduction governing genomic function but also receive upstream signals from the environment, thereby bridging the interrelationships among genotype, environment, and phenotype. Based on their biological functions, microbial endogenous metabolites can be broadly classified into two categories: primary metabolites and secondary metabolites. Primary metabolites are the core molecules essential for supporting microbial growth and proliferation; they serve to provide energy to the microbes or act as precursors and cofactors for the synthesis of biological macromolecules. In contrast, microbial secondary metabolites are a class of low-molecular-weight products that are not strictly essential for microbial growth. Nevertheless, microbial secondary metabolites include numerous substances—such as antibiotics, anti-tumor agents, and cholesterol-lowering agents—that are of critical importance to human health[1][2][3]. Furthermore, the metabolome of a biological organism is influenced by a variety of endogenous factors, including age, sex, body composition, genetic background, and underlying pathological states. The small-molecule metabolites within an organism are diverse and highly distinct; their levels are typically subject to the synergistic regulation of a vast array of enzymes and transport proteins, undergoing processes of synthesis, transformation, degradation, and compartmentalized distribution. Metabolomics research based on endogenous metabolites has been widely applied in the fields of metabolic disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and infectious diseases, where these metabolites hold potential utility as biomarkers or therapeutic targets[1][2][3].

Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Specific Products:

Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-N0643
    Carnosol
    		99.90%
    Carnosol is a potent Ribosomal S6 Kinase (RSK2) inhibitor that could be useful for treating gastric cancer, with an IC50 of ~5.5 μM. Carnosol, a Nrf2 activator, increases the nuclear levels of Nrf2 and can promote the expression of heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1).
    Carnosol
  • HY-Y0479S
    L-Lactic acid-13C3
    		99.9%
    L-Lactic acid-13C3 is a 13C-labeled L-Lactic acid (HY-Y0479). L-Lactic acid-13C3 can be used for lactate metabolism research.
    L-Lactic acid-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-N0394
    L-Cystine
    		99.84%
    L-Cystine is an orally active extracellular form of L-Cysteine (HY-Y0337), occurring in proteins of plants and animals. L-Cystine elevates Nrf2 protein expression and activates Nrf2 transcription factor. L-cystine reduces ROS generation and protects against oxidant- or Doxorubicin (HY-15142A)-induced apoptosis. L-Cystine combined with L-theanine (HY-15121) enhances the production of antigen-specific IgG by increasing glutathione (GSH) levels and T helper 2 (Th2) mediated responses in mice. L-Cystine is promising for research of cystinuria and kidney stones
    L-Cystine
  • HY-W010735
    ATP disodium salt hydrate
    		99.80%
    ATP disodium salt hydrate (Adenosine 5'-triphosphatedisodium salt hydrate) is a central component of energy storage and metabolism in vivo, provides the metabolic energy to drive metabolic pumps and serves as a coenzyme in cells. ATP disodium salt hydrate is an important endogenous signaling molecule in immunity and inflammation.
    ATP disodium salt hydrate
  • HY-13502A
    Mitoxantrone dihydrochloride
    		98.98%
    Mitoxantrone dihydrochloride is a potent topoisomerase II inhibitor. Mitoxantrone dihydrochloride also inhibits protein kinase C (PKC) activity with an IC50 of 8.5 μM. Mitoxantrone dihydrochloride induces apoptosis of B-CLL (B-chronic lymphocytic leukaemia) cells. Mitoxantrone dihydrochloride shows antitumor activity. Mitoxantrone dihydrochloride also has anti-orthopoxvirus activity with EC50s of 0.25 μM and and 0.8 μM for cowpox and monkeypox, respectively.
    Mitoxantrone dihydrochloride
  • HY-101884
    Biocytin
    		99.91%
    Biocytin is a conjugate of D-biotin and L-lysine, where the carboxylate of D-biotin is coupled with the -amine of L-lysine via a secondary amide bond. Biocytin is a classical neuroanatomical tracer commonly used to map brain connectivity. Biocytin is used as a versatile marker in anterograde, retrograde and intracellular neuroanatomical investigations and in biotinidase assays.
    Biocytin
  • HY-100196
    Pyrroloquinoline quinone
    		99.82%
    Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ), a redox co-factor, is an anionic, redox-cycling orthoquinone. Pyrroloquinoline quinone is isolated from cultures of methylotropic bacteria and tissues of mammals. Pyrroloquinoline quinone is an essential nutrient for mammals and is important for immune function.
    Pyrroloquinoline quinone
  • HY-N0171
    Beta-Sitosterol (purity>80%)
    		≥98.0%
    Beta-Sitosterol (purity≥80%) is orally active. Beta-Sitosterol exhibits multiple activities, including anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antioxidant enzyme, and analgesic. Beta-Sitosterol inhibits inflammation and impaired adipogenesis in bovine mammary epithelial cells by reducing levels of ROS, TNF-α, IL-1β, and NF-κB p65 and restoring the activity of the HIF-1α/mTOR signaling pathway. Beta-Sitosterol induces apoptosis in cancer cells through ROS-mediated mitochondrial dysregulation and p53 activation. Beta-Sitosterol exerts its anticancer effects in cancer cells by activating caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9, mediating PARP inactivation, MMP loss, altered Bcl-2-Bax ratio, and cytochrome c release. Beta-Sitosterol modulates macrophage polarization and reduces rheumatoid inflammation in mice. Beta-Sitosterol inhibits tumor growth in multiple mouse cancer models. Beta-Sitosterol can be used in the research of arthritis, lung cancer, breast cancer and other cancers, diabetes, etc.
    Beta-Sitosterol (purity>80%)
  • HY-N0414
    Trigonelline
    		99.95%
    Trigonelline is an alkaloid with potential antidiabetic activity that can be isolated from Trigonella foenum-graecum L or Leonurus artemisia. Trigonelline is a potent Nrf2 inhibitor that blocks Nrf2-dependent proteasome activity, thereby enhancing apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells. Trigonelline also has anti-HSV-1, antibacterial, and antifungal activity and induces ferroptosis.
    Trigonelline
  • HY-P1748
    Thermolysin, Bacillus thermoproteolyticus rokko
    Thermolysin, Bacillus thermoproteolyticus rokko (EC 3.4.24.27) (TML) is a thermostable neutral metalloproteinase enzyme secreted by the Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus thermoproteolyticus. Thermolysin catalyzes the hydrolysis of peptide bonds containing hydrophobic residues.

    Optimal pH: 8.0. Considerably stable from pH 5 to 9.5.
    Optimal temperature : 70 °C
    Thermolysin, Bacillus thermoproteolyticus rokko
  • HY-N2526
    Nervonic acid
    		99.90%
    Nervonic acid is a monounsaturated fatty acid with oral activity. Nervonic acid exerts anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting NF-κB signaling. Nervonic acid can be used in the study of neurodegenerative diseases.
    Nervonic acid
  • HY-14595
    Biochanin A
    		99.33%
    Biochanin A is a naturally occurring fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitor, which inhibits FAAH with IC50s of 1.8, 1.4 and 2.4 μM for mouse, rat, and human FAAH, respectively.
    Biochanin A
  • HY-70037
    Cinacalcet
    		99.93%
    Cinacalcet (AMG 073) is an orally active, allosteric agonist of Ca receptor (CaR), used for cardiovascular disease research.
    Cinacalcet
  • HY-N0583R
    Hydrocortisone (Standard)
    Hydrocortisone (Standard) is the analytical standard of Hydrocortisone. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Hydrocortisone (Cortisol) is a steroid hormone or glucocorticoid secreted by the adrenal cortex.
    Hydrocortisone (Standard)
  • HY-113329
    Guanidinoethyl sulfonate
    		99.91%
    Guanidinoethyl sulfonate (Taurocyamine) is an orally available, blood-brain permeable competitive inhibitor of taurine transporters and a competitive antagonist of glycine receptors (GlyR) (IC50=565 μM). Guanidinoethyl sulfonate has both weak agonist and antagonist effects on GABAA receptors. Guanidinoethyl sulfonate inhibits taurine transmembrane transport and competitively binds to the GlyR ligand binding domain, thereby blocking glycine-mediated chloride influx, and may regulate brain pH to exert neuroprotective effects. Guanidinoethyl sulfonate can be used for neuroprotection studies of ischemic brain injury.
    Guanidinoethyl sulfonate
  • HY-101398
    Coproporphyrin III
    		99.57%
    Coproporphyrin III (Zincphyrin) is a naturally occurring porphyrin derivative that is mainly found in urine.
    Coproporphyrin III
  • HY-D0184
    2'-Deoxycytidine
    		99.95%
    2'-Deoxycytidine, a deoxyribonucleoside, can inhibit biological effects of Bromodeoxyuridine (Brdu). 2'-Deoxycytidine is essential for the synthesis of nucleic acids, that can be used for the research of cancer.
    2'-Deoxycytidine
  • HY-17563
    2'-Deoxyguanosine
    		99.96%
    2’-Deoxyguanosine (Deoxyguanosine) is a purine nucleoside with a variety of biological activities. 2’-Deoxyguanosine can induce DNA division in mouse thymus cells. 2’-Deoxyguanosine is a potent cell division inhibitor in plant cells.
    2'-Deoxyguanosine
  • HY-Y0669
    Pipecolic acid
    		99.92%
    Pipecolic acid is an orally bioavailable, blood-brain barrier-permeable metabolite of lysine with antioxidant, inhibitor, and inducer activity. Pipecolic acid modulates the YAP-GPX4 signaling pathway, reduces retinal vascular tube formation, and mitigates ferroptosis. Pipecolic acid potentiates voltage-sensitive Ca2+ channel currents and induces neuronal apoptosis. Pipecolic acid can be used for the research of diabetic retinopathy.
    Pipecolic acid
  • HY-W051723
    (R)-3-Hydroxybutanoic acid
    (R)-3-Hydroxybutanoic acid is a metabolite, and converted from acetoacetic acid catalyzed by 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase. (R)-3-Hydroxybutanoic acid has applications as a nutrition source and as a precursor for vitamins, antibiotics and pheromones.
    (R)-3-Hydroxybutanoic acid
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Comparison

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