2. Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
  3. Endogenous Metabolite
  4. Pyrroloquinoline quinone

Pyrroloquinoline quinone  (Synonyms: PQQ; Methoxatin)

Cat. No.: HY-100196 Purity: 99.82%
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Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ), a redox co-factor, is an anionic, redox-cycling orthoquinone. Pyrroloquinoline quinone is isolated from cultures of methylotropic bacteria and tissues of mammals. Pyrroloquinoline quinone is an essential nutrient for mammals and is important for immune function.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

CAS No. : 72909-34-3

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Customer Review

Based on 7 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Other Forms of Pyrroloquinoline quinone:

Pyrroloquinoline quinone Related Antibodies

Top Publications Citing Use of Products

    Pyrroloquinoline quinone purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Phytomedicine. 2026 Apr:153:157996.

    Cell viability of human articular chondrocytes (HACs) after 24 or 48 h treatment with Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ, 1–100 μM).

    Pyrroloquinoline quinone purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Phytomedicine. 2026 Apr:153:157996.

    Western blotting and densitometric quantification of Lamin B1, P16, CDKN1A (P21) and MMP13 in indicated groups. The results showed that Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ, 4 mg/kg; chow diet; 12 months) restored Lamin B1 levels while suppressing P16, P21 and MMP13 proteins in aged joint tissues.

    Pyrroloquinoline quinone purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Phytomedicine. 2026 Apr:153:157996.

    12‑month‑old wild-type (WT) male mice were given standard chow or Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ)‑enriched chow (4 mg/kg) for 12 months and analyzed at 24 months (n = 6). Representative Safranin O–Fast Green (SO‑FG) staining of knee cartilage. The results showed that PQQ markedly improved cartilage integrity in 24-month-old mice.

    Pyrroloquinoline quinone purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Phytomedicine. 2026 Apr:153:157996.

    12‑month‑old wild-type (WT) male mice were given standard chow or Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ)‑enriched chow (4 mg/kg) for 12 months and analyzed at 24 months (n = 6). Micro-CT analysis demonstrated that PQQ decreased bone volume (BV) of the calcified meniscus and synovial tissue in aged mice, indicating preserved joint architecture.

    Pyrroloquinoline quinone purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Phytomedicine. 2026 Apr:153:157996.

    Representative immunostaining of knee joint sections from 12‑month, 24‑month and Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ, 4 mg/kg; chow diet; 12 months)‑treated 24‑month mice for 8‑hydroxy‑2′‑deoxyguanosine (8‑OHdG), cyclin‑dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (P16), IL‑1β, interleukin‑6 (IL‑6), COL2A1 and MMP13.

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    Human Endogenous Metabolite Microbial Metabolite

    • Biological Activity

    • Purity & Documentation

    • References

    • Customer Review

    Description

    Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ), a redox co-factor, is an anionic, redox-cycling orthoquinone. Pyrroloquinoline quinone is isolated from cultures of methylotropic bacteria and tissues of mammals. Pyrroloquinoline quinone is an essential nutrient for mammals and is important for immune function[1][2].

    IC50 & Target[1]

    Microbial Metabolite

     

    Human Endogenous Metabolite

     

    Cellular Effect
    Cell Line Type Value Description References
    A549 IC50
    750.1 μM
    Compound: PQQ
    Antiproliferative against human A549 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    Antiproliferative against human A549 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 24996136]
    HepG2 IC50
    45.71 μM
    Compound: PQQ
    Antiproliferative against human HepG2 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    Antiproliferative against human HepG2 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 24996136]
    MCF7 IC50
    25.48 μM
    Compound: PQQ
    Antiproliferative against human MCF7 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    Antiproliferative against human MCF7 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 24996136]
    In Vitro

    Mouse pups born to and nursing from Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ)-deprived dams have a compromised immune response as well as alopecia, a hunched posture, and a susceptibility to aortic aneurysms[2].

    MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

    Pyrroloquinoline quinone Related Antibodies
    Clinical Trial
    Molecular Weight

    330.21

    Formula

    C14H6N2O8
    CAS No.
    Appearance

    Solid

    Color

    Pink to red

    SMILES

    O=C(C(N1)=CC(C2=O)=C1C3=C(N=C(C(O)=O)C=C3C(O)=O)C2=O)O
    Structure Classification
    Initial Source

    cultures of methylotropic bacteria and tissues of mammals
    Shipping

    Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
    Storage
    Powder -20°C 3 years
    4°C 2 years
    In solvent -80°C 6 months
    -20°C 1 month
    Solvent & Solubility
    In Vitro: 

    1 M NaOH : 33.33 mg/mL (100.94 mM; ultrasonic and warming and heat to 60°C)

    H2O : 1 mg/mL (3.03 mM; ultrasonic and warming and heat to 60°C)

    DMSO : < 1 mg/mL (insoluble or slightly soluble)

    Preparing
    Stock Solutions
    Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
    1 mM 3.0284 mL 15.1419 mL 30.2838 mL
    5 mM 0.6057 mL 3.0284 mL 6.0568 mL
    View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

    * Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
    Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

    * Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

    • Molarity Calculator

    • Dilution Calculator

    Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

    Mass
    =
    Concentration
    ×
    Volume
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    Molecular Weight *

    Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

    This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

    Concentration (start)

    C1

    ×
    Volume (start)

    V1

    =
    Concentration (final)

    C2

    ×
    Volume (final)

    V2

    In Vivo:

    For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly. It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.
    The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

    • Protocol 1

      Add each solvent one by one:  PBS

      Solubility: 1 mg/mL (3.03 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic and warming and heat to 60°C

    • Protocol 2

      Add each solvent one by one:  0.5% CMC/saline water

      Solubility: 4 mg/mL (12.11 mM); Suspended solution; Need ultrasonic

    In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
    Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

    Dosage

    mg/kg

    Animal weight
    (per animal)

    g

    Dosing volume
    (per animal)

    μL

    Number of animals

    Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
    Calculation results:
    Working solution concentration: mg/mL
    The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only.If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).
    Purity & Documentation

    Purity: 99.82%

    SDS (393 KB)

    COA (255 KB) HNMR (239 KB) RP-HPLC (267 KB)

    Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
    References

    Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

    * Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
    Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

    Optional Solvent Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg
    H2O / 1 M NaOH 1 mM 3.0284 mL 15.1419 mL 30.2838 mL 75.7094 mL
    1 M NaOH 5 mM 0.6057 mL 3.0284 mL 6.0568 mL 15.1419 mL
    10 mM 0.3028 mL 1.5142 mL 3.0284 mL 7.5709 mL
    15 mM 0.2019 mL 1.0095 mL 2.0189 mL 5.0473 mL
    20 mM 0.1514 mL 0.7571 mL 1.5142 mL 3.7855 mL
    25 mM 0.1211 mL 0.6057 mL 1.2114 mL 3.0284 mL
    30 mM 0.1009 mL 0.5047 mL 1.0095 mL 2.5236 mL
    40 mM 0.0757 mL 0.3785 mL 0.7571 mL 1.8927 mL
    50 mM 0.0606 mL 0.3028 mL 0.6057 mL 1.5142 mL
    60 mM 0.0505 mL 0.2524 mL 0.5047 mL 1.2618 mL
    80 mM 0.0379 mL 0.1893 mL 0.3785 mL 0.9464 mL
    100 mM 0.0303 mL 0.1514 mL 0.3028 mL 0.7571 mL

    * Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

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    Pyrroloquinoline quinone Related Classifications

    Help & FAQs
    • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

      Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

    Keywords:

    Pyrroloquinoline quinone72909-34-3PQQ MethoxatinEndogenous Metaboliteredoxco-factoranionicmethylotropicbacteriaessentialnutrientimmunefunctionInhibitorinhibitorinhibit

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