Pyrroloquinoline quinone
Based on 9 publication(s) in Google Scholar
Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ), a redox co-factor, is an anionic, redox-cycling orthoquinone. Pyrroloquinoline quinone is isolated from cultures of methylotropic bacteria and tissues of mammals. Pyrroloquinoline quinone is an essential nutrient for mammals and is important for immune function.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity: 99.82%
- CAS No.: 72909-34-3
- Formula: C14H6N2O8
- Molecular Weight:330.21
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Storage:Powder -20°C, 3 years , 4°C, 2 years ; In solvent -80°C, 6 months , -20°C, 1 month
To place orders, for customer services and technical support, please contact: MedChemExpress USA
Tel: 609-228-6898 E-mail: [email protected] [email protected]
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Biological Activity
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Chemical Information
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Solvent & Solubility
- Purity & Documentation
- References
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Help & FAQs
Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Pyrroloquinoline quinone
More- Biosens Bioelectron. 2024 Apr 15:250:116049. [Abstract]
- Phytomedicine. 2026 Apr:153:157996. [Abstract]
- Int J Biol Macromol. 2026 May 6:152409. [Abstract]
- Int J Biol Macromol. 2026 Mar 18:355:151493. [Abstract]
- Antioxidants (Basel). 2025 Jan 16;14(1):102. [Abstract]
- Antioxidants (Basel). 2024 Jan 15;13(1):104. [Abstract]
- J Agric Food Chem. 2024 Sep 25;72(38):20944-20958. [Abstract]
- J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2025 Apr 15:1256:124559. [Abstract]
- bioRxiv. 2026 Apr 28.
Customer Validation & Images
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Cell Proliferation/Viability Assay
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WB
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Histological Imaging/Staining
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In Vivo Imaging
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IHC
All Endogenous Metabolite Isoforms
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Biological Activity
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Microbial Metabolite |
Human Endogenous Metabolite |
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Cell Line
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Type | Value | Description | References |
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| A549 | IC50 |
750.1 μM
Compound: PQQ
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Antiproliferative against human A549 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay
Antiproliferative against human A549 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay
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[PMID: 24996136] |
| HepG2 | IC50 |
45.71 μM
Compound: PQQ
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Antiproliferative against human HepG2 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay
Antiproliferative against human HepG2 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay
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[PMID: 24996136] |
| MCF7 | IC50 |
25.48 μM
Compound: PQQ
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Antiproliferative against human MCF7 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay
Antiproliferative against human MCF7 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay
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[PMID: 24996136] |
Mouse pups born to and nursing from Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ)-deprived dams have a compromised immune response as well as alopecia, a hunched posture, and a susceptibility to aortic aneurysms[2].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
| NCT Number | Sponsor | Condition | Start Date |
Phase
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCT01329991 | Plexxikon| | 2011-05 | PHASE1 |
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 72909-34-3
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 330.21
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Formula C14H6N2O8
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Color Pink to red
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SMILES
O=C(C(N1)=CC(C2=O)=C1C3=C(N=C(C(O)=O)C=C3C(O)=O)C2=O)O
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Synonyms
PQQ; Methoxatin
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Structure Classification
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Initial Source
cultures of methylotropic bacteria and tissues of mammals
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month
Publications (9)
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Journal Impact Factor
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Most Recent
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Biosens Bioelectron
Development of an electrochemical impedance spectroscopy immunosensor for insulin monitoring employing pyrroloquinoline quinone as an ingestible redox probe. [Abstract]2024 Apr 15:250:116049. PMID: 38290381 -
Phytomedicine
Pyrroloquinoline quinone alleviates age-related osteoarthritis via nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2-mediated stress response and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor upregulation. [Abstract]2026 Apr:153:157996. PMID: 41763140
Pyrroloquinoline quinone purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Phytomedicine. 2026 Apr:153:157996. [Abstract]
Cell viability of human articular chondrocytes (HACs) after 24 or 48 h treatment with Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ, 1–100 μM).
Pyrroloquinoline quinone purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Phytomedicine. 2026 Apr:153:157996. [Abstract]
Western blotting and densitometric quantification of Lamin B1, P16, CDKN1A (P21) and MMP13 in indicated groups. The results showed that Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ, 4 mg/kg; chow diet; 12 months) restored Lamin B1 levels while suppressing P16, P21 and MMP13 proteins in aged joint tissues.
Pyrroloquinoline quinone purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Phytomedicine. 2026 Apr:153:157996. [Abstract]
12‑month‑old wild-type (WT) male mice were given standard chow or Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ)‑enriched chow (4 mg/kg) for 12 months and analyzed at 24 months (n = 6). Representative Safranin O–Fast Green (SO‑FG) staining of knee cartilage. The results showed that PQQ markedly improved cartilage integrity in 24-month-old mice.
Pyrroloquinoline quinone purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Phytomedicine. 2026 Apr:153:157996. [Abstract]
12‑month‑old wild-type (WT) male mice were given standard chow or Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ)‑enriched chow (4 mg/kg) for 12 months and analyzed at 24 months (n = 6). Micro-CT analysis demonstrated that PQQ decreased bone volume (BV) of the calcified meniscus and synovial tissue in aged mice, indicating preserved joint architecture.
Pyrroloquinoline quinone purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Phytomedicine. 2026 Apr:153:157996. [Abstract]
Representative immunostaining of knee joint sections from 12‑month, 24‑month and Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ, 4 mg/kg; chow diet; 12 months)‑treated 24‑month mice for 8‑hydroxy‑2′‑deoxyguanosine (8‑OHdG), cyclin‑dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (P16), IL‑1β, interleukin‑6 (IL‑6), COL2A1 and MMP13.
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Int J Biol Macromol
Molecular basis of BACE1 modulation revealed by machine learning, molecular simulations, and experimental validation. [Abstract]2026 May 6:152409. PMID: 42103119 -
Int J Biol Macromol
Structural and dynamic characterization of papain-like protease ligand recognition using integrated computational and biochemical approaches. [Abstract]2026 Mar 18:355:151493. PMID: 41861871 -
Antioxidants (Basel)
Pyrroloquinoline Quinone Improved Boar Sperm Quality via Maintaining Mitochondrial Function During Cryopreservation. [Abstract]2025 Jan 16;14(1):102. PMID: 39857436 -
Antioxidants (Basel)
Pyrroloquinoline Quinone Improves Ram Sperm Quality through Its Antioxidative Ability during Storage at 4 °C. [Abstract]2024 Jan 15;13(1):104. PMID: 38247528 -
J Agric Food Chem
Pyrroloquinoline Quinone Alleviates Mitochondria Damage in Radiation-Induced Lung Injury in a MOTS-c-Dependent Manner. [Abstract]2024 Sep 25;72(38):20944-20958. PMID: 39259217 -
J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci
Novel GC MS/MS method for bioanalysis of pyrroloquinoline quinone, a potential cognitive enhancer in mice brains. [Abstract]2025 Apr 15:1256:124559. PMID: 40121937 -
Solvent & Solubility
1 M NaOH : 33.33 mg/mL (100.94 mM; ultrasonic and warming and heat to 60°C)
H2O : 1 mg/mL (3.03 mM; ultrasonic and warming and heat to 60°C)
DMSO : < 1 mg/mL (insoluble or slightly soluble)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly:
It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: PBS
Solubility: 1 mg/mL (3.03 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic and warming and heat to 60°C
Add each solvent one by one: 0.5% CMC/saline water
Solubility: 4 mg/mL (12.11 mM); Suspended solution; Need ultrasonic
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (278 KB)
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SDS (393 KB)
- English - EN (393 KB)
- Français - FR (393 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (393 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (393 KB)
- Español - ES (393 KB)
- Swedish - SV (393 KB)
- Italian - IT (393 KB)
- Korean - KR (393 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (393 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
[1]. Moog RS, et al. Evidence for methoxatin (pyrroloquinolinequinone) as the cofactor in bovine plasma amine oxidase from resonance Raman spectroscopy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Nov;83(22):8435-9. [Content Brief]
[2]. Bishop A, et al. Methoxatin (PQQ) in guinea-pig neutrophils. Free Radic Biol Med. 1994 Oct;17(4):311-20. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
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| H2O / 1 M NaOH | 1 mM | 3.0284 mL | 15.1419 mL | 30.2838 mL | 75.7094 mL |
| 1 M NaOH | 5 mM | 0.6057 mL | 3.0284 mL | 6.0568 mL | 15.1419 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.3028 mL | 1.5142 mL | 3.0284 mL | 7.5709 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.2019 mL | 1.0095 mL | 2.0189 mL | 5.0473 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.1514 mL | 0.7571 mL | 1.5142 mL | 3.7855 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.1211 mL | 0.6057 mL | 1.2114 mL | 3.0284 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.1009 mL | 0.5047 mL | 1.0095 mL | 2.5236 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.0757 mL | 0.3785 mL | 0.7571 mL | 1.8927 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.0606 mL | 0.3028 mL | 0.6057 mL | 1.5142 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.0505 mL | 0.2524 mL | 0.5047 mL | 1.2618 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.0379 mL | 0.1893 mL | 0.3785 mL | 0.9464 mL | |
| 100 mM | 0.0303 mL | 0.1514 mL | 0.3028 mL | 0.7571 mL |
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Pyrroloquinoline quinone Related Classifications
HY-100196 Related Classifications
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