2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-P10368
    P110 heptapeptide
    		Inhibitor 99.98%
    P110 heptapeptide is a peptide inhibitor of the Drp1-Fis1 interaction. P110 heptapeptide has anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, mitochondrial protective, and neuroprotective activities. Without blocking the physiological functions of Drp1, P110 heptapeptide reduces pathological functions in many models of neurodegeneration, ischemia, and sepsis. P110 heptapeptide can be used for research on neurological and inflammatory diseases.
    P110 heptapeptide
  • HY-N0295
    Protocatechualdehyde
    		99.92%
    Protocatechualdehyde (Catechaldehyde), a natural polyphenol compound isolated from the roots of radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae, is associated with a wide variety of biological activities and has been widely used in medicine as an antioxidant, anti-aging, an antibacterial and anti-inflammatory agent.
    Protocatechualdehyde
  • HY-W145667
    Mannan
    		Activator 98.4%
    Mannan is an orally active polysaccharide compound that binds to the mannose receptor (MR). Mannan promotes bacterial uptake and endosomal degradation by binding to MR, thereby enhancing the production of IL-12 in immune cells. Mannan enhances ROS production. Mannan modulates immunity, inhibits Aflatoxin B1 (HY-N6615)-induced toxicity, and reduces lipid.
    Mannan
  • HY-N4068
    Glucoraphanin
    		99.88%
    Glucoraphanin, a natural glucosinolate found in cruciferous vegetable, is a stable precursor of the Nrf2 inducer sulforaphane, which possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-carcinogenic effects.
    Glucoraphanin
  • HY-Y1325H
    Sodium acetate trihydrate, meets analytical specification of Ph. Eur. BP USP FCC E262, ≤0.00002% Al
    		Activator 99.7%
    Sodium acetate trihydrate is a carboxylic acid and short-chain fatty acid (SCFAs). Sodium acetate trihydrate activates AMPK, increases ROS, cleaved caspase 9, PPARα, downregulates SREBP-1c, ChREBP expression. Sodium acetate trihydrate exhibits antifungal activity against Saccharomyces cerevisiae W303-1A. Sodium acetate trihydrate regulates energy metabolism. Sodium acetate trihydrate has anticancer activity against gastric cancer. Sodium acetate trihydrate induces writhing reaction and ulcerative colitis. Sodium acetate trihydrate can be used in the researches for gastric cancer, ulcerative colitis, hepatic steatosis, and pain.
    Sodium acetate trihydrate, meets analytical specification of Ph. Eur. BP USP FCC E262, ≤0.00002% Al
  • HY-N1502
    Carboxyatractyloside tripotassium
    		Activator 99.97%
    Carboxyatractyloside tripotassium is a diterpenoid. Carboxyatractyloside tripotassium can be isolated from plants of the genus Xanthium. Carboxyatractyloside tripotassium is an ADP/ATP carrier inhibitor, inhibiting mitochondrial ADP/ATP transport. Carboxyatractyloside tripotassium promotes ROS production, induces Ca2+ release, and leads to mitochondrial dysfunction. Carboxyatractyloside tripotassium induces lethargy, weakness, and epileptic seizures in rats.
    Carboxyatractyloside tripotassium
  • HY-N0089
    Schisandrin B
    		99.94%
    Schisandrin B (γ-Schisandrin) is a biphenylcyclooctadiene derivative isolated from Schisandra chinensis and has been shown to have antioxidant effects on the liver and heart of rodents.
    Schisandrin B
  • HY-101194
    Tin protoporphyrin IX dichloride
    		Inhibitor
    Tin protoporphyrin IX dichloride (SnPPIX) is a potent Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) inhibitor. Tin protoporphyrin IX dichloride sensitizes pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) tumors to chemotherapy in mice model.
    Tin protoporphyrin IX dichloride
  • HY-W013242
    Gondoic acid
    		Inhibitor
    Gondoic acid (cis-11-Eicosenoic acid), a monounsaturated long-chain fatty acid, is contained in a variety of plant oils and nuts. Gondoic acid can exert anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting the production of ROS and the PKCθ/ERK/STAT3 signaling pathway. Gondoic acid can be used as a raw material for medical supplies and a moisturizing ingredient in cosmetic creams.
    Gondoic acid
  • HY-W004761
    Tetrahydroxydiboron
    		Inhibitor ≥98.0%
    Tetrahydroxydiboron (Hypodiboric acid) acts as a hydrogel initiator and bioadhesion promoter, with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, ROS scavenging capacity, and osteogenic induction properties. Tetrahydroxydiboron initiates rapid gelation by generating free radicals through reactions with vinyl monomers and dissolved oxygen, overcoming oxygen inhibition without deoxygenation or external triggers. Tetrahydroxydiboron achieves strong bioadhesion via interaction with carboxymethyl chitosan. Tetrahydroxydiboron can be used in the research of periodontitis and related inflammatory diseases.
    Tetrahydroxydiboron
  • HY-113224
    Desmosterol
    		Inhibitor 99.84%
    Desmosterol is a cholesterol-like molecule. In the Bloch pathway of cholesterol biosynthesis, Desmosterol is a direct precursor of cholesterol. As an endogenous metabolite, Desmosterol is used to study cholesterol metabolism . Desmosterol is an LXR activator and SREBP inhibitor, which can suppress macrophage inflammasome activation and prevent vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis. A reduction in Desmosterol promotes the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) in macrophages and pyrin domain-dependent inflammasome activation of NLRP3. Desmosterol holds potential for research in inflammation, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases .
    Desmosterol
  • HY-B0722
    Histamine dihydrochloride
    		99.92%
    Histamine dihydrochloride is the agonist for histamine receptor and a vasodilator. Histamine dihydrochloride is an organic nitrogen compound that participates in local immune responses, regulates intestinal physiological functions, and acts as a neurotransmitter. Histamine dihydrochloride affects p38 MAPK/Akt signaling pathway, exhibits antitumor, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Histamine dihydrochloride can be used in the research of acute myeloid leukemia, malignant melanoma, and renal cell carcinoma.
    Histamine dihydrochloride
  • HY-W009732
    Sinapinic acid
    		99.94%
    Sinapinic acid (Sinapic acid) is a phenolic compound isolated from Hydnophytum formicarum Jack. Rhizome, acts as an inhibitor of HDAC, with an IC50 of 2.27 mM, and also inhibits ACE-I activity. Sinapinic acid posssess potent anti-tumor activity, induces apoptosis of tumor cells. Sinapinic acid shows antioxidant and antidiabetic activities. Sinapinic acid reduces total cholesterol, triglyceride, and HOMA-IR index, and also normalizes some serum parameters of antioxidative abilities and oxidative damage in ovariectomized rats.
    Sinapinic acid
  • HY-19357
    Erenapurstat
    		Inducer 99.67%
    Erenapursta (E3330) is a direct, orally active and selective inhibitor of Ape-1 (apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1)/Ref-1 (redox factor-1) redox. Erenapursta is able to impair tumor growth and blocks the activity of NF-κB, AP-1, and HIF-1α in pancreatic cancer. Erenapursta shows anticancer activities.
    Erenapurstat
  • HY-119412
    Biliatresone
    		Inhibitor 98.57%
    Biliatresone is a natural toxin isolated from Dysphania glomulifera and D. littoralis. Biliatresone, a 1,2-diaryl-2-propenone class of isoflavonoid, produces extrahepatic biliary atresia in a zebrafish model.
    Biliatresone
  • HY-117235
    Diallyl Trisulfide
    		Activator 99.9%
    Diallyl Trisulfide is an orally active anticancer agent that can be isolated from garlic. Diallyl Trisulfide has the ability to induce apoptosis and exhibits anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities. Diallyl Trisulfide can be used to study a variety of cancers, including liver, colon and prostate cancer.
    Diallyl Trisulfide
  • HY-122723
    GOT1 inhibitor-1
    		Inhibitor 98.75%
    GOT1 inhibitor-1 (compound 2c), a tryptamine-based derivative, acts as a novel, potent and non-covalent inhibitor of glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase 1 (GOT1) with an IC50 of 8.2 uM. GOT1 plays an important role in energy metabolism and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) balance. GOT1 inhibitor-1 can be used for the research of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).
    GOT1 inhibitor-1
  • HY-111798
    Heme Oxygenase-1-IN-1
    		Inhibitor 99.13%
    Heme Oxygenase-1-IN-1 (compound 2) is a potent heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) inhibitor, with an IC50 of 0.25 μM. Heme Oxygenase-1-IN-1 can be used for cancer research.
    Heme Oxygenase-1-IN-1
  • HY-109804
    CORM-401
    		Inhibitor 98.60%
    CORM-401 is an oxidant-sensitive CO-releasing molecule. CORM-401 induces NO increase in the regulation of endothelial calcium signalling. CORM-401 reduces TNF-α/CHX and H2O2-induced ROS production. CORM-401 uncouples mitochondrial respiration and inhibits glycolysis.
    CORM-401
  • HY-B0553
    Methazolamide
    		Inhibitor 99.41%
    Methazolamide (L584601) is a BBB-penetrable and orally active carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, with a Ki of 14 nM for human carbonic anhydrase II. Methazolamide can reduce intraocular pressure and has a neuroprotective effect, being able to inhibit neuronal apoptosis. Methazolamide can be used in the research of ophthalmic diseases such as glaucoma and cerebrovascular diseases such as subarachnoid hemorrhage.
    Methazolamide
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity