2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Related Products

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-119502
    Camalexin
    		Activator 99.70%
    Camalexin is a phytoalexin isolated from Camelina sativa (Cruciferae) with antibacterial, antifungal, antiproliferative and anticancer activities. Camalexin can induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) production.
    Camalexin
  • HY-W040045
    Callistephin chloride
    		Inhibitor 98.31%
    Callistephin (Pelargonidin 3-O-glucoside) chloride is an anthocyanin. Callistephin chloride regulates the expression of inflammatory (reducing iNOS/TNF-α/COX-2) and apoptosis-related proteins by inhibiting p38 phosphorylation, and enhances the protective effect of Isoflurane (HY-A0134) on microglial cell damage. Callistephin chloride significantly reduces ROS levels, eliminates DPPH free radicals, protects retinal pigment epithelial cells, and inhibits lipid peroxidation. Callistephin chloride can alleviate glutamate excitotoxicity, reduce neuronal apoptosis, and protect cerebellar granule neurons. Callistephin chloride can inhibit the proliferation and metastasis of breast cancer cells by inducing apoptosis.
    Callistephin chloride
  • HY-W017982
    CMIT/MIT (14.5% in water)
    		Inducer
    CMIT/MIT is a CMIT and MIT mixture. CMIT and MIT are powerful synthetic biocidal substances. CMIT and MIT are used as preservatives in various cosmetics and industrial products. CMIT and MIT are present in many water-soluble consumer products, such as shampoos, toothpastes. CMIT/MIT (3:1 mixture of CMIT and MIT) produces mitochondrial ROS via inhibiting mitochondrial complex I and II. CMIT/MIT (in 3:1 ratio) induces neurotoxicity through the upregulation of the MAPKs signaling pathways. CMIT/MIT can be used in the research of respiratory diseases and neuroblastoma.
    CMIT/MIT (14.5% in water)
  • HY-W017982
    CMIT/MIT (14.5% in water)
    		Activator
    CMIT/MIT is a CMIT and MIT mixture. CMIT and MIT are powerful synthetic biocidal substances. CMIT and MIT are used as preservatives in various cosmetics and industrial products. CMIT and MIT are present in many water-soluble consumer products, such as shampoos, toothpastes. CMIT/MIT (3:1 mixture of CMIT and MIT) produces mitochondrial ROS via inhibiting mitochondrial complex I and II. CMIT/MIT (in 3:1 ratio) induces neurotoxicity through the upregulation of the MAPKs signaling pathways. CMIT/MIT can be used in the research of respiratory diseases and neuroblastoma.
    CMIT/MIT (14.5% in water)
  • HY-W019806
    Lacto-N-fucopentaose I
    		Inhibitor 99.92%
    Lacto-N-fucopentaose I (LNFPI) is a human milk oligosaccharide (HMO), possessing antiviral and antibacterial activity. Lacto-N-fucopentaose I can reduce capsid protein VP1 to block virus adsorption, promote CDK2 and reduce cyclin E to recover cell cycle S phase block. Lacto-N-fucopentaose I inhibits ROS production and apoptosis in virus-infected cells. Lacto-N-fucopentaose I can also regulate intestinal microbiota to affect immune system development.
    Lacto-N-fucopentaose I
  • HY-Y0278
    Chloranil
    		Inducer 98%
    Chloranil (Tetrachloro-p-benzoquinone), an orally active metabolite of pentachlorophenol and hexachlorobenzene, is a widely used fungicide. Chloranil can induce ROS production. Chloranil induces neutrophil extracellular traps through the ROS-JNK-NOX2 pathway. Chloranil induces ferroptosis and neuroinflammation. Chloranil induces apoptosis of mouse embryonic stem cells .
    Chloranil
  • HY-115292
    Simvastatin hydroxy acid sodium
    		Inhibitor 99.86%
    Simvastatin hydroxy acid (Tenivastatin) sodium is a potent HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR) inhibitor. Simvastatin hydroxy acid sodium reduces Indoxyl sulfate-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in human cardiomyocytes. Simvastatin hydroxy acid sodium can also modulates OATP3A1 expression in cardiomyocytes and HEK293 cells transfected with the OATP3A1 gene.
    Simvastatin hydroxy acid sodium
  • HY-10498
    Lexibulin
    		Activator 99.10%
    Lexibulin (CYT-997) is a potent and orally active tubulin polymerisation inhibitor with IC50s of 10-100 nM in cancer cell lines; with potent cytotoxic and vascular disrupting activity in vitro and in vivo. Lexibulin induces cell apoptosis and induces mitochondrial ROS generation in GC cells.
    Lexibulin
  • HY-N0597
    Panaxatriol
    		Inducer 99.93%
    Panaxatriol is an orally active dammarane-type tetracyclic triterpene sapogenin. Panaxatriol enhances the phosphorylation levels of Akt, insulin receptor and p70S6K in skeletal muscle. Panaxatriol reduces the mRNA expression level of Atrogin1 in skeletal muscle. Panaxatriol induces apoptosis, pre-G1 cell cycle arrest and increased intracellular ROS levels in prostate cancer cells, decreases mitochondrial membrane potential, inhibits cell migration and reduces colony formation. Panaxatriol can be used in research related to insulin resistance, myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury and prostate cancer[1][2][3].
    Panaxatriol
  • HY-N1990
    Gypenoside XLIX
    		Inhibitor 99.88%
    Gypenoside XLIX is a multifunctional bioactive compound that can be isolated from Gynostemma pentaphyllum, with a Ka value of 1.58 μM for its binding to SIRT1. Gypenoside XLIX acts as a PPAR-α agonist. It inhibits the activation of TLR4-mediated NF-κB signaling pathway by activating the Sirt1/Nrf2 signaling pathway, reduces ROS accumulation, and alleviates hepatic inflammatory injury in mice with sepsis-induced liver disease. Gypenoside XLIX targets SIRT1 to block YAP-NLRP3 activation and improve sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy. Gypenoside XLIX inhibits apoptosis (Apoptosis), pyroptosis (Pyroptosis), autophagy (Autophagy), lipid peroxidation, pro-inflammatory cytokines and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Gypenoside XLIX alleviates sepsis-induced splenic injury by inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress, and mitigates sepsis-associated encephalopathy by targeting PPAR-α. Gypenoside XLIX prevents acute kidney injury by inhibiting IGFBP7/IGF1R-mediated programmed cell death and inflammation. Gypenoside XLIX inhibits the expression and activity of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 in cytokine-induced human endothelial cells. Gypenoside XLIX is applicable to research related to acute liver injury, lung injury, cardiomyopathy, acute splenic injury, sepsis-associated encephalopathy, acute kidney injury, atherosclerosis and chronic inflammation.
    Gypenoside XLIX
  • HY-N7000
    Perillyl alcohol
    		Inhibitor
    Perillyl alcohol is an orally active monoterpene. Perillyl alcohol exhibits multiple activities such as analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-angiogenic, and anti-nociceptive effects. Perillyl alcohol can induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in tumor cells.
    Perillyl alcohol
  • HY-148660
    SFI003
    		Inducer 99.75%
    SFI003 is a SRSF3 inhibitor that drives CRC cell apoptosis via the SRSF3/DHCR24/ROS axis and exhibits potent antitumor effects both in vitro and in vivo.
    SFI003
  • HY-145816A
    JPS016 TFA
    		Inhibitor 99.47%
    JPS016 TFA is a class I histone deacetylase (HDAC) PROTAC inhibitor. JPS016 TFA recruits the VHL E3 ligase (Ligands for E3 Ligase) to mediate the ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of HDAC1, HDAC2 and HDAC3. JPS016 TFA reduces the viability of colon cancer cells and induces Apoptosis. JPS016 TFA activates the PINK1/Parkin mitochondrial Autophagy pathway, enhances cardiomyocyte viability, alleviates mitochondrial damage, and reduces mitochondrial ROS production in cells. JPS016 TFA is applicable to research related to colon cancer and sepsis cardiomyopathy.
    JPS016 TFA
  • HY-N1458
    Isoschaftoside
    		Inhibitor 99.95%
    Isoschaftoside, a C-glycosylflavonoid from Desmodium uncinatum root exudate, can inhibit the growth of germinated S. hermonthica radicles. Isoschaftoside reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induces proliferation in senescent cells. Isoschaftoside activates autophagy. Isoschaftoside can be used for anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antihypertensive, hepatoprotective and nematicidal study.
    Isoschaftoside
  • HY-16739
    Emeramide
    		99.74%
    Emeramide is a thiol-redox antioxidant and heavy metal chelator.
    Emeramide
  • HY-N0332
    Ziyuglycoside II
    		Activator 99.78%
    Ziyuglycoside II is a triterpenoid saponin compound extracted from Sanguisorba officinalis L.. Ziyuglycoside II induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and apoptosis. Anti-inflammation and anti-cancer effect.
    Ziyuglycoside II
  • HY-N2392
    Kukoamine A
    		Inhibitor 99.88%
    Kukoamine A, a spermine alkaloid, is an orally active and brain-penetrant component found in the root barks of Lycium chinense (L. chinense) Miller. Kukoamine A inhibits purified Crithidia fasciculata trypanothione reductase and soybean lipoxygenase, activates μ-opioid receptor. Kukoamine A can inhibt cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion, cause G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest and induce apoptosis. Kukoamine A exerts neuroprotective effect and can induce autophagy . Kukoamine A inhibits LPS (HY-D1056)-induced NO, ROS, PGE2, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 production and COX-2 activity. Kukoamine A reverses palmitic acid-induced insulin resistance, lipid accumulation, and oxidative stress via downregulation of Srebp-1c. Kukoamine A can be used for the research of cancer, infection, inflammation, metabolic and neurological disease, such as glioblastoma and Parkinson's disease.
    Kukoamine A
  • HY-N0316
    Mollugin
    		Activator 99.79%
    Mollugin is an orally active and potent NF-κB inhibitor. Mollugin induces S-phase arrest of HepG2 cells, and increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Mollugin induces DNA damage in HepG2 cells, as well as an increase in the expression of p-H2AX. Mollugin shows anti-cancer effect by inhibiting TNF-α-induced NF-κB activation. Mollugin enhances the osteogenic action of BMP-2 (bone morphogenetic protein 2) via the p38-Smad signaling pathway.
    Mollugin
  • HY-W010382R
    Oxaloacetic acid (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Oxaloacetic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Oxaloacetic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Oxaloacetic acid (2-Oxosuccinic acid) is a metabolic intermediate involved in several ways, such as citric acid cycle, gluconeogenesis, the urea cycle, the glyoxylate cycle, amino acid synthesis, and fatty acid synthesis, whereby Oxaloacetic acid facilitates the clearance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and improves mitochondrial function.
    Oxaloacetic acid (Standard)
  • HY-145237
    BM213
    		Inducer 99.81%
    BM213 is a selective C5aR agonist, with an EC50 of 59 nM. BM213 specifically activates the C5a-C5aR1 axis, which in turn promotes neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation and exacerbates inflammatory responses. BM213 significantly induces ventricular dilationin, promotes myocardial ROS production, and induces cardiomyocyte apoptosis in rats. BM213 can be used for the study of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury.
    BM213
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity