2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-101859
    NucPE1
    		98.0%
    NucPE1 (Nuc-H2O2 Probe) is a nuclear-localized fluorescent hydrogen peroxide that is specifically localized to cellular nuclei without appended targeting moieties.
    NucPE1
  • HY-W019724
    2,2-Dihydroxyacetic acid
    		Activator 98.0%
    2,2-Dihydroxyacetic acid is an endogenous metabolite, which is the monohydrate of Glyoxylic Acid. 2,2-Dihydroxyacetic acid may participate in the microbial glyoxylate cycle, induce an increase in reactive oxygen species, promote cell differentiation, and modify proteins to form advanced glycation end products (AGEs) (HY-NP165). 2,2-Dihydroxyacetic acid is associated with metabolic diseases such as primary hyperoxaluria.
    2,2-Dihydroxyacetic acid
  • HY-B0914
    10-Undecenoic acid,98% (stabilized with TBC)
    		Inhibitor 99.99%
    10-Undecenoic acid (Undecylenic acid) is an antifungal agent. 10-Undecenoic acid inhibits Aβ oligomerization, scavenges ROS and inhibits μ-calpain activity. 10-Undecenoic acid has neuroprotective effects. 10-Undecenoic acid has anticancer effects on a variety of tumors. 10-Undecenoic acid inhibits C. albicans biofilm formation and MRSA infection. 10-Undecenoic acid inhibits quorum sensing signals of Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
    10-Undecenoic acid,98% (stabilized with TBC)
  • HY-N0411R
    β-Carotene (Standard)
    		Modulator
    β-Carotene (Standard) is the analytical standard of β-Carotene. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. β-Carotene (Provitamin A), a carotenoid compound, is a naturally-occurring vitamin A precursor. β-Carotene is a modulator of reactive oxygen species (ROS), with antioxidant and antiinflammatory activities. β-Carotene may serve as an antioxidant or as a prooxidant, depending on its intrinsic properties as well as on the redox potential of the biological environment in which it acts. β-Carotene induces breast cancer cells apoptosis, with anticancer activities.
    β-Carotene (Standard)
  • HY-107744
    Nalmefene
    		Inhibitor 99.94%
    Nalmefene is a BBB-penetrable opioid receptor modulator. Nalmefene is an antagonist of MOR and DOR, and a partial agonist of KOR. Nalmefene has anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective activities. Nalmefene can be used in the research of reducing alcohol-dependent disorders.
    Nalmefene
  • HY-N0929
    Hexahydrocurcumin
    		99.70%
    Hexahydrocurcumin is one of the major metabolites of curcumin and a selective, orally active COX-2 inhibitor. Hexahydrocurcumin is inactive against COX-1. Hexahydrocurcumin has antioxidant, anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities.
    Hexahydrocurcumin
  • HY-N2454
    β-Elemonic acid
    		Activator 99.77%
    β-Elemonic acid is a triterpene isolated from Boswellia carterii. β-Elemonic acid induces cell apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and COX-2 expression and inhibits prolyl endopeptidase. β-Elemonic acid exhibits anticancer and anti-inflammatory effects.
    β-Elemonic acid
  • HY-D1151
    HKOH-1
    		98.13%
    HKOH-1 is a highly sensitive green fluorescent probe for the specific detection of ·OH in living cells with a maximum excitation wavelength and emission wavelength of 500 nm and 520 nm, respectively.
    HKOH-1
  • HY-N2440
    Gypenoside A
    		Inhibitor 99.79%
    Gypenoside A is an orally active triterpenoid compound that can be isolated from Gynostemma pentaphyllum. Gypenoside A has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Gypenoside A also has a certain protective effect on cardiomyocytes and can inhibit apoptosis. Gypenoside A can be used in the research of cardiovascular diseases and inflammation-related diseases.
    Gypenoside A
  • HY-B2239
    Riboflavin Tetrabutyrate
    		98.37%
    Riboflavin Tetrabutyrate is a lipophilic flavin derivative with antioxidative and lipid peroxide-removing activity.
    Riboflavin Tetrabutyrate
  • HY-119576
    Phox-I2
    		Inhibitor 99.46%
    Phox-I2 is a selective inhibitor of p67phox-Rac1 interaction, binds to p67phox with high affinity with a Kd of ~150 nM. Phox-I2 is a NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) inhibitor and inhibits reactive oxygen species (ROS) production.
    Phox-I2
  • HY-W004850
    Aminoacetone hydrochloride
    		Activator 99.44%
    Aminoacetone hydrochloride is an α-aminoketone and also a catabolite of threonine and glycine. When accumulated under pathological conditions, Aminoacetone hydrochloride participates in oxidative damage and protein dysfunction via the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and methylglyoxal, and it is associated with phenotypes such as diabetes, mitochondrial damage and sleep disorders.
    Aminoacetone hydrochloride
  • HY-135008
    J14
    		Activator 99.91%
    J14 is a reversible sulfiredoxin inhibitor with an IC50 of 8.1 μM. J14 induces oxidative stress (intracellular ROS accumulation) by inhibiting sulfiredoxin, leading to cytotoxicity and cancer cell death.
    J14
  • HY-132280
    Tirilazad
    		98.11%
    Tirilazad (U 74006F free base) is a neuroprotective agent. Tirilazad can also bind tightly to the main protease of the COVID-19 virus and exert anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity. Tirilazad scavenges hydroxyl and lipid peroxyl free radicals and maintains the levels of endogenous antioxidants. Tirilazad reduces cerebral infarct volume and improves neurobehavioral scores in animal models of focal ischemia. Tirilazad can be used in research related to ischemic stroke and subarachnoid hemorrhage.
    Tirilazad
  • HY-N6958
    2-O-β-D-Glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid
    		Inhibitor 99.98%
    2-O-β-D-Glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid (AA-2βG) is an orally active vitamin C derivative. 2-O-β-D-Glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid exhibits multiple activities including antioxidant, anti-tumor and immunomodulatory effects. 2-O-β-D-Glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid mediates tumor cell apoptosis, induces cell cycle arrest, scavenges free radicals and eliminates oxidative stress. 2-O-β-D-Glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid can be used in studies related to cancer, inflammation and immunity.
    2-O-β-D-Glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid
  • HY-W1000105
    Geranial
    		Activator 99.51%
    Geranial is an aromatic compound. It can be isolated from the fruits of Litsea cubeba Lour and the rhizomes of ginger (Zingiber officinale). Geranial inhibits LPS-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2, JNK1/3 and IκB in macrophages. It suppresses the secretion of IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6, as well as the expression of pro-IL-1β, iNOS and COX-2. Geranial increases ROS. It can be used in the research of inflammatory diseases.
    Geranial
  • HY-121192
    Capillarisin
    		Inhibitor 99.27%
    Capillarisin, as a constituent from Artemisiae Capillaris herba, is found to exert anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Capillarisin can be used for the research of asthma-mediated complications and can be a potential neuroprotectant against bupivacaine-induced neurotoxicity.
    Capillarisin
  • HY-14937
    Succinobucol
    		99.62%
    Succinobucol is a phenolic antioxidant with anti-inflammatory and antiplatelet effects.
    Succinobucol
  • HY-W021267
    3-Demethylcolchicine
    		Inhibitor 98.73%
    3-Demethylcolchicine, a colchicine metabolite and anti-inflammatory agent, exhibits potent tubulin-binding activity. 3-Demethylcolchicine inhibits carrageenan-induced rat paw edema. 3-Demethylcolchicine bears a hydroxyl group on its carbocyclic ring; this group participates in free radical scavenging processes, allowing it to act as a free radical scavenger. 3-Demethylcolchicine is applicable to studies related to carrageenan-induced paw edema.
    3-Demethylcolchicine
  • HY-174406
    MT-125
    		Activator 98.73%
    MT-125 is a specific and well-tolerated inhibitor of non-muscle myosin IIA (Ki,NMIIA = 2.7 μM) and IIB (EC50 = 1.7 μM). MT-125 can pass through the blood-brain barrier. MT-125 induces ferroptosis and DNA damage by increasing the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) within tumor cells. MT-125 can enhance the PDGFR signaling pathway. MT-125 can be used for research on glioblastoma.
    MT-125
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity