Geranial  (Synonyms: (E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dienal)

Geranial is an aromatic compound. It can be isolated from the fruits of Litsea cubeba Lour and the rhizomes of ginger (Zingiber officinale). Geranial inhibits LPS-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2, JNK1/3 and IκB in macrophages. It suppresses the secretion of IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6, as well as the expression of pro-IL-1β, iNOS and COX-2. Geranial increases ROS. It can be used in the research of inflammatory diseases^[1][2].

Geranial (6.6-66 μM; 24 h) exhibits no cytotoxicity toward J774A.1 murine macrophages, and promotes cell proliferation at 66 μM^[1].
Geranial (6.6-66 μM; 30 min preincubation, 6 h LPS stimulation) inhibits LPS-induced TNF-α and IL-6 secretion in J774A.1 murine macrophages, with TNF-α inhibition rates ranging from 57 to 75%^[1].
Geranial (6.6-66 μM; 30 min pretreatment, 6 h LPS stimulation) inhibits LPS-induced pro-IL-1β, iNOS, COX-2, and NLRP-3 expression in J774A.1 murine macrophages, with no dose dependency observed for COX-2 and NLRP-3 inhibition^[1].
Geranial (6.6-66 μM; 30 min pretreatment, 5.5 h LPS stimulation, 30 min ATP treatment) inhibits NLRP-3 inflammasome activation in J774A.1 murine macrophages, as shown by reduced caspase-1 p10 production and IL-1β secretion after LPS/ATP stimulation^[1].
Geranial (66 μM; 30 min pretreatment, 10, 20, 30, or 60 min LPS stimulation) inhibits LPS-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and IκB, and slightly inhibits phosphorylation of JNK1/3 and p38, in J774A.1 murine macrophages^[1].
Geranial (6.6-66 μM; 30 min pretreatment, 0-60 min LPS stimulation) increases intracellular ROS concentrations in LPS-stimulated J774A.1 murine macrophages, showing a dose-dependent enhancing effect rather than inhibition^[1].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

152.23

C₁₀H₁₆O

141-27-5

Liquid (Density: 0.8888 g/cm³)

Light yellow to brown

C/C(C)=C\CC/C(C)=C/C=O

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

4°C, protect from light

*In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light)

• [1]. Liao P C, et al. Anti-inflammatory activity of neral and geranial isolated from fruits of Litsea cubeba Lour[J]. Journal of Functional Foods, 2015, 19: 248-258.

  [2]. Iijima Y, et al. Biosynthesis of geranial, a potent aroma compound in ginger rhizome (Zingiber officinale): molecular cloning and characterization of geraniol dehydrogenase[J]. Plant Biotechnology, 2014, 31(5): 525-534.