2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-181057
    STING-IN-18
    		Inhibitor
    STING-IN-18 is an orally active STING inhibitor. STING-IN-18 exhibits an IC50 of 86 nM against STING in murine RAW-LuciaTM ISG cells. STING-IN-18 inhibits STING activation and blocks downstream signaling pathways. STING-IN-18 suppresses kidney injury and inflammation. STING-IN-18 can be used for the research of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.
    STING-IN-18
  • HY-N15380
    4,4′-Secalonic acid D
    		Inducer
    4,4′-Secalonic acid D (Compound 12) is a PARP1 inhibitor. 4,4′-Secalonic acid D induces the accumulation of ROS and DNA damage, activates the caspase-3/GSDME pathway, and triggers apoptosis and pyroptosis of tumor cells by inhibiting PARP1. 4,4′-Secalonic acid D has anti-tumor activity.
    4,4′-Secalonic acid D
  • HY-163034
    Antitumor photosensitizer-5
    		Inducer
    Antitumor photosensitizer-5 (Ru2) is a photosensitizer which effectively target tumor mitochondria with an IC50 of 0.3 μM for phototoxicity to A549 cells. Under 460 nm light irradiation, antitumor photosensitizer-5 induces the generation of reactive oxygen species and NADH depletion, causes mitochondrial damage and activation of caspase-3, inducing apoptosis and suppressing cell migration. Antitumor photosensitizer-5 has the potential to prevent the growth of malignant tumors, therefore, shows the potential to be applied to photodynamic therapy.
    Antitumor photosensitizer-5
  • HY-N0056R
    Isochlorogenic acid A (Standard)
    Isochlorogenic acid A (Standard) is the analytical standard of Isochlorogenic acid A. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Isochlorogenic acid A (3,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid) is a natural phenolic acid with anti-mutagenicity, anti-HBV, anti-HIV, anti-oxidant, anti-bacterial, and anti-inflammatoryy activities.
    Isochlorogenic acid A (Standard)
  • HY-12723R
    Apomorphine (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Apomorphine ((-)-Apomorphine) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Apomorphine (HY-12723). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Apomorphine is a potent dopamine receptor agonist. Apomorphine also inhibit MAO-A and MAO-B. Apomorphine exerts neuroprotective effect and can relax rat corpus cavernosum. Apomorphine can inhibit ROS production, DNA fragmentation and inibit JNK and ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Apomorphine can enhance degradation of intracellular Aβ40 and Aβ42, reduces tau protein levels and inhibit MMP-9 expression. Apomorphine is a highly potent radical scavenger and iron chelator. Apomorphine can be used for the researches of dementia, parkinson's disease, alzheimer disease, breast carcinoma, and erectile dysfunction.
    Apomorphine (Standard)
  • HY-132280R
    Tirilazad (Standard)
    Tirilazad (U 74006F free base) Standard is the analytical standard of Tirilazad (HY-132280). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Tirilazad (U 74006F free base) is a neuroprotective agent. Tirilazad can also bind tightly to the main protease of the COVID-19 virus and exert anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity. Tirilazad scavenges hydroxyl and lipid peroxyl free radicals and maintains the levels of endogenous antioxidants. Tirilazad reduces cerebral infarct volume and improves neurobehavioral scores in animal models of focal ischemia. Tirilazad can be used in research related to ischemic stroke and subarachnoid hemorrhage.
    Tirilazad (Standard)
  • HY-161786
    Bcl-2-IN-20
    		Inducer
    Bcl-2-IN-20 (Compound 81) is an inhibitor for Bcl-2 with IC50 <10 μM (79.1% inhibition at 9 μM). Bcl-2-IN-20 exhibits cytotoxicity in SK-MEL-28 (IC50>10 μM), A549 (IC50=6.1 μM), HepG2 (IC50>10 μM), MCF-7 (IC50=8.9 μM), HCT116 (IC50>10 μM) and HEK-293 (IC50=14.1 μM). Bcl-2-IN-20 promotes the ROS production, induces apoptosis and DNA damage.
    Bcl-2-IN-20
  • HY-161279
    Antibiofilm agent-5
    		Inducer
    Antibiofilm agent-5 (compound 6c) is a multitargeting antibacterial agent with potent antibiofilm activity. Antibiofilm agent-5 could induce metabolic dysfunction by deactivating lactate dehydrogenase and promote the accumulation of reactive oxygen species to decrease the reduced glutathione and ultimately cause oxidative damage in bacteria. Antibiofilm agent-5 can be used for the research of refractory biofilm-intensified bacterial infections.
    Antibiofilm agent-5
  • HY-181274
    Apoptosis inducer 59
    		Inducer
    Apoptosis inducer 59, a camphorsulfonamide-based thiazolylhydrazone derivative, is a apoptosis inducer with antitumor activity. Apoptosis inducer 59 can inhibit cell migration and invasiveness, cause S phase arrest, induce ROS production and depolarise mitochondrial membrane potential. Apoptosis inducer 59 can be used for the research of cancer, such as breast cancer.
    Apoptosis inducer 59
  • HY-180124
    CDK8-IN-20
    		Inducer
    CDK8-IN-20 (Compound 67j) is a selective, potent and orally active type I CDK8 inhibitor with an IC50 of 70.5 nM. CDK8-IN-20 shows IC50 values of 147.8, 726.9 and 217.4 nM for homologous kinase CDK19, CDK7 and CDK9. CDK8-IN-20 can inhibit the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and downregulate the expression of β-catenin, Cyclin D1, and c-Myc. CDK8-IN-20 can induce ROS production and cause G2/M and S phase arrest. CDK8-IN-20can be used for the research of cancer, such as colon cancer.
    CDK8-IN-20
  • HY-N7063R
    Nerol (Standard)
    		Activator
    Nerol (Standard) is the analytical standard of Nerol. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Nerol is a constituent of neroli oil. Nerol Nerol triggers mitochondrial dysfunction and induces apoptosis via elevation of Ca2+ and ROS. Antifungal activity.
    Nerol (Standard)
  • HY-N11895
    Isorabaichromone
    Isorabaichromone is a potent antioxidant agent. Isorabaichromone shows a potent antioxidative activity and exhibits DPPH radical and superoxide anion scavenging activities.
    Isorabaichromone
  • HY-183290
    Antileishmanial agent-41
    		Activator
    Antileishmanial agent-41 (Compound 20k) is a selective Antileishmanial agent with a IC50 of 1.51 μg/mL against Leishmania donovani. Antileishmanial agent-41 increases ROS levels. Antileishmanial agent-41 can be used for the research of leishmaniasis.
    Antileishmanial agent-41
  • HY-106981
    Orazipone
    		Inhibitor
    Orazipone (OR 1384) is a small molecule immunomodulator with strong anti-inflammatory properties. Orazipone exerts its immunomodulatory effect by forming reversible thiol complexes, which bind to intracellular signaling proteins and the thiol groups of glutathione. Orazipone exhibits potent anti-eosinophilic activity by inducing apoptosis. Orazipone inhibits activation of inflammatory transcription factors NF-kB and STAT 1 and decreases inducible iNOS expression and NO production in response to inflammatory stimuli. Orazipone reduces NADPH oxidase activity and thereby decreases ROS production. Orazipone has a protective effect in intestinal radiation injury.
    Orazipone
  • HY-175176
    HDAC1/6-IN-3
    		Agonist
    HDAC1/6-IN-3 is a potent HDAC inhibitor. HDAC1/6-IN-3 shows excellent inhibitory activities against HDAC1 (IC50 = 1.1 nM) and HDAC6 (IC50 = 2.7 nM). HDAC1/6-IN-3 significantly arrests HepG2 cells at the G0/G1 phase and induces apoptosis and pyroptosis. HDAC1/6-IN-3 exhibits significant antitumor activity in the HepG2 xenograft mode. HDAC1/6-IN-3 can be used for the study of cancers such as liver cancer, lung cancer, colon cancer and breast cancer.
    HDAC1/6-IN-3
  • HY-158205
    HPO-DAEE
    		Inducer
    HPO-DAEE (4-Hydroperoxy-2-decenoic acid ethyl ester) elicits nuclear accumulation of Nrf2 and activated antioxidant response element (ARE). HPO-DAEE induces antioxidant genes upregulation (eg: HO-1) through Nrf2-ARE signaling. HPO-DAEE induces reactive oxygen species generation. HPO-DAEE also inhibits histone deacetylase and upregulate expression of extracellular superoxide dismutase via histone acetylation. HPO-DAEE protects against 6-hydroxydopamine-induced cell death via activation of Nrf2-ARE and eIF2α-ATF4 pathways.
    HPO-DAEE
  • HY-N0735R
    Phellodendrine chloride (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Phellodendrine chloride (Standard) is the analytical standard of Phellodendrine chloride (HY-N0735). Phellodendrine chloride is an orally active plant alkaloid. Phellodendrine chloride inhibits the proliferation of KRAS-mutated pancreatic cancer cells by suppressing macropinocytosis and glutamine metabolism, inducing ROS accumulation and mitochondrial apoptosis. Phellodendrine chloride promotes autophagy by activating the AMPK/mTOR pathway, alleviating intestinal damage in ulcerative colitis. Phellodendrine chloride can alleviate gouty arthritis by inhibiting the IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway. Phellodendrine chloride suppresses allergic reactions by altering the conformation of MRGPRB3/MRGPRX2 protein, thereby inhibiting the activation of PKC and subsequent downstream MAPK and NF-κB signaling. Phellodendrine chloride inhibits the AKT/NF-κB pathway and down-regulates the expression of COX-2, thereby protecting zebrafish embryos from oxidative stress. Phellodendrine chloride has an anti-major depressive disorder (MDD) effect by down-regulating CHRM1, HTR1A, and the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
    Phellodendrine chloride (Standard)
  • HY-N4174
    Raddeanoside 20
    Raddeanoside 20 is a triterpenoid isolated from the rhizome of Anemone raddeana. Raddeanoside 20 can suppresse superoxide generation.
    Raddeanoside 20
  • HY-B1115AS
    Buspirone-d8
    Buspirone-d8 is deuterium labeled Buspirone.
    Buspirone-d<sub>8</sub>
  • HY-106652
    SUN-N8075 dimethanesulfonate
    		Inhibitor
    SUN-N8075 dimethanesulfonate is a radical scavenger with antioxidant and neuroprotective effect. SUN-N8075 dimethanesulfonate can inhibit apoptosis and ROS production. SUN-N8075 dimethanesulfonate can protect against 6-OHDA (HY-B1081)-induced cell death. SUN-N8075 dimethanesulfonate can be used for the research of neurological disease, such as Parkinson's disease.
    SUN-N8075 dimethanesulfonate
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity