2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-B1153
    Glafenine
    		Inducer 98.77%
    Glafenine (Glafenin) is a non-selective, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-based COX-1/COX-2 inhibitor. Glafenine exerts anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative and anti-cell migration effects by inhibiting the arachidonic acid metabolic pathway and reducing prostaglandin synthesis. Glafenine can induce cell cycle arrest in vascular smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells and reduce the synthesis of the extracellular matrix protein Tenascin. Glafenine can be used in the research of inflammatory-related diseases, vascular restenosis and cystic fibrosis (CF).
    Glafenine
  • HY-N0805
    Alisol B 23-acetate
    		Inhibitor 99.65%
    Alisol B 23-acetate is an orally active prototerpane-type triterpenoid. Alisol B 23-acetate can be isolated from Alisma orientalis. Alisol B 23-acetate induces Apoptosis, promotes ROS generation, downregulates CDK4/6, MMP-2/9, upregulates cleaved PARP, activates FXR and inhibits Syk. Alisol B 23-acetate has anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activities. Alisol B 23-acetate protects the kidney from ischemia-reperfusion injury. Alisol B 23-acetate has anticancer activity against ovarian cancer, colon cancer, lung cancer, and gastric cancer. Alisol B 23-acetate can be used in the study of atherosclerosis and allergic asthma.
    Alisol B 23-acetate
  • HY-P9923
    Benralizumab
    		Inducer 99.1%
    Benralizumab (MEDI-563) is an interleukin-5 receptor α (IL-5Rα)-directed cytolytic monoclonal antibody that induces direct, rapid and nearly complete depletion of eosinophils via enhanced antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Benralizumab can be used for severe eosinophilic asthma.
    Benralizumab
  • HY-135336
    (R)-Verapamil hydrochloride
    		Inducer 99.37%
    (R)-Verapamil hydrochloride ((R)-(+)-Verapamil hydrochloride) is an orally active P-Glycoprotein inhibitor. (R)-Verapamil hydrochloride blocks MRP1 mediated transport. (R)-Verapamil hydrochloride induces Apoptosis and inhibits L-type calcium channels BZPcc, DHPcc and PLLcc. (R)-Verapamil hydrochloride has anti-septic shock and anti-diabetic effects.
    (R)-Verapamil hydrochloride
  • HY-128423A
    Tylvalosin
    		Inducer 99.00%
    Tylvalosin (Acetylisovaleryltylo?sin) is an orally active, broad-spectrum macrolide antibiotic with antimicrobial activity. Tylvalosin is an antiviral agent used to study PRRSV infection. Tylvalosin induces apoptosis. Tylvalosin also has anti-inflammatory activity, alleviates oxidative stress, and alleviates acute lung injury by inhibiting NF-κB activation.
    Tylvalosin
  • HY-N5112B
    β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin
    		Inducer 99.30%
    β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin (Isoarnebin I) is a naphthoquinone derivative that can be isolated from Lithospermum erythrorhizon Sieb. et Zucc. β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin promotes angiogenesis by inducing eNOS, VEGF and HIF-1α expression through the PI3K-dependent pathway. β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin inhibits Notch-1 activation. β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin inhibtis tumor cell proliferation, induces tumor cell apoptosis, and inhibits tumor growth.
    β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin
  • HY-N0912
    Rehmannioside D
    		Inhibitor 99.89%
    Rehmannioside D is an orally active Sirt7 modulator. Rehmannioside D upregulates Sirt7 expression, inhibits the level of acetylated p53, and blocks the activation of the p53 signaling pathway. Rehmannioside D alleviates liver injury, inflammatory response, collagen deposition and hepatocyte apoptosis. Rehmannioside D is applicable to research related to liver fibrosis.
    Rehmannioside D
  • HY-P99934
    Eftozanermin alfa
    		Inducer 98.86%
    Eftozanermin alfa (ABBV-621) is a tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand receptor (TRAIL-R) agonist. Eftozanermin alfa is a fusion protein consisting of a mutant immunoglobulin G1-Fc linked to 2 single-chain trimers of TRAIL. Eftozanermin alfa induces apoptosis in tumor cells by activation of death receptors (DR4 receptor and DR5 receptor) with Kds of 780 nM and 635 nM. Eftozanermin alfa can be used for the research of multiple solid and heme malignancies.
    Eftozanermin alfa
  • HY-N2575
    Hypocrellin A
    		Inducer 99.73%
    Hypocrellin A is a PKC inhibitor that exerts antidiabetic activity by reversing the effects of high glucose on endothelin (ET-1) expression. Hypocrellin A is also a photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy (PDT) with anticancer, antibacterial and antiviral activities, especially against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In addition, Hypocrellin-A also possesses anti-Leishmania activity (IC50=0.27 μg/ml).
    Hypocrellin A
  • HY-N8432
    Dipyrithione
    		Inducer 99.92%
    Dipyrithione is a potent antimicrobial agent. Dipyrithione shows antifungal activity and antiproliferative activity. Dipyrithione induces apoptosis and cycle arrest at G1 phase. Dipyrithione shows anti-inflammatory activity in vivo. Dipyrithione shows anti-tumor activity. Dipyrithione has the potential for the research of dermatophytosis.
    Dipyrithione
  • HY-N4114
    Picrocrocin
    		Inducer 99.86%
    Picrocrocin, an apocarotenoid found in Saffron. Picrocrocin shows anticancer effect. Picrocrocin exhibits growth inhibitory effects against SKMEL-2 human malignant melanoma cells.
    Picrocrocin
  • HY-N0941
    beta-Mangostin
    		Inducer 99.84%
    beta-Mangostin (β-Mangostin) is a xanthone compound present in Cratoxylum arborescens, with antibacterial and antimalarial activities. beta-Mangostin exhibits antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis with an MIC of 6.25 μg/mL. beta-Mangostin possesses in vitro antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum, with an IC50 of 3.00 μg/mL. beta-Mangostin has potent anticancer activity against various cancers (such as hepatocellular carcinoma, leukaemic).
    beta-Mangostin
  • HY-N4136
    Lonicerin
    		Inhibitor 99.77%
    Lonicerin (Veronicastroside) is a flavonoid with multiple biological activities. Lonicerin inhibits xanthine oxidase with an IC50 of 37.4 µg/mL. Lonicerin inhibits alginate secretion protein (AlgE). Lonicerin inhibits P. aeruginosa and C. albicans. Lonicerin has anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritic, antioxidant, antifungal, anti-bacterial, and neuroprotective properties.
    Lonicerin
  • HY-18340A
    (R)-CR8 trihydrochloride
    		Inducer 99.37%
    (R)-CR8 (CR8) trihydrochloride, a second-generation analog of Roscovitine, is a potent CDK1/2/5/7/9 inhibitor. (R)-CR8 trihydrochloride inhibits CDK1/cyclin B (IC50=0.09 μM), CDK2/cyclin A (0.072 μM), CDK2/cyclin E (0.041 μM), CDK5/p25 (0.11 μM), CDK7/cyclin H (1.1 μM), CDK9/cyclin T (0.18 μM) and CK1δ/ε (0.4 μM). (R)-CR8 trihydrochloride induces apoptosis and has neuroprotective effect. (R)-CR8 trihydrochloride acts as a molecular glue degrader that depletes cyclin K.
    (R)-CR8 trihydrochloride
  • HY-N0299
    Stachyose hydrate
    		Inducer 98.0%
    Stachyose hydrate is an orally active prebiotic that enhances the growth and activity of beneficial bacteria. Stachyose hydrate has hypoglycemic effects and can improve inflammation by regulating gut microbiota. In addition, Stachyose hydrate can induce plant cell apoptosis (Apoptosis). Stachyose hydrate can be used in research on inflammation, gastrointestinal diseases, and agriculture .
    Stachyose hydrate
  • HY-W040045
    Callistephin chloride
    		Inhibitor 98.31%
    Callistephin (Pelargonidin 3-O-glucoside) chloride is an anthocyanin. Callistephin chloride regulates the expression of inflammatory (reducing iNOS/TNF-α/COX-2) and apoptosis-related proteins by inhibiting p38 phosphorylation, and enhances the protective effect of Isoflurane (HY-A0134) on microglial cell damage. Callistephin chloride significantly reduces ROS levels, eliminates DPPH free radicals, protects retinal pigment epithelial cells, and inhibits lipid peroxidation. Callistephin chloride can alleviate glutamate excitotoxicity, reduce neuronal apoptosis, and protect cerebellar granule neurons. Callistephin chloride can inhibit the proliferation and metastasis of breast cancer cells by inducing apoptosis.
    Callistephin chloride
  • HY-N2292
    Kinsenoside
    		Inhibitor 99.92%
    Kinsenoside is the main active ingredient of the genus plant, and has various biological activities. Kinsenoside and Nrf2 depend on the protection of nuclear cells (NPCs), which significantly reduces their ability to survive. Kinsenoside Active NPC Medium AKT-ERK1/2-Nrf2 Signal passage, Prevent physical decline, aging, harmonious physical function impairment. Kinsenoside can improve the puncture guide model for intermediate vertebral wall discharge (IDD).
    Kinsenoside
  • HY-121615
    α-Phellandrene
    		Activator
    α-Phellandrene (alpha-Phellandrene) is an orally active monoterpenoid and insecticide. α-Phellandrene can be isolated from plant essential oils. α-Phellandrene induces Apoptosis and Autophagy. α-Phellandrene promotes cAMP signaling pathway and increases NO production. α-Phellandrene has anti-inflammatory and anticancer (sarcoma) activities. α-Phellandrene shows insecticidal activity against Lucilia cuprina L3. α-Phellandrene reduces mechanical hyperalgesia.
    α-Phellandrene
  • HY-14674
    CP-724714
    		Inducer 98.72%
    CP-724714 is a potent, selective and orally active ErbB2 (HER2) tyrosine kinase inhibitor, with an IC50 of 10 nM. CP-724714 displays a marked selectivity against EGFR kinase (IC50=6400 nM). CP-724714 potently inhibits ErbB2 receptor autophosphorylation in intact cells. Antitumor activities.
    CP-724714
  • HY-12854
    Imetelstat
    		Inducer 99.43%
    Imetelstat (GRN163L) is a 13-mer oligonucleotide and competitive Telomerase inhibitor. Imetelstat binds with high affinity to the template region of the RNA component of human telomerase. Imetelstat induces Apoptosis. Imetelstat is capable of selectively eliminating myelofibrosis hematopoietic stem cells. Imetelstat leads to the loss of a cancer cell's ability to maintain telomere length, resulting in the inhibition of cell proliferation.
    Imetelstat
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity