2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. 상품명 효과 Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-174827
    POLRMT-IN-2
    		Inhibitor
    POLRMT-IN-2 is a potent POLRMT inhibitor. POLRMT-IN-2 exhibits strong antiproliferative activity in MOLM-13 cells, with an IC50 of 1.01 μM. POLRMT-IN-2 disrupts mitochondrial function and induces apoptosis in MOLM-13cells. POLRMT-IN-2 can be used for the study of acute myeloid leukemia(AML).
    POLRMT-IN-2
  • HY-149404
    Tyrosinase-IN-12
    		99.83%
    Non-competitive tyrosinase inhibitor (Tyrosinase-IN-12) is a potent, non-competitive tyrosinase inhibitor with an IC50 value of 49.33 ± 2.64 µM and Ki value of 31.25 ± 0.25 µM. Non-competitive tyrosinase inhibitor (Tyrosinase-IN-12) have the highest radical scavenging activity to reduce the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) with an IC50 value of 25.39 ± 0.77 µM. Non-competitive tyrosinase inhibitor (Tyrosinase-IN-12) can be used for anti-browning substances in the food and agricultural sectors.
    Tyrosinase-IN-12
  • HY-155785
    MTP
    		Inducer
    MTP is a PKM2 inhibitor. MTP induces cancer cell apoptosis by modulating caspase-3 activation. MTP induces autophagy and increases ROS generation. MTP also inhibits JAK2 signaling. MTP can be used for research of oral squamous cell carcinoma.
    MTP
  • HY-P11264
    Cyclic peptide P1-1
    		Inhibitor
    Cyclic peptide P1-1 is a high-potent GPR55 antagonist. Cyclic peptide P1-1 antagonizes GPR55 and suppresses collagen secretion. Cyclic peptide P1-1 reduces ROS production, attenuates ER stress, and inhibits mitochondria-associated Apoptosis. Cyclic peptide P1-1 inhibits the expression of α-SMA and COL1α. Cyclic peptide P1-1 ameliorates CCl4 (HY-Y0298)-induce and MCD-diet-induce acute liver inflammation and fibrosis.
    Cyclic peptide P1-1
  • HY-178425S
    Butylhydroxyanisole-d24
    Butylhydroxyanisole-d24 (Butylated hydroxyanisole-d24) is the deuterium labeled Butylhydroxyanisole (HY-B1066). Butylhydroxyanisole (Butylated hydroxyanisole) is an antioxidant used as a food additive preservative. Butylhydroxyanisole mediates liver toxicity, retardation in reproductive organ development and learning, and sleep deficit. Butylhydroxyanisole exerts neurotoxic effects and leads to disruption of the brain and nerve development. Butylhydroxyanisole is a ferroptosis inducer.
    Butylhydroxyanisole-d<sub>24</sub>
  • HY-149029
    TH-6
    		Inducer
    TH-6 is a potent HDAC inhibitor with IC50s of 0.115, 0.135, 0.242, 0.138, 2.120 µM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3, HDAC6, HDAC8, respectively. TH-6 inhibits cell migration and invasion. TH-6 induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase. TH-6 shows anti-tumor activity.
    TH-6
  • HY-P0100
    AHK
    		Inhibitor
    AHK is a bioactive peptide with antioxidant effect and has been reported used as a cosmetic ingredient.
    AHK
  • HY-N0410R
    Daucosterol (Standard)
    Daucosterol (Standard) is the analytical standard of Daucosterol. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Daucosterol is an orally active natural sterol compound, which has anti-inflammatory, anticancer and immunomodulatory activities. Daucosterol inhibits cancer cell proliferation by inducing autophagy through ROS-dependent manner. Daucosterol also inhibits colon cancer growth by inducing apoptosis, inhibiting cell migration and invasion and targeting caspase signalling pathway.
    Daucosterol (Standard)
  • HY-142570S1
    Nalmefene-d4
    Nalmefene-d4 is the deuterium labeled Nalmefene (HY-107744). Nalmefene is a BBB-penetrable?opioid receptor?modulator. Nalmefene is an antagonist of?MOR?and?DOR, and a partial agonist of?KOR. Nalmefene has anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective activities. Nalmefene can be used in the research of reducing alcohol-dependent disorders.
    Nalmefene-d<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-150755
    Topo I/COX-2-IN-2
    		Inducer
    Topo I/COX-2-IN-2 (Compound W10) is a potent dual-target inhibitor of Topo I and COX-2 with IC50 values of 0.90 μM and 2.31 μM, respectively. Topo I/COX-2-IN-2 induces cancer cell apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway.
    Topo I/COX-2-IN-2
  • HY-169412
    MAPK-IN-3
    		Activator
    MAPK-IN-3 (Compound 4a) is an anti-proliferative agent that shows particularly strong inhibitory effects on KYSE 30, HCT 116, and HGC 27, with IC50 values of 0.57 μM, 3.27 μM, and 2.28 μM, respectively. MAPK-IN-3 blocks the cell cycle via a p53-dependent mechanism and induces cell apoptosis through a p53-independent mechanism. MAPK-IN-3 downregulates the expression of cell cycle-related proteins like Cyclin D1 and cyclin B1, upregulates pro-apoptotic proteins such as cleaved PARP, cleaved caspase-7, and cleaved caspase-9, and reduces the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins like Bcl-2. Additionally, MAPK-IN-3 increases the intracellular level of ROS in KYSE 30 cells and upregulates the expression of members of the MAPK signaling pathway associated with ROS, such as p-ERK, p-p38 and p-JNK.
    MAPK-IN-3
  • HY-176724
    ZnPc-O3-JQ1
    		Inducer
    ZnPc-O3-JQ1 is a light-triggered BRD4 degrader. Under illumination, ZnPc-O3-JQ1 generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) that degrades BRD4. The degradation of BRD4 results in downregulation of HIF-1α, thereby counteracting the photodynamic therapy (PDT) resistance induced by tumor hypoxia. ZnPc-O3-JQ1 exhibits both Type I and Type II PDT mechanisms. The structure of ZnPc-O3-JQ1 consists of three parts: BRD4 ligand (HY-78695); Linker (HY-W040165); Photosensitizer (HY-176725).
    ZnPc-O3-JQ1
  • HY-169225A
    PDIC-NN dimethanesulfonate
    		Inducer
    PDIC-NN dimethanesulfonate (PDIC-NS) is a STING activator with anticancer activity. PDIC-NN dimethanesulfonate promotes the content and biostability of endogenous cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs). PDIC-NN dimethanesulfonate triggers ROS burst and causes serious damage to mitochondria. PDIC-NN dimethanesulfonate induces cell apoptosis and inhibits DNA replication. PDIC-NN dimethanesulfonate activates cGAS-STING signaling pathway, enhances the immunogenicity of tumor cells and activates a robust innate immune response.
    PDIC-NN dimethanesulfonate
  • HY-P1614
    ZEP-3
    		Inhibitor
    ZEP-3 is a tetrapeptide derivative with anti-aging activity for the skin. ZEP-3 can inhibit ROS production and alleviate oxidative stress.
    ZEP-3
  • HY-180782
    Triphenyltin(IV) diisopropyl dithiocarbamate
    		Activator
    Triphenyltin(IV) diisopropyl dithiocarbamate (Compound OC2) is an anti-leukemia agent. Triphenyltin(IV) diisopropyl dithiocarbamate exhibits extremely strong cytotoxicity towards Jurkat cells, with an IC₅₀ value of 0.1 μM. Triphenyltin(IV) diisopropyl dithiocarbamate causes DNA damage, which subsequently leads to mitochondrial dysfunction, a large amount of ROS production, and ultimately results in the activation of the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway (involving the activation of Caspase-9/-3) and the G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest, all of which jointly lead to the death of leukemia cells.
    Triphenyltin(IV) diisopropyl dithiocarbamate
  • HY-113410S
    3-Methylglutaric acid-d4
    		Inducer
    3-Methylglutaric acid-d4 is the deuterium labeled 3-Methylglutaric acid (HY-113410). 3-Methylglutaric acid is a non-selective inhibitor of mitochondrial function and Na+, K+-ATPase, with an inhibition rate of 30% on rat cortical synaptosomal Na+, K+-ATPase. 3-Methylglutaric acid can induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, thereby causing oxidative damage and inhibiting mitochondrial redox potential and ion pump function of cell membranes. 3-Methylglutaric acid can be used to study the neuropathological mechanisms of metabolic diseases and the role of oxidative stress-mediated neuronal damage in neurodegeneration.
    3-Methylglutaric acid-d<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-175816
    5-HT6R/FAAH modulator 1
    		Inhibitor
    5-HT6R/FAAH modulator 1 is a selective serotonin 5-HT6 receptor ligand and the fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) enzyme inhibitor. 5-HT6R/FAAH modulator 1 shows a pKi of 6.33 (5-HT6) and a pIC50 valuesof 6.29 (FAAH). 5-HT6R/FAAH modulator 1 also slightly inhibits acetylcholinesterase (AChE) or butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzymes (pIC50 = 5.12). 5-HT6R/FAAH modulator 1 can inhibit apoptosis and reduce ROS levels. 5-HT6R/FAAH modulator 1 can be used for the research of neurological disease, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD).
    5-HT6R/FAAH modulator 1
  • HY-182818
    SH494
    		Inhibitor
    SH494 is a p38 MAPK inhibitor and Nrf2 pathway activator. SH494 inhibits RANKL-induced phosphorylation of p38 and disrupts the MAPK cascade associated with osteoclastogenesis. SH494 activates the Nrf2 pathway, upregulates downstream target genes and induces the expression of cytoprotective enzymes. SH494 reduces intracellular ROS accumulation and restores mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) to normal. SH494 decreases osteoclast activity and alleviates osteoporosis symptoms in ovariectomized mice. SH494 can be used for research on osteoporosis.
    SH494
  • HY-N0353R
    Curdione (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Curdione (Standard) is the analytical standard of Curdione. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Curdione ((+)-Curdione) is an orally active sesquiterpenoid. Curdione inhibits platelet aggregation. Curdione induces ferroptosis in colorectal cancer via m6A methylation mediated by METTL14 and YTHDF2. Curdione inhibits ferroptosis in Isoproterenol (HY-B0468)-induced myocardial infarction by regulating the Keap1/Trx1/GPX4 signaling pathway, suppressing oxidative stress (ROS) and apoptosis. Curdione ameliorates Doxorubicin (HY-15142)-induced cardiotoxicity by inhibiting oxidative stress (ROS) and activating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Curdione ameliorates sepsis-induced lung injury by inhibiting platelet-mediated neutrophil extracellular trap formation. Curdione ameliorates Bleomycin (HY-17565A)-induced pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting TGF-β-induced fibroblast-to-myofibroblast differentiation. Curdione exhibits neuroprotective effects against focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Curdione exerts antiproliferative effects against human uterine leiomyosarcoma by targeting IDO1. Curdione protects vascular endothelial cells and atherosclerosis by regulating DNMT1-mediated ERBB4 promoter methylation. Curdione inhibits inducible prostaglandin E2 production (IC50 = 1.1 μM) and cyclooxygenase 2 expression.
    Curdione (Standard)
  • HY-155784
    SPC-180002
    		Inducer
    SPC-180002 is a SIRT1/3 dual inhibitor, with IC50 values of 1.13 and 5.41 μM, respectively. SPC-180002 disturbs redox homeostasis via ROS generation, which leads to an increase in both p21 protein stability and mitochondrial dysfunction. SPC-180002 strongly inhibits cell cycle progression and cancer cell growth. SPC-180002 activates the Nrf2 signaling pathway.
    SPC-180002
Cat. No. 상품명 / Synonyms Application Reactivity