Tyrosinase Inhibitor

2-Ketoglutaric acid (Alpha-Ketoglutaric acid) is an intermediate in the production of ATP or GTP in the Krebs cycle. 2-Ketoglutaric acid also acts as the major carbon skeleton for nitrogen-assimilatory reactions. 2-Ketoglutaric acid is a reversible inhibitor of tyrosinase (IC₅₀=15 mM).

Taxifolin ((+)-Dihydroquercetin) exhibits important anti-tyrosinase activity. Taxifolin exhibits significant inhibitory activity against collagenase with an IC₅₀ value of 193.3 μM. Taxifolin is an important natural compound with antifibrotic activity. Taxifolin is a free radical scavenger with antioxidant capacity.

N-Acetylneuraminic acid (NANA; Lactaminic acid), a nonphenolic structure, is the predominant form of sialic from Collocalia esculenta. N-Acetylneuraminic acid plays a biological role in myocardial injury, melanoma and viral or bacterial infection. N-Acetylneuraminic acid inhibits melanogenesis by reducing tyrosinase activity and triggers myocardial injury in vitro and in vivo by activation of the Rho/Rho-associated signaling pathway through binding to RhoA and Cdc42. N-Acetylneuraminic acid may prevent high fat diet (HFD)-induced inflammation and oxidative stress, thereby prevents hyperlipidemia-associated inflammation and oxidative stress. N-Acetylneuraminic acid is promising for research in the field of melanoma, coronary artery, obesity-related diseases and hyperlipidemia.

Arbutin (β-Arbutin) is a competitive inhibitor of tyrosinase, with K_i^app values of 1.42 mM for monophenolase; 0.9 mM for diphenolase. Arbutin is also used as depigmenting agents. Arbutin is a natural polyphenol isolated from the bearberry plant Arctostaphylos uvaursi, possesses with anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor properties.

(E)-2-Methoxycinnamaldehyde ((E)-o-Methoxycinnamaldehyde) is a tyrosinase inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 0.42 mM for mushroom tyrosinase. (E)-2-Methoxycinnamaldehyde is found in the twigs of Cinnamomum cassia. (E)-2-Methoxycinnamaldehyde can be used for the research of Parkinson's disease.

Kojic acid is a substance produced by Aspergillus oryzae that is orally effective and can also be absorbed transdermally. Kojic acid exhibits various biological activities, including anti-aging, anti-nematode, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects. Kojic acid is a Tyrosinase inhibitor with an Mushroom Tyrosinase IC₅₀ of 182.7 μM. Kojic acid prevents melanin production by capturing copper ions that bind to the tyrosinase active site, thus inhibiting its activation. Kojic acid also suppresses the NF-κB and p21 signaling pathways in human keratinocytes. Kojic acid derivatives have anticancer activity.

Decanoic acid is a key component of the medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) found in coconut oil. Decanoic acid is a brain-penetrant and non-competitive inhibitor of AMPA receptor showing antiseizure activity in rats. Decanoic acid reduces tyrosinase activity and inhibits melanosome maturation. Decanoic acid suppresses the phosphorylation of c-Met and induced apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells by inhibiting the expression of various oncogenic proteins, which is promising for research in the field of mTORC1 signaling, HCC and epilepsy.

Danazol inhibits the proliferation of cancer cell MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 with IC₅₀ of 65 µg/mL and 31 µg/mL. Danazol arrests the cell cycle at G1 phase, induces apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 through PKCα signaling pathway.

Phenylthiourea (Phenylthiocarbamide) is an inhibitor for phenoloxidase. Phenylthiourea inhibits enzymatic oxidation of DOPA by phenoloxidase (K_i = 0.21 μM). Phenylthiourea is an effective inhibitor for tyrosinase. Phenylthiourea can lead to graying of hair in black rats due to the interference with melanin formation.

Zinc sulphate is an orally active inhibitor of tyrosinase and glutathione reductase. Zinc sulphate enhances the activity of dopachrome tautomerase. Zinc sulphate delays anagen-related eumelanin production, induces hair hypopigmentation in mice, and accelerates wound healing. Zinc sulphate can be used in research related to benign gastric ulcers. Zinc sulphate can be used in research related to rheumatoid arthritis.

Isobutylamido thiazolyl resorcinol is a selective hTyr inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 1.1  μM. Isobutylamido thiazolyl resorcinol shows an IC₅₀ of 108  μM against mushroom Tyrosinase. Isobutylamido thiazolyl resorcinol effectively prevents pigmentation caused by UVB irradiation. Isobutylamido thiazolyl resorcinol significantly improves the visibility of acne-induced hyperpigmentation.

ZAP-180013 is a zeta-chain-associated protein kinase 70 (ZAP-70) inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 1.8 μM. ZAP-180013 inhibits the interaction of ZAP-70 SH2 domain with immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAMs).

Oxyresveratrol (trans-Oxyresveratrol) is a potent naturally occurring antioxidant and free radical scavenger (IC₅₀ of 28.9 μM against DPPH free radicals). Oxyresveratrol is potent and noncompetitive tyrosinase inhibitor with an IC₅₀ value of 1.2 μM for mushroom tyrosinase. Oxyresveratrol is effective against HSV-1, HSV-2 and varicella-zoster virus, and has neuroprotective effects.

Tropolone is a seven-membered non-benzenoid aromatic compound, which is the precursor of many Azulene derivatives. Tropolone is a potent mushroom tyrosinase inhibitor with an IC₅₀ value of 0.4 μM. Its inhibitory effect can be achieved by dialysis or excess CU2+ Reversa. Tropolone exhibits broad anti-viral and anti-fungal activity and is synergistic upon co-treatment with nucleos(t)ide analog drugs. Tropolone is a promising candidate for research in osteosarcoma.

Glycolic acid is an inhibitor of tyrosinase, suppressing melanin formation and lead to a lightening of skin colour.

2-Ketoglutaric acid (Standard) (Alpha-Ketoglutaric acid (Standard)) is the analytical standard of 2-Ketoglutaric acid (HY-W013636). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 2-Ketoglutaric acid (Alpha-Ketoglutaric acid) is an intermediate in the production of ATP or GTP in the Krebs cycle. 2-Ketoglutaric acid also acts as the major carbon skeleton for nitrogen-assimilatory reactions. 2-Ketoglutaric acid is a reversible inhibitor of tyrosinase (IC₅₀=15 mM).

Mulberroside A is one of the main bioactive constituent in mulberry (Morus alba L.). Mulberroside A decreases the expressions of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 and inhibits the activation of NALP3, caspase-1, and NF-κB and the phosphorylation of ERK, JNK, and p38, exhibiting anti-inflammatory antiapoptotic effects. Mulberroside A shows inhibitory activity against mushroom tyrosinase with an IC₅₀ of 53.6 μM.

α-Arbutin (4-Hydroxyphenyl α-D-glucopyranoside) is a tyrosinase inhibitor, which is used as an effective skin whiteners. α-Arbutin is promising for research of various diseases such as hyperpigmentation disorders, types of cancers, central nervous system disorders, osteoporosis, diabetes.

3-O-Ethyl-L-ascorbic acid is a stable derivative of vitamin C and a cosmetic tyrosinase inhibitor. 3-O-Ethyl-L-ascorbic acid has antioxidant, anti-aging, and skin-whitening activities. 3-O-Ethyl-L-ascorbic acid is often used in the study of cosmetic.

3,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of many food products, including beer, nuts, peanut, and pulses. 3,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid is the agonist for hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 1 (HCA1, also known as GPR81) that inhibits lipolysis in adipocytes. 3,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid is the competitive inhibitor for tyrosine phenol-lyase (TPL), exhibits an affinity of K_i=25.7 μM. 3,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid is orally active.