Cat. No.: HY-N0192

Arbutin

(Synonyms: β-Arbutin)

4 Cited Publications

Customer Review

Based on 4 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Arbutin (β-Arbutin) is a competitive inhibitor of tyrosinase, with K_i^app values of 1.42 mM for monophenolase; 0.9 mM for diphenolase. Arbutin is also used as depigmenting agents. Arbutin is a natural polyphenol isolated from the bearberry plant Arctostaphylos uvaursi, possesses with anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor properties.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

Purity: 99.76%
CAS No.: 497-76-7
Formula: C₁₂H₁₆O₇
Molecular Weight:272.25

Storage:

Powder -20°C, 3 years , 4°C, 2 years ; In solvent -80°C, 2 years , -20°C, 1 year

Arbutin Chemical Structure

CAS No.: 497-76-7

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Biological Activity
- Description
- IC₅₀ & Target
- Cellular Effect
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
- Clinical Trial
Chemical Information
Publications (4)
Solvent & Solubility
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Purity & Documentation
References
Help & FAQs
Bioz

Biological Activity

Description

Arbutin (β-Arbutin) is a competitive inhibitor of tyrosinase, with K_i^app values of 1.42 mM for monophenolase; 0.9 mM for diphenolase. Arbutin is also used as depigmenting agents^[1]. Arbutin is a natural polyphenol isolated from the bearberry plant Arctostaphylos uvaursi, possesses with anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor properties^[2]^[3].

IC₅₀ & Target

Human Endogenous Metabolite

All Endogenous Metabolite Isoforms :

Cellular Effect

Cell Line	Type	Value	Description	References
B16	IC₅₀	116 μM Compound: Arbutin	Inhibition of melanogenesis in theophylline-stimulated mouse B16-4A5 cells after 72 hrs Inhibition of melanogenesis in theophylline-stimulated mouse B16-4A5 cells after 72 hrs	[PMID: 19615910]
B16	IC₅₀	180 μM Compound: Arbutin	Inhibition of alpha-MSH-induced melanin production in mouse B16 cells after 72 hrs Inhibition of alpha-MSH-induced melanin production in mouse B16 cells after 72 hrs	[PMID: 20044259]
B16	IC₅₀	180 μM Compound: arbutin	Inhibition of alpha-MSH-induced melanin production in mouse B16 cells after 72 hrs Inhibition of alpha-MSH-induced melanin production in mouse B16 cells after 72 hrs	[PMID: 20097083]
B16	IC₅₀	180 μM Compound: Arbutin	Antimelanogenic activity in mouse B16 cells assessed as inhibition of alpha-MSH-induced melanogenesis Antimelanogenic activity in mouse B16 cells assessed as inhibition of alpha-MSH-induced melanogenesis	[PMID: 20638280]
B16	IC₅₀	120 μM Compound: Arbutin	Inhibition of alpha-MSH -stimulated melanogenesis in mouse B16 cells assessed as melanin release after 3 days Inhibition of alpha-MSH -stimulated melanogenesis in mouse B16 cells assessed as melanin release after 3 days	[PMID: 21388810]
B16	IC₅₀	1550 μM Compound: 2	Inhibition of tyrosinase activity in alpha-MSH-stimulated mouse B16 cells using L-tyrosine as substrate Inhibition of tyrosinase activity in alpha-MSH-stimulated mouse B16 cells using L-tyrosine as substrate	[PMID: 21429753]
B16	IC₅₀	99 μM Compound: 2	Inhibition of alpha-MSH-induced melanin synthesis in mouse B16 cells grown in a 5% CO2-95% air atmosphere after 3 days Inhibition of alpha-MSH-induced melanin synthesis in mouse B16 cells grown in a 5% CO2-95% air atmosphere after 3 days	[PMID: 21429753]
B16	IC₅₀	180 μM Compound: Arbutin	Inhibition of alpha-MSH-induced melanin production in mouse B16 cells after 3 days Inhibition of alpha-MSH-induced melanin production in mouse B16 cells after 3 days	[PMID: 21601449]
B16	IC₅₀	180 μM Compound: Arbutin	Antimelanogenic activity at alpha-MSH-stimulated mouse melanoma B16 cells after 3 days by spectrophotometry Antimelanogenic activity at alpha-MSH-stimulated mouse melanoma B16 cells after 3 days by spectrophotometry	[PMID: 22217872]
B16	IC₅₀	67.9 μg/mL Compound: Arbutin	Inhibition of alpha-MSH-stimulated melanogenesis in mouse B16 cells assessed as melanin release after 72 hrs Inhibition of alpha-MSH-stimulated melanogenesis in mouse B16 cells assessed as melanin release after 72 hrs	[PMID: 22450129]
B16	IC₅₀	140 μM Compound: Arbutin	Inhibition of melanin production in alpha-MSH stimulated mouse B16 cells after 72 hrs by spectrophotometry Inhibition of melanin production in alpha-MSH stimulated mouse B16 cells after 72 hrs by spectrophotometry	[PMID: 23623417]
B16	IC₅₀	400 μM Compound: Arbutin	Inhibition of alpha-MSH-stimulated melanogenesis in mouse B16 cells assessed as reduction in melanin formation Inhibition of alpha-MSH-stimulated melanogenesis in mouse B16 cells assessed as reduction in melanin formation	[PMID: 28619537]
B16	IC₅₀	247 μM Compound: Arbutin	Inhibition of melanin production in alpha-MSH-stimulated mouse B16 cells incubated for 24 hrs followed by alpha-MSH stimulation for 72 hrs in presence of compound Inhibition of melanin production in alpha-MSH-stimulated mouse B16 cells incubated for 24 hrs followed by alpha-MSH stimulation for 72 hrs in presence of compound	[PMID: 29526485]
B16	IC₅₀	64 μM Compound: Arbutin	Inhibition of alpha-MSH-stimulated melanogenesis in mouse B16 cells assessed as reduction in melanin production incubated for 3 days Inhibition of alpha-MSH-stimulated melanogenesis in mouse B16 cells assessed as reduction in melanin production incubated for 3 days	[PMID: 31387790]
B16-4A5	IC₅₀	>1000 μM Compound: Arbutin	Inhibition of theophylline-stimulated mouse B16-4A5 cell proliferation assessed as cell viability after 68 hrs by WST8 assay Inhibition of theophylline-stimulated mouse B16-4A5 cell proliferation assessed as cell viability after 68 hrs by WST8 assay	[PMID: 19615910]
B16-4A5	IC₅₀	174 μM Compound: Arbutin	Inhibition of theophylline-stimulated melanogenesis in mouse B16-4A5 cells after 72 hrs Inhibition of theophylline-stimulated melanogenesis in mouse B16-4A5 cells after 72 hrs	[PMID: 20189399]
B16-4A5	IC₅₀	174 μM Compound: Arutin	Inhibition of melanogenesis in mouse B16-4A5 cells after 72 hrs by spectrophotometry Inhibition of melanogenesis in mouse B16-4A5 cells after 72 hrs by spectrophotometry	[PMID: 23270663]
B16-4A5	IC₅₀	174 μM Compound: Arbutin	Inhibition of theophylline-induced melanogenesis in mouse B16-4A5 cells after 72 hrs by spectrophotometric analysis relative to control Inhibition of theophylline-induced melanogenesis in mouse B16-4A5 cells after 72 hrs by spectrophotometric analysis relative to control	[PMID: 23376010]
B16-4A5	IC₅₀	174 μM Compound: Arbutin	Inhibition of melanogenesis in mouse B16-4A5 cells after 72 hrs by spectrophotometry relative to control Inhibition of melanogenesis in mouse B16-4A5 cells after 72 hrs by spectrophotometry relative to control	[PMID: 24601675]
B16-4A5	IC₅₀	174 μM Compound: arbutin	Inhibition of melanogenesis in theophylline-stimulated mouse B16-4A5 cells after 72 hrs by microplate reader analysis Inhibition of melanogenesis in theophylline-stimulated mouse B16-4A5 cells after 72 hrs by microplate reader analysis	[PMID: 25987378]
B16-F1	IC₅₀	122 μM Compound: Arbutin	Inhibition of melanin production in C57BL/6J mouse B16-F1 cells incubated for 5 days Inhibition of melanin production in C57BL/6J mouse B16-F1 cells incubated for 5 days	[PMID: 27720556]
B16-F1	IC₅₀	148.3 μM Compound: Arbutin	Antimelanogenic activity in mouse B16-F1 cells assessed as reduction in alpha-MSH-stimulated melanin production preincubated for 72 hrs followed by alpha-MSH-stimulation and measured after 2 hrs Antimelanogenic activity in mouse B16-F1 cells assessed as reduction in alpha-MSH-stimulated melanin production preincubated for 72 hrs followed by alpha-MSH-stimulation and measured after 2 hrs	[PMID: 30446440]
B16-F1	IC₅₀	87.5 μM Compound: Arbutin	Inhibition of tyrosinase in mouse B16-F1 cells Inhibition of tyrosinase in mouse B16-F1 cells	[PMID: 30446440]
B16-F10	IC₅₀	391.2 μM Compound: Arbutin	Cytotoxicity against mouse B16-F10 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by XTT assay Cytotoxicity against mouse B16-F10 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by XTT assay	[PMID: 27720556]
Melan-a	IC₅₀	98.05 μM Compound: Arbutin	Inhibition of melanin formation in mouse Melan-a cells after 5 days by ELISA Inhibition of melanin formation in mouse Melan-a cells after 5 days by ELISA	[PMID: 20022495]
P388	IC₅₀	>25 μg/mL Compound: 3	Cytotoxicity against mouse P388 cells Cytotoxicity against mouse P388 cells	[PMID: 9214736]

In Vitro

Arbutin (0.3-5.4 mM; 24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours; B16 murine melanoma cells) inhibites the viability of B16 murine melanoma cells in a time-and dose-dependent manner^[2].
? Arbutin (1.4-5.4 mM; 24 hours) increases the apoptosis rate of B16 murine melanoma cell of treatment at a dose of 5.4 mM^[2].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Cell Viability Assay^[2]

Cell Line:

B16 murine melanoma cells
Concentration:

0.3 mM, 0.7 mM, 1.4 mM, 2.1 mM, 2.9 mM, 3.6 mM, 5.4 mM
Incubation Time:

24 hours, 48 hours or 72 hours
Result:

Inhibited the viability of B16 murine melanoma cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner.

Apoptosis Analysis^[2]

Cell Line:

B16 murine melanoma cells
Concentration:

1.4 mM, 2.9 mM, 5.4 mM
Incubation Time:

24 hours
Result:

Caused apoptosis in 19.3% of the cells.

In Vivo

Arbutin (50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg; oral administration; every day; for 17 days; male C57BL/6 mice) pretreatment exhibits markedly protective effects on ISO-induced cardiac hypertrophy in mice^[3].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model:

Male C57BL/6 mice ( 20-25 g)^[3]
Dosage:

50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg
Administration:

Oral administration; every day; for 17 days
Result:

Ameliorated the ISO-induced myocardial injury.

Clinical Trial

NCT Number	Sponsor	Condition	Start Date	Phase A549
NCT01329991	Plexxikon\|		2011-05	PHASE1

Chemical Information

CAS No. 497-76-7
Appearance Solid
Molecular Weight 272.25
Formula C₁₂H₁₆O₇
Color White to off-white
SMILES

O[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](CO)O1)O)O)[C@@H]1OC2=CC=C(O)C=C2
Synonyms

β-Arbutin
Structure Classification
- Phenols
Initial Source
- Endogenous metabolite
- Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites
- Microorganisms
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Storage

Powder	-20°C	3 years
	4°C	2 years
In solvent	-80°C	2 years
	-20°C	1 year

Publications (4)

All Cell Proliferation/Viability AssayWB

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Journal Impact Factor

Bioresour Technol

Migration of wood extractives in the fiberline of birch kraft pulp mill with ECF bleaching. [Abstract]

2026 Oct:457:134930. PMID: 42167373
Free Radic Biol Med

2025 Oct 24.

Arbutin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Free Radic Biol Med. 2025 Oct 24.

Cell viability after treatment with Arbutin (0–50000 μM) .
Bioresour Bioprocess

Mechanism of arbutin in metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease based on multi-omics research. [Abstract]

2026 Mar 25;13(1):36. PMID: 41879941
FEBS Open Bio

Arbutin suppresses osteosarcoma progression via miR-338-3p/MTHFD1L and inactivation of the AKT/mTOR pathway. [Abstract]

2021 Jan;11(1):289-299. PMID: 33146000

Arbutin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: FEBS Open Bio. 2021 Jan;11(1):289-299. [Abstract]

The proliferative ability was explored using CCK‐8 kit in MG‐63 and SW1353 cells treated with 10, 20, 50, 100, 200 and 500 μm Arbutin.

Arbutin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: FEBS Open Bio. 2021 Jan;11(1):289-299. [Abstract]

The expression of MTHFD1L, CCND1, AKT/p-AKT, and mTOR/p-mTOR in arbutin-treated osteosarcoma cells was detected by Western blotting.

Solvent & Solubility

In Vitro:

DMSO : ≥ 50 mg/mL (183.65 mM; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

H₂O : 33.33 mg/mL (122.42 mM; Need ultrasonic)

* "≥" means soluble, but saturation unknown.

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Preparing Stock Solutions

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Concentration Solvent Mass

1 mg

5 mg

10 mg

Concentration

Solvent

Mass

1 mM

3.6731 mL

18.3655 mL

36.7309 mL

5 mM

0.7346 mL

3.6731 mL

7.3462 mL

10 mM

0.3673 mL

1.8365 mL

3.6731 mL

Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

Molarity Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass Mass

Concentration Concentration

Volume Volume

Molecular Weight Molecular Weight

Dilution Calculator

Concentration _(start) × Volume _(start) = Concentration _(final) × Volume _(final)

Concentration _(start) Concentration _(start)

Volume _(start) Volume _(start)

Concentration _(final) Concentration _(final)

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In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

Stock Solution Working Solution

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (9.18 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

Protocol 2

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (9.18 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

Protocol 3

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% Corn Oil

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (9.18 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.

Working Solution

For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly:

It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.

The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: PBS

Solubility: 100 mg/mL (367.31 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator

Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage Dosage
mg/kg
Animal Weight (Per Animal) Animal Weight (Per Animal)
g
Dosing Volume (Per Animal) Dosing Volume (Per Animal)
μL
Number of Animals Number of Animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL

This product has good water solubility, please refer to the measured solubility data in water/PBS/Saline for details.

The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only.If necessary, please contact

MedChemExpress (MCE) .

Purity & Documentation

Select Batch:

Purity: 99.98%

Assay: 99.98%

ee.: 99.98%

Data Sheet (278 KB)
SDS (393 KB)
- English - EN (393 KB)
- Français - FR (393 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (393 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (393 KB)
- Español - ES (393 KB)
- Swedish - SV (393 KB)
- Italian - IT (393 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (393 KB)
COA (2659 KB)
Elemental Analysis Report (2659 KB)
HNMR (2659 KB)
CNMR (2659 KB)
RP-HPLC (2659 KB)
NP-HPLC (2659 KB)
MS (2659 KB)
LCMS (2659 KB)
IR (2659 KB)
GC (2659 KB)
OR (2659 KB)
SDS-PAGE (2659 KB)
SEC-HPLC (2659 KB)
Other Report (2659 KB)
Handling Instructions (2659 KB)

References

[1]. Garcia-Jimenez A, et al. Action of tyrosinase on alpha and beta-arbutin: A kinetic study. PLoS One. 2017 May 11;12(5):e0177330. [Content Brief]

[2]. Jiang L, et al. Investigation of the pro-apoptotic effects of arbutin and its acetylated derivative on murinemelanoma cells. Int J Mol Med. 2018 Feb;41(2):1048-1054. [Content Brief]

[3]. Nalban N, et al. Arbutin Attenuates Isoproterenol-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy by Inhibiting TLR-4/NF-κB Pathway in Mice. Cardiovasc Toxicol. 2019 Sep 4. [Content Brief]

Help & FAQs

How should lyophilized recombinant proteins be reconstituted and stored?

1. Before opening the cap, centrifuge the vial at 13000 rpm for 20-30 seconds. This step will ensure that any lyophilized powder that may have adhered to the cap or walls is collected at the bottom of the vial, minimizing the risk of product loss.

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg
H₂O / DMSO	1 mM	3.6731 mL	18.3655 mL	36.7309 mL	91.8274 mL
	5 mM	0.7346 mL	3.6731 mL	7.3462 mL	18.3655 mL
	10 mM	0.3673 mL	1.8365 mL	3.6731 mL	9.1827 mL
	15 mM	0.2449 mL	1.2244 mL	2.4487 mL	6.1218 mL
	20 mM	0.1837 mL	0.9183 mL	1.8365 mL	4.5914 mL
	25 mM	0.1469 mL	0.7346 mL	1.4692 mL	3.6731 mL
	30 mM	0.1224 mL	0.6122 mL	1.2244 mL	3.0609 mL
	40 mM	0.0918 mL	0.4591 mL	0.9183 mL	2.2957 mL
	50 mM	0.0735 mL	0.3673 mL	0.7346 mL	1.8365 mL
	60 mM	0.0612 mL	0.3061 mL	0.6122 mL	1.5305 mL
	80 mM	0.0459 mL	0.2296 mL	0.4591 mL	1.1478 mL
	100 mM	0.0367 mL	0.1837 mL	0.3673 mL	0.9183 mL

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

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Arbutin

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Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Arbutin

All Endogenous Metabolite Isoforms

Biological Activity

Chemical Information

Publications (4)

Solvent & Solubility

Purity & Documentation

References

Help & FAQs

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Arbutin Related Classifications

Cat. No.: HY-N0192