2-Ketoglutaric acid
Based on 6 publication(s) in Google Scholar
2-Ketoglutaric acid (Alpha-Ketoglutaric acid) is an intermediate in the production of ATP or GTP in the Krebs cycle. 2-Ketoglutaric acid also acts as the major carbon skeleton for nitrogen-assimilatory reactions. 2-Ketoglutaric acid is a reversible inhibitor of tyrosinase (IC50=15 mM).
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity: 99.68%
- CAS No.: 328-50-7
- Formula: C5H6O5
- Molecular Weight:146.10
-
Storage:Powder -20°C, 3 years , 4°C, 2 years ; In solvent -80°C, 6 months , -20°C, 1 month
-
Biological Activity
-
Chemical Information
-
Solvent & Solubility
- Purity & Documentation
- References
-
Help & FAQs
Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) 2-Ketoglutaric acid
More
Customer Validation & Images
-
Cell Proliferation/Viability Assay
All Endogenous Metabolite Isoforms
More
Biological Activity
|
Human Endogenous Metabolite |
Microbial Metabolite |
Tyrosinase 15 mM (IC50) |
|
Cell Line
|
Type | Value | Description | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HEK293 | EC50 |
54 μM
Compound: 164533
|
Substrate uptake by the Na(+)/Dicarboxylate Cotransporter 3 (NADC3, SLC13A3) as assessed by the fluorescent FLIPR membrane potential dye in HEK-293 JumpIN-SLC13A3 cells
Substrate uptake by the Na(+)/Dicarboxylate Cotransporter 3 (NADC3, SLC13A3) as assessed by the fluorescent FLIPR membrane potential dye in HEK-293 JumpIN-SLC13A3 cells
|
10.5281/zenodo.7360495 |
| HEK293 | EC50 |
54 μM
Compound: 164533
|
Substrate uptake by the Na(+)/Dicarboxylate Cotransporter 3 (NADC3, SLC13A3) as assessed by the fluorescent FLIPR membrane potential dye in HEK-293 JumpIN-SLC13A3 cells (PubChem AID: 1794820)
Substrate uptake by the Na(+)/Dicarboxylate Cotransporter 3 (NADC3, SLC13A3) as assessed by the fluorescent FLIPR membrane potential dye in HEK-293 JumpIN-SLC13A3 cells (PubChem AID: 1794820)
|
10.5281/zenodo.7360495 |
2-Ketoglutaric acid (Alpha-Ketoglutaric acid) has other physiological capabilities including reduction of ammonia level formed in the lung and general ammonia detoxification, protective role against lipid peroxidation and neuroprotective effect against cyanide poisoning[1].
2-Ketoglutaric acid acts as precursor for the synthesis of amino acids and nucleotides[2].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Chemical Information
-
CAS No. 328-50-7
-
Appearance Solid
-
Molecular Weight 146.10
-
Formula C5H6O5
-
Color Off-white to light yellow
-
SMILES
O=C(C(O)=O)CCC(O)=O
-
Synonyms
Alpha-Ketoglutaric acid; 2-Oxoglutaric acid
-
Structure Classification
-
Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
-
Storage
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month
Publications (6)
-
Journal Impact Factor
-
Most Recent
-
Nature
2025 Jul;643(8070):192-200. PMID: 39695227 -
Redox Biol
Enteric coronavirus PDCoV evokes a non-Warburg effect by hijacking pyruvic acid as a metabolic hub. [Abstract]2024 May:71:103112. PMID: 38461791
2-Ketoglutaric acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Redox Biol. 2024 May:71:103112. [Abstract]
Cells were infected with PDCoV in Gln-containing medium, Gln-free medium, or Gln-free medium supplemented with oxoglutaric acid (αKG) (1 or 4 mM).
-
Gut Microbes
2023 Jan-Dec;15(1):2186114. PMID: 36941257 -
Mol Biomed
Macrophage Trem2 deficiency aggravates aging-induced vascular remodeling by acting as a non-classical receptor of interleukin-13. [Abstract]2025 Dec 29;6(1):153. PMID: 41460571 -
PLoS Pathog
PoRVA G9P[23] and G5P[7] infections differentially promote PEDV replication by reprogramming glutamine metabolism. [Abstract]2024 Jun 21;20(6):e1012305. PMID: 38905309 -
Solvent & Solubility
DMSO : 250 mg/mL (1711.16 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
H2O : 50 mg/mL (342.23 mM; Need ultrasonic)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.
- For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
- To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
- The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (14.24 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (14.24 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly:
It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: PBS
Solubility: 100 mg/mL (684.46 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
-
-
-
-
Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
This product has good water solubility, please refer to the measured solubility data in water/PBS/Saline for details.
Purity & Documentation
-
Data Sheet (272 KB)
-
SDS (476 KB)
- English - EN (476 KB)
- Français - FR (476 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (476 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (476 KB)
- Español - ES (476 KB)
- Swedish - SV (476 KB)
- Italian - IT (476 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (476 KB)
-
Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
[1]. Huergo LF, et al. The Emergence of 2-Oxoglutarate as a Master Regulator Metabolite. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 2015 Dec;79(4):419-35. [Content Brief]
[2]. Gou L, et al. The effect of alpha-ketoglutaric acid on tyrosinase activity and conformation: Kinetics and molecular dynamics simulation study. Int J Biol Macromol. 2017 Dec;105(Pt 3):1654-1662. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| H2O / DMSO | 1 mM | 6.8446 mL | 34.2231 mL | 68.4463 mL | 171.1157 mL |
| 5 mM | 1.3689 mL | 6.8446 mL | 13.6893 mL | 34.2231 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.6845 mL | 3.4223 mL | 6.8446 mL | 17.1116 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.4563 mL | 2.2815 mL | 4.5631 mL | 11.4077 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.3422 mL | 1.7112 mL | 3.4223 mL | 8.5558 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.2738 mL | 1.3689 mL | 2.7379 mL | 6.8446 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.2282 mL | 1.1408 mL | 2.2815 mL | 5.7039 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.1711 mL | 0.8556 mL | 1.7112 mL | 4.2779 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.1369 mL | 0.6845 mL | 1.3689 mL | 3.4223 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.1141 mL | 0.5704 mL | 1.1408 mL | 2.8519 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.0856 mL | 0.4278 mL | 0.8556 mL | 2.1389 mL | |
| 100 mM | 0.0684 mL | 0.3422 mL | 0.6845 mL | 1.7112 mL |
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Powered by Bioz