1. Anti-infection Autophagy Membrane Transporter/Ion Channel Protein Tyrosine Kinase/RTK
  2. Parasite Autophagy SARS-CoV Potassium Channel ROS Kinase
  3. Mefloquine

Mefloquine (Mefloquin), an orally active and potent quinoline antimalarial agent, is an anti-SARS-CoV-2 entry inhibitor. Mefloquine is also a K+ channel (KvQT1/minK) antagonist with an IC50 of ~1 μM. Mefloquine can be used for malaria, systemic lupus erythematosus and cancer research.

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Mefloquine

Mefloquine Chemische Struktur

CAS. Nr. : 53230-10-7

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Based on 4 publication(s) in Google Scholar

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Beschreibung

Mefloquine (Mefloquin), an orally active and potent quinoline antimalarial agent, is an anti-SARS-CoV-2 entry inhibitor. Mefloquine is also a K+ channel (KvQT1/minK) antagonist with an IC50 of ~1 μM. Mefloquine can be used for malaria, systemic lupus erythematosus and cancer research[1][2][3].

IC50 & Target

Plasmodium

 

Cellular Effect
Cell Line Type Value Description References
BHK-21 CC50
20.44 3
Compound: 41
Cytotoxicity against BHK21 cells after 24 to 48 hrs by CCK8 assay
Cytotoxicity against BHK21 cells after 24 to 48 hrs by CCK8 assay
[PMID: 31549836]
BHK-21 CC50
20.44 3
Compound: 41
Cytotoxicity against BHK21 cells after 24 to 48 hrs by CCK8 assay
Cytotoxicity against BHK21 cells after 24 to 48 hrs by CCK8 assay
[PMID: 31549836]
BHK-21 CC50
20.44 3
Compound: 41
Cytotoxicity against BHK21 cells after 24 to 48 hrs by CCK8 assay
Cytotoxicity against BHK21 cells after 24 to 48 hrs by CCK8 assay
[PMID: 31549836]
Erythrocyte IC50
0.014 3
Compound: Mefloquine
Antimalarial activity against chloroquine sensitive Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 infected in human RBC assessed as parasite growth inhibition incubated for 72 hrs by SYBR Green dye based fluorescence assay
Antimalarial activity against chloroquine sensitive Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 infected in human RBC assessed as parasite growth inhibition incubated for 72 hrs by SYBR Green dye based fluorescence assay
[PMID: 36561069]
Erythrocyte IC50
0.014 3
Compound: Mefloquine
Antimalarial activity against chloroquine sensitive Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 infected in human RBC assessed as parasite growth inhibition incubated for 72 hrs by SYBR Green dye based fluorescence assay
Antimalarial activity against chloroquine sensitive Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 infected in human RBC assessed as parasite growth inhibition incubated for 72 hrs by SYBR Green dye based fluorescence assay
[PMID: 36561069]
HepG2 IC50
> 2000 14
Compound: Mefloquine
Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay
Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay
[PMID: 24139941]
HepG2 CC50
11.8 3
Compound: Mfq
Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in cell growth measured after 72 hrs by alamar blue assay
Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in cell growth measured after 72 hrs by alamar blue assay
[PMID: 27667552]
HepG2 IC50
> 2000 14
Compound: Mefloquine
Antimalarial activity against liver stage Plasmodium berghei ANKA sporozoites infected in human HepG2 cells after 48 hrs by luciferase reporter gene assay
Antimalarial activity against liver stage Plasmodium berghei ANKA sporozoites infected in human HepG2 cells after 48 hrs by luciferase reporter gene assay
[PMID: 24139941]
HepG2 IC50
11.5 3
Compound: Mefloquine
Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition incubated for 72 hrs by resazurin dye based fluorescence assay
Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition incubated for 72 hrs by resazurin dye based fluorescence assay
[PMID: 36561069]
HepG2 EC50
9.8 3
Compound: Mefloquine
Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells after 48 hrs by CellTiter-Glo assay
Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells after 48 hrs by CellTiter-Glo assay
[PMID: 29800827]
HepG2 IC50
>2000 14
Compound: Mefloquine
Antimalarial activity against liver stage Plasmodium berghei ANKA sporozoites infected in human HepG2 cells after 48 hrs by luciferase reporter gene assay
Antimalarial activity against liver stage Plasmodium berghei ANKA sporozoites infected in human HepG2 cells after 48 hrs by luciferase reporter gene assay
[PMID: 24139941]
HepG2 CC50
11.8 3
Compound: Mfq
Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in cell growth measured after 72 hrs by alamar blue assay
Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in cell growth measured after 72 hrs by alamar blue assay
[PMID: 27667552]
HepG2 IC50
11.5 3
Compound: Mefloquine
Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition incubated for 72 hrs by resazurin dye based fluorescence assay
Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition incubated for 72 hrs by resazurin dye based fluorescence assay
[PMID: 36561069]
HepG2 EC50
9.8 3
Compound: Mefloquine
Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells after 48 hrs by CellTiter-Glo assay
Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells after 48 hrs by CellTiter-Glo assay
[PMID: 29800827]
L6 IC50
4.5 3
Compound: MQ
Cytotoxicity against rat L6 cells after 72 hrs by alamar blue assay
Cytotoxicity against rat L6 cells after 72 hrs by alamar blue assay
[PMID: 25195945]
L6 IC50
4.5 3
Compound: MQ
Cytotoxicity against rat L6 cells after 72 hrs by alamar blue assay
Cytotoxicity against rat L6 cells after 72 hrs by alamar blue assay
[PMID: 25195945]
Splenocyte IC50
9.5 3
Compound: Mfq
Cytotoxicity against BALB/c mouse splenocytes assessed as [3H]-thymidine incorporation after 24 hrs by beta-radiation counting analysis relative to control
Cytotoxicity against BALB/c mouse splenocytes assessed as [3H]-thymidine incorporation after 24 hrs by beta-radiation counting analysis relative to control
[PMID: 24530492]
Erythrocyte IC50
0.014 3
Compound: Mefloquine
Antimalarial activity against chloroquine sensitive Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 infected in human RBC assessed as parasite growth inhibition incubated for 72 hrs by SYBR Green dye based fluorescence assay
Antimalarial activity against chloroquine sensitive Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 infected in human RBC assessed as parasite growth inhibition incubated for 72 hrs by SYBR Green dye based fluorescence assay
[PMID: 36561069]
Splenocyte IC50
9.5 3
Compound: Mfq
Cytotoxicity against BALB/c mouse splenocytes assessed as [3H]-thymidine incorporation after 24 hrs by beta-radiation counting analysis relative to control
Cytotoxicity against BALB/c mouse splenocytes assessed as [3H]-thymidine incorporation after 24 hrs by beta-radiation counting analysis relative to control
[PMID: 24530492]
HEK293 IC50
2.6 3
Compound: mefloquine
Inhibition of human ERG expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as reduction in tail current at membrane potential of +20 mV
Inhibition of human ERG expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as reduction in tail current at membrane potential of +20 mV
[PMID: 25746816]
U-251 IC50
10 3
Compound: 80
Antiproliferative activity against human U251 cells by MTT assay
Antiproliferative activity against human U251 cells by MTT assay
[PMID: 30583248]
U-251 IC50
10 3
Compound: 80
Antiproliferative activity against human U251 cells by MTT assay
Antiproliferative activity against human U251 cells by MTT assay
[PMID: 30583248]
Vero CC50
21 3
Compound: MQ
Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation
Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation
[PMID: 33636304]
HepG2 CC50
11.8 3
Compound: Mfq
Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in cell growth measured after 72 hrs by alamar blue assay
Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in cell growth measured after 72 hrs by alamar blue assay
[PMID: 27667552]
Vero CC50
212 3
Compound: Mefloquine
Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 72 hrs by XTT assay
Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 72 hrs by XTT assay
[PMID: 28068604]
Vero CC50
212 3
Compound: Mefloquine
Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 72 hrs by XTT assay
Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 72 hrs by XTT assay
[PMID: 28068604]
HepG2 EC50
9.8 3
Compound: Mefloquine
Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells after 48 hrs by CellTiter-Glo assay
Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells after 48 hrs by CellTiter-Glo assay
[PMID: 29800827]
HepG2 IC50
11.5 3
Compound: Mefloquine
Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition incubated for 72 hrs by resazurin dye based fluorescence assay
Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition incubated for 72 hrs by resazurin dye based fluorescence assay
[PMID: 36561069]
Vero EC50
3.6 3
Compound: Mefloquine
Antiviral activity against Zika virus infected in African green monkey Vero cells assessed as inhibition of viral RNA replication after 24 hrs by RT-PCR method
Antiviral activity against Zika virus infected in African green monkey Vero cells assessed as inhibition of viral RNA replication after 24 hrs by RT-PCR method
[PMID: 28068604]
HepG2 IC50
> 2000 14
Compound: Mefloquine
Antimalarial activity against liver stage Plasmodium berghei ANKA sporozoites infected in human HepG2 cells after 48 hrs by luciferase reporter gene assay
Antimalarial activity against liver stage Plasmodium berghei ANKA sporozoites infected in human HepG2 cells after 48 hrs by luciferase reporter gene assay
[PMID: 24139941]
Vero EC50
3.95 3
Compound: 41
Antiviral activity against Zika virus MR766 infected in African green monkey Vero cells by plaque assay
Antiviral activity against Zika virus MR766 infected in African green monkey Vero cells by plaque assay
[PMID: 31549836]
HepG2 IC50
> 2000 14
Compound: Mefloquine
Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay
Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay
[PMID: 24139941]
L6 IC50
4.5 3
Compound: MQ
Cytotoxicity against rat L6 cells after 72 hrs by alamar blue assay
Cytotoxicity against rat L6 cells after 72 hrs by alamar blue assay
[PMID: 25195945]
Splenocyte IC50
9.5 3
Compound: Mfq
Cytotoxicity against BALB/c mouse splenocytes assessed as [3H]-thymidine incorporation after 24 hrs by beta-radiation counting analysis relative to control
Cytotoxicity against BALB/c mouse splenocytes assessed as [3H]-thymidine incorporation after 24 hrs by beta-radiation counting analysis relative to control
[PMID: 24530492]
U-251 IC50
10 3
Compound: 80
Antiproliferative activity against human U251 cells by MTT assay
Antiproliferative activity against human U251 cells by MTT assay
[PMID: 30583248]
Vero CC50
21 3
Compound: MQ
Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation
Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation
[PMID: 33636304]
Vero CC50
212 3
Compound: Mefloquine
Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 72 hrs by XTT assay
Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 72 hrs by XTT assay
[PMID: 28068604]
Vero EC50
3.6 3
Compound: Mefloquine
Antiviral activity against Zika virus infected in African green monkey Vero cells assessed as inhibition of viral RNA replication after 24 hrs by RT-PCR method
Antiviral activity against Zika virus infected in African green monkey Vero cells assessed as inhibition of viral RNA replication after 24 hrs by RT-PCR method
[PMID: 28068604]
Vero EC50
3.95 3
Compound: 41
Antiviral activity against Zika virus MR766 infected in African green monkey Vero cells by plaque assay
Antiviral activity against Zika virus MR766 infected in African green monkey Vero cells by plaque assay
[PMID: 31549836]
In Vitro

Mefloquine selectively inhibits prostate cancer (PCa) cell growth with an IC50 of ~10 μM. Mefloquine also induces hyperpolarization of the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), as well as ROS generation[2].
Mefloquine (10 μM)-mediated ROS simultaneously downregulated Akt phosphorylation and activated ERK, JNK and AMPK signaling in PC3 cells[2].
Mefloquine shows higher anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity than Hydroxychloroquine in VeroE6/TMPRSS2 and Calu-3 cells, with IC50 of 1.28 μM, IC90 of 2.31 μM, and IC99 of 4.39 μM in VeroE6/TMPRSS2 cells. Mefloquine inhibits viral entry after viral attachment to the target cell[3].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

In Vivo

Mefloquine (5 mg/kg; i.p.; daily; 14 days) reverses the lower vertebral cancellous bone volume and bone formation; and has modest effects on cortical bone volume, thickness, and moment of inertia in old mice[4].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Klinische Studie
Molekulargewicht

378.31

Formel

C17H16F6N2O

CAS. Nr.
Appearance

Solid

Color

White to off-white

SMILES

O[C@H]([C@]1([H])NCCCC1)C2=CC(C(F)(F)F)=NC3=C(C(F)(F)F)C=CC=C32

Versand

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Speicherung
Powder -20°C 3 years
4°C 2 years
In solvent -80°C 6 months
-20°C 1 month
Lösungsmittel & Löslichkeit
In Vitro: 

DMSO : 200 mg/mL (528.67 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

Preparing
Stock Solutions
Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 2.6433 mL 13.2167 mL 26.4333 mL
5 mM 0.5287 mL 2.6433 mL 5.2867 mL
View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

  • Molaritätsrechner

  • Verdünnungsrechner

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass
=
Concentration
×
Volume
×
Molecular Weight *

Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

Concentration (start)

C1

×
Volume (start)

V1

=
Concentration (final)

C2

×
Volume (final)

V2

In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

  • Protocol 1

    Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    40% PEG300    5% Tween-80    45% Saline

    Solubility: ≥ 5 mg/mL (13.22 mM); Clear solution

    This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

    Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (50.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

    Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
  • Protocol 2

    Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    90% Corn Oil

    Solubility: ≥ 5 mg/mL (13.22 mM); Clear solution

    This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 5 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.

    Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (50.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage

mg/kg

Animal weight
(per animal)

g

Dosing volume
(per animal)

μL

Number of animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
%
DMSO +
+
%
Tween-80 +
%
Saline
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Calculation results:
Working solution concentration: mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL  DMSO (Stock solution concentration: mg/mL).
The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only. If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).
Method for preparing in vivo working solution for animal experiments: Take μL DMSO stock solution, add μL . μL , mix evenly, next add μL Tween 80, mix evenly, then add μL Saline.
 If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Reinheit & Dokumentation
Verweise

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Optional Solvent Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg
DMSO 1 mM 2.6433 mL 13.2167 mL 26.4333 mL 66.0834 mL
5 mM 0.5287 mL 2.6433 mL 5.2867 mL 13.2167 mL
10 mM 0.2643 mL 1.3217 mL 2.6433 mL 6.6083 mL
15 mM 0.1762 mL 0.8811 mL 1.7622 mL 4.4056 mL
20 mM 0.1322 mL 0.6608 mL 1.3217 mL 3.3042 mL
25 mM 0.1057 mL 0.5287 mL 1.0573 mL 2.6433 mL
30 mM 0.0881 mL 0.4406 mL 0.8811 mL 2.2028 mL
40 mM 0.0661 mL 0.3304 mL 0.6608 mL 1.6521 mL
50 mM 0.0529 mL 0.2643 mL 0.5287 mL 1.3217 mL
60 mM 0.0441 mL 0.2203 mL 0.4406 mL 1.1014 mL
80 mM 0.0330 mL 0.1652 mL 0.3304 mL 0.8260 mL
100 mM 0.0264 mL 0.1322 mL 0.2643 mL 0.6608 mL
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    Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

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