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Results for "

microbial metabolism

" in MedChemExpress (MCE) Product Catalog:

By Targets:	AMPK (1) Antibiotic (10) Apoptosis (11) Bacterial (16) Biochemical Assay Reagents (1) CaMK (1) Drug Metabolite (3) Endogenous Metabolite (14) Environmental Pollutants (7) ERK (1) Ferroptosis (2) Fungal (1) Glutathione S-transferase (1) Hydroxycarboxylic Acid Receptor (HCAR) (1) iGluR (1) Isotope-Labeled Compounds (4) Necroptosis (10) P-glycoprotein (1) p38 MAPK (1) Parasite (1) PROTAC Linkers (1) Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) (2) Reference Standards (8)
By Research Areas:	Cancer (2) Cardiovascular Disease (4) Endocrinology (2) Infection (15) Inflammation/Immunology (5) Metabolic Disease (12) Neurological Disease (2)
Oligonucleotides:	Cholesterol (1)

Inhibitors & Agonists

Screening Libraries

Biochemical Assay Reagents

Peptides

Natural
Products

Isotope-Labeled Compounds

Oligonucleotides

Targets Recommended: Mitochondrial Metabolism

Cat. No.	Product Name	Target	Research Areas	Chemical Structure

HY-Y0520

Itaconic acid 2 Publications Verification Methylenesuccinic acid	Endogenous Metabolite Ferroptosis	Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
Itaconic acid, a precursor of polymers, chemicals, and fuels, can be synthesized by many fungi. Itaconic acid also is a macrophage-specific metabolite. Itaconic acid mediates crosstalk between macrophage metabolism and peritoneal tumors. Itaconic acid has anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial and immunomodulatory effect .

HY-B0172B

Isolithocholic acid 3β-Hydroxy-5β-cholanic acid; 3-Epilithocholic acid; β-Lithocholic acid	Endogenous Metabolite	Endocrinology
Isolithocholic acid (β-Lithocholic acid) is an isomer of Lithocholic acid. Isolithocholic acid, a bile acid, is formed by microbial metabolism of Lithocholic acid or Lithocholic acid 3α-sulfate .

HY-N0321

Caftaric acid trans-Caftaric acid	Others	Cardiovascular Disease Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology
Caftaric acid (trans-Caftaric acid) is a polyphenolic antidiuretic, antioxidant and anti-apoptotic agent that can be hydrolyzed by intestinal microbial esterases. Caftaric acid exerts its antioxidant and potential anti-inflammatory effects mainly through intestinal microbial metabolism. Caftaric acid can reduce renal damage, restore electrolyte balance, renal function indicators and antioxidant enzyme activities in a rat albinism model, and further exert anti-oxidative stress and anti-inflammatory activities .

HY-B1248

Chlorhexidine Maximum Cited Publications 13 Publications Verification	Environmental Pollutants Antibiotic Necroptosis Bacterial Apoptosis	Infection
Chlorhexidine is a orally active cationic antimicrobial agent that targets microbial cell membranes. Chlorhexidine binds to cell membrane phospholipids non-specifically, destroys membrane structure and induces leakage of cell contents. Chlorhexidine has broad-spectrum bactericidal activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Chlorhexidine can interfere with membrane permeability, cause protein precipitation and energy metabolism disorders, such as rapid inhibition of microbial growth and induction of cell death (necrosis or apoptosis) .

HY-B0608

Chlorhexidine digluconate (20% in water) Maximum Cited Publications 13 Publications Verification	Environmental Pollutants Antibiotic Bacterial Necroptosis Apoptosis	Infection
Chlorhexidine digluconate (20% in water) is a orally active cationic antimicrobial agent that targets microbial cell membranes. Chlorhexidine digluconate (20% in water) binds to cell membrane phospholipids non-specifically, destroys membrane structure and induces leakage of cell contents. Chlorhexidine digluconate (20% in water) has broad-spectrum bactericidal activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Chlorhexidine digluconate (20% in water) can interfere with membrane permeability, cause protein precipitation and energy metabolism disorders, such as rapid inhibition of microbial growth and induction of cell death (necrosis or apoptosis) .

HY-W013699

Chlorhexidine diacetate Maximum Cited Publications 13 Publications Verification	Environmental Pollutants Antibiotic Necroptosis Bacterial Apoptosis	Infection
Chlorhexidine diacetate is a orally active cationic antimicrobial agent that targets microbial cell membranes. Chlorhexidine diacetate binds to cell membrane phospholipids non-specifically, destroys membrane structure and induces leakage of cell contents. Chlorhexidine diacetate has broad-spectrum bactericidal activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Chlorhexidine diacetate can interfere with membrane permeability, cause protein precipitation and energy metabolism disorders, such as rapid inhibition of microbial growth and induction of cell death (necrosis or apoptosis) .

HY-W017766

Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) hydrochloride PHMB	Environmental Pollutants Bacterial	Infection
Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is an antimicrobial and antiviral agent. Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) hydrochloride is active against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) hydrochloride works by adsorbing to the surface of cellulose, which can damage microbial cell membranes and interfere with metabolism. Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) hydrochloride is widely used in medical, clothing and household textiles, and cosmetic fields .

HY-128746

2,6-Diaminoheptanedioic acid	Endogenous Metabolite	Metabolic Disease
2,6-Diaminopimelic acid is a endogenous metabolite produced in bacteria and is a component of cell wall. 2,6-Diaminopimelic acid is essential for microbial metabolism and is a potential marker for quantification of microbial proteins .

HY-41325

7,12-Diketolithocholic acid 7,12-Dioxolithocholic acid; 3-Hydroxy-7,12-diketocholanoic acid; 7,12-Diketo-LCA	Endogenous Metabolite	Others
7,12-Diketolithocholic acid (7,12-Diketo-LCA) is a bile acid, which can be produced in the host-gut microbial co-metabolism of the bile acid pool .

HY-30216A

Leucic acid α-Hydroxyisocaproic acid	Drug Metabolite Hydroxycarboxylic Acid Receptor (HCAR) AMPK ERK	Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology
Leucic acid (α-Hydroxyisocaproic acid) is an orally active end-product of the microbial metabolism of leucine. Leucic acid can bind to HCAR2, alters AMPK and ERK1/2 phosphorylation status, suppresses lipid synthesis, promotes catabolism, reduces adiposity, enhances lean mass and exercise capacity. Leucic acid suppresses pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion, inflammation-related gene mRNA expression. Leucic acid decreases basal protein synthesis, attenuates myotube atrophy. Leucic acid can be used for the research of obesity .

HY-W015969

1-Aminopropan-2-ol Monoisopropanolamine	Environmental Pollutants Endogenous Metabolite	Metabolic Disease
1-Aminopropan-2-ol is a microbial metabolism of amino alcohol metabolism via propionaldehyde and acetaldehyde in a species of Pseudomonas .

HY-B1145

Chlorhexidine dihydrochloride Maximum Cited Publications 13 Publications Verification	Environmental Pollutants Antibiotic Apoptosis Bacterial Necroptosis	Infection
Chlorhexidine dihydrochloride is a orally active cationic antimicrobial agent that targets microbial cell membranes. Chlorhexidine dihydrochloride binds to cell membrane phospholipids non-specifically, destroys membrane structure and induces leakage of cell contents. Chlorhexidine dihydrochloride has broad-spectrum bactericidal activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Chlorhexidine dihydrochloride can interfere with membrane permeability, cause protein precipitation and energy metabolism disorders, such as rapid inhibition of microbial growth and induction of cell death (necrosis or apoptosis) .

HY-Y1139

Pimelic acid 2 Publications Verification Heptanedioic acid; 1,5-Pentanedicarboxylic acid; 1,7-Heptanedioic acid	Endogenous Metabolite PROTAC Linkers	Metabolic Disease
Pimelic acid (Heptanedioic acid; 1,5-Pentanedicarboxylic acid) is a seven-carbon α,ω-dicarboxylic acid and a downstream product of fatty acid synthesis. Pimelic acid is a key precursor in biotin biosynthesis. Pimelic acid can be converted to pimelic acid-CoA by the BioW enzyme, thereby bypassing exogenous biotin requirements to support growth in various biotinytrophic bacteria and fungi, and reversing antibiotic-induced inhibition of biotin synthesis. Furthermore, Pimelic acid has been proposed as a highly specific biomarker for oxygen-induced retinopathy in mice. Pimelic acid can be used to study retinopathy of preterm infants, oxygen-induced retinopathy, and microbial biotin metabolism .

HY-P2834

Penicillin amidase, E. coli (Immobilized) PGA	Biochemical Assay Reagents	Others
Penicillin amidase, E. coli (Immobilized) (PGA) is an amidohydrolase commonly used in industrial biocatalysis. Penicillin amidase, E. coli (Immobilized) serves as a starting material in the synthesis of semi-synthetic penicillins. Penicillin amidase, E. coli (Immobilized) promotes the production of semi-synthetic β-lactam antibiotics, participates in peptide synthesis, and catalyzes the formation of chiral compounds. Penicillin amidase, E. coli (Immobilized) is regulated by temperature and phenylacetic acid in E. coli. In free E. coli, it participates in the assimilation of aromatic compounds as a carbon source. Penicillin amidase, E. coli (Immobilized) is hypothesized to act as a scavenging enzyme for phenylacetyl-containing compounds in microbial metabolism and is associated with bacterial quorum sensing .

HY-N2840

Allitol 1 Publications Verification Allodulcitol	Others	Metabolic Disease
Allitol (Allodulcitol) is an orally active rare sugar alcohol found in Itea virginica L, Tylopilus plumbeoviolaceus. Allitol has anti-obesity and hypoglycaemic activities. Allitol reduces carcass and total body fat mass, increases cecal weight, surface area, and short-chain fatty acid production, and upregulates cecal microbial enzymes linked to butyrate metabolism. Allitol can be used for the researches of obesity and diabetes .

HY-N1916

Coniferyl ferulate 1 Publications Verification	Glutathione S-transferase P-glycoprotein Apoptosis iGluR CaMK p38 MAPK Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Bacterial	Infection Cardiovascular Disease Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
Coniferyl ferulate is an orally active phenolic acid compound. Coniferyl ferulate is a potent inhibitor of glutathione S-transferase (GST) (IC₅₀ = 0.3 μM), which downregulates P-gp expression, induces apoptosis in B-MD-C1 (ADR+/+) cells, and reverses multidrug resistance. Coniferyl ferulate blocks the NMDAR/NR2B-CaMKII-MAPKs signaling pathway, inhibits ROS production and mitochondrial apoptosis, while reshapes the intestinal microbiota and microbial metabolism, ameliorates colonic inflammation and alleviates depressive symptoms in mice. Coniferyl ferulate can alleviate the toxicity of xylene to hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells by targeting Mgst2. Coniferyl ferulate exhibits antibacterial activity against the Gram-positive Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus .

HY-W250308A

ε-Poly-L-lysine hydrochloride (MV 2000-5000) Epsilon-polylysine hydrochloride (MV 2000-5000); ε-Polylysine hydrochloride (MV 2000-5000); ε-PL hydrochloride (MV 2000-5000)	Bacterial Fungal Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)	Infection
ε-Poly-L-lysine (Epsilon-polylysine; ε-Polylysine) hydrochloride (MV 2000-5000) is a polycationic antibacterial agent with broad-spectrum activity against Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, fungi, yeasts and specific bacteriophages. ε-Poly-L-lysine hydrochloride (MV 2000-5000) exerts bactericidal effects through mechanisms such as disrupting microbial membranes, inducing ROS production, inhibiting metabolism and spore germination. ε-Poly-L-lysine hydrochloride (MV 2000-5000) also regulates the expression of multiple key genes including sodA, oxyR and recA. ε-Poly-L-lysine hydrochloride (MV 2000-5000) exhibits properties such as low eukaryotic cytotoxicity, thermal stability and pH stability, and supports tissue regeneration and anti-tumor applications. ε-Poly-L-lysine hydrochloride (MV 2000-5000) can be applied in research fields including bacterial and fungal infections, diabetic ulcers, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections .

HY-Y0520R

Itaconic acid (Standard) Methylenesuccinic acid (Standard)	Reference Standards Endogenous Metabolite Ferroptosis	Inflammation/Immunology
Itaconic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Itaconic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Itaconic acid, a precursor of polymers, chemicals, and fuels, can be synthesized by many fungi. Itaconic acid also is a macrophage-specific metabolite. Itaconic acid mediates crosstalk between macrophage metabolism and peritoneal tumors. Itaconic acid has anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial and immunomodulatory effect .

HY-W278566

Saluamine	Drug Metabolite	Cardiovascular Disease Metabolic Disease
Saluamine is an important N-dealkylated metabolite of Furosemide (HY-B0135) that is produced by microbial transformation and bile metabolism. Saluamine is a contaminant .

HY-N7921

Urolithin M6	Bacterial	Others
Urolithin M6 is a polyhydroxy-rich metabolite with potential antioxidant activity. Urolithin M6 is produced by intestinal microbial metabolism and may act as an analog of tannic acid compounds. The production of Urolithin M6 in humans requires specific bacterial 3-dehydroxylase activity, which provides a new mechanism for its biotransformation. The metabolic profile of Urolithin M6 helps to stratify volunteers and further explore its potential role in health and disease .

HY-W102516

6-Dehydroprogesterone Δ6-Progesterone	Endogenous Metabolite	Others
6-Dehydroprogesterone (Δ6-Progesterone) is a steroid compound that can be found in Botryodiplodia theobromae. 6-Dehydroprogesterone is a metabolic product of Progesterone (HY-N0437) after a microbial dehydrogenation reaction. 6-Dehydroprogesterone can be used to study steroid metabolism pathways, microbial dehydrogenase activity, and the biotransformation of steroids .

HY-138933

(±)-Geosmin	Endogenous Metabolite
(±)-Geosmin is a natural organic compound with biological activity that causes earthy aroma. (±)-Geosmin plays an important role in microbial metabolism and is commonly used as a fragrance in food and air. (±)-Geosmin has also been studied for detecting soil and water pollution.

HY-B1145S

Chlorhexidine-d8 dihydrochloride	Isotope-Labeled Compounds Antibiotic Bacterial Necroptosis Apoptosis	Infection
Chlorhexidine-d₈ (dihydrochloride) is the deuterium labeled Chlorhexidine dihydrochloride (HY-B1145). Chlorhexidine dihydrochloride is a orally active cationic antimicrobial agent that targets microbial cell membranes. Chlorhexidine dihydrochloride binds to cell membrane phospholipids non-specifically, destroys membrane structure and induces leakage of cell contents. Chlorhexidine dihydrochloride has broad-spectrum bactericidal activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Chlorhexidine dihydrochloride can interfere with membrane permeability, cause protein precipitation and energy metabolism disorders, such as rapid inhibition of microbial growth and induction of cell death (necrosis or apoptosis) .

HY-B1248R

Chlorhexidine (Standard)	Reference Standards Antibiotic Bacterial Necroptosis Apoptosis	Infection
Chlorhexidine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Chlorhexidine (HY-B1248). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Chlorhexidine is a orally active cationic antimicrobial agent that targets microbial cell membranes. Chlorhexidine binds to cell membrane phospholipids non-specifically, destroys membrane structure and induces leakage of cell contents. Chlorhexidine has broad-spectrum bactericidal activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Chlorhexidine can interfere with membrane permeability, cause protein precipitation and energy metabolism disorders, such as rapid inhibition of microbial growth and induction of cell death (necrosis or apoptosis) .

HY-B1248A

Chlorhexidine acetate hydrate	Antibiotic Bacterial Necroptosis Apoptosis	Infection
Chlorhexidine acetate hydrate is a orally active cationic antimicrobial agent that targets microbial cell membranes. Chlorhexidine acetate hydrate binds to cell membrane phospholipids non-specifically, destroys membrane structure and induces leakage of cell contents. Chlorhexidine acetate hydrate has broad-spectrum bactericidal activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Chlorhexidine acetate hydrate can interfere with membrane permeability, cause protein precipitation and energy metabolism disorders, such as rapid inhibition of microbial growth and induction of cell death (necrosis or apoptosis) .

HY-W013699R

Chlorhexidine diacetate (Standard)	Reference Standards Antibiotic Bacterial Necroptosis Apoptosis	Infection
Chlorhexidine diacetate (Standard) is the analytical standard of Chlorhexidine diacetate (HY-W013699). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Chlorhexidine diacetate is a orally active cationic antimicrobial agent that targets microbial cell membranes. Chlorhexidine diacetate binds to cell membrane phospholipids non-specifically, destroys membrane structure and induces leakage of cell contents. Chlorhexidine diacetate has broad-spectrum bactericidal activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Chlorhexidine diacetate can interfere with membrane permeability, cause protein precipitation and energy metabolism disorders, such as rapid inhibition of microbial growth and induction of cell death (necrosis or apoptosis) .

HY-B0273B

Sulfadiazine 100 µg/mL in methanol 5+ Cited Publications	Parasite Bacterial Environmental Pollutants	Infection
Sulfadiazine 100 µg/mL in methanol is an orally active sulfonamide antibiotic. Sulfadiazine 100 µg/mL in methanol competitively inhibits p-aminobenzoic acid in the folic-acid-metabolism cycle, inhibiting multiplication of most Gram-positive and many Gram-negative bacteria. Sulfadiazine 100 µg/mL in methanol persists in soil long-term, and exerts selective pressure for sulfonamide-resistant microbial populations. Sulfadiazine 100 µg/mL in methanol targets Toxoplasma gondii DHPS enzyme. Sulfadiazine 100 µg/mL in methanol can be used for the research of congenital toxoplasmosis and bacterial infection .

HY-126574

Pantothenoylcysteine	Endogenous Metabolite	Others
Pantothenoylcysteine is the biosynthetic precursor of CoA. Pantothenoylcysteine can be used to study microbial metabolism .

HY-B0172BR

Isolithocholic acid (Standard) 3β-Hydroxy-5β-cholanic acid (Standard); 3-Epilithocholic acid (Standard); β-Lithocholic acid (Standard)	Reference Standards Endogenous Metabolite	Endocrinology
Isolithocholic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Isolithocholic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Isolithocholic acid (β-Lithocholic acid) is an isomer of Lithocholic acid. Isolithocholic acid, a bile acid, is formed by microbial metabolism of Lithocholic acid or Lithocholic acid 3α-sulfate[1][2].

HY-N10475

4,12-Dimethoxy-6-(7,8-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrostyryl)-2-pyrone	Endogenous Metabolite	Others
4,12-Dimethoxy-6-(7,8-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrostyryl)-2-pyrone (compound 3) is a hydroxylated microbial metabolite of Yangonin .

HY-W403633

Hexahydrohippuric acid	Bacterial	Infection
Hexahydrohippuric acid is a metabolite of Shikimate acid in both liver and kidney, under microbial metabolism effect. Hexahydrohippuric acid is made of cyclohexane carboxylic acid and glycinamide, and shows antibacterial activity .

HY-W015969R

1-Aminopropan-2-ol (Standard) Monoisopropanolamine (Standard)	Reference Standards Endogenous Metabolite	Metabolic Disease
1-Aminopropan-2-ol (Standard) is the analytical standard of 1-Aminopropan-2-ol. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 1-Aminopropan-2-ol is a microbial metabolism of amino alcohol metabolism via propionaldehyde and acetaldehyde in a species of Pseudomonas .

HY-W752616

1-Aminopropan-2-ol-d6 Monoisopropanolamine-d₆	Isotope-Labeled Compounds Endogenous Metabolite	Metabolic Disease
1-Aminopropan-2-ol-d₆ (Monoisopropanolamine-d₆) is the deuterium labeled 1-Aminopropan-2-ol (HY-W015969). 1-Aminopropan-2-ol is a microbial metabolism of amino alcohol metabolism via propionaldehyde and acetaldehyde in a species of Pseudomonas .

HY-W278566R

Saluamine (Standard)	Reference Standards Drug Metabolite	Cardiovascular Disease Metabolic Disease
Saluamine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Saluamine (HY-W278566). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Saluamine is an important N-dealkylated metabolite of Furosemide (HY-B0135) that is produced by microbial transformation and bile metabolism .

HY-B1145R

Chlorhexidine dihydrochloride (Standard)	Reference Standards Antibiotic Bacterial Necroptosis Apoptosis	Infection
Chlorhexidine dihydrochloride (Standard) is the analytical standard of Chlorhexidine dihydrochloride (HY-B1145). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Chlorhexidine dihydrochloride is a orally active cationic antimicrobial agent that targets microbial cell membranes. Chlorhexidine dihydrochloride binds to cell membrane phospholipids non-specifically, destroys membrane structure and induces leakage of cell contents. Chlorhexidine dihydrochloride has broad-spectrum bactericidal activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Chlorhexidine dihydrochloride can interfere with membrane permeability, cause protein precipitation and energy metabolism disorders, such as rapid inhibition of microbial growth and induction of cell death (necrosis or apoptosis) .

HY-W738281

Chlorhexidine-d8	Isotope-Labeled Compounds Antibiotic Bacterial Necroptosis Apoptosis	Infection
Chlorhexidine-d₈ is deuterium-labeled Chlorhexidine (HY-B1248) . Chlorhexidine is a orally active cationic antimicrobial agent that targets microbial cell membranes. Chlorhexidine binds to cell membrane phospholipids non-specifically, destroys membrane structure and induces leakage of cell contents. Chlorhexidine has broad-spectrum bactericidal activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Chlorhexidine can interfere with membrane permeability, cause protein precipitation and energy metabolism disorders, such as rapid inhibition of microbial growth and induction of cell death (necrosis or apoptosis) .

HY-N2840S

Allitol-13C Allodulcitol-¹³C	Isotope-Labeled Compounds	Metabolic Disease
Allitol (Allodulcitol)- ¹³C is the ¹³C labeled Allitol (HY-N2840). Allitol is an orally active rare sugar alcohol found in Itea virginica L, Tylopilus plumbeoviolaceus. Allitol has anti-obesity and hypoglycaemic activities. Allitol reduces carcass and total body fat mass, increases cecal weight, surface area, and short-chain fatty acid production, and upregulates cecal microbial enzymes linked to butyrate metabolism. Allitol can be used for the researches of obesity and diabetes .

HY-N2840R

Allitol (Standard) Allodulcitol (Standard)	Reference Standards	Metabolic Disease
Allitol (Allodulcitol) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Allitol (HY-N2840). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Allitol is an orally active rare sugar alcohol found in Itea virginica L, Tylopilus plumbeoviolaceus. Allitol has anti-obesity and hypoglycaemic activities. Allitol reduces carcass and total body fat mass, increases cecal weight, surface area, and short-chain fatty acid production, and upregulates cecal microbial enzymes linked to butyrate metabolism. Allitol can be used for the researches of obesity and diabetes .

HY-135024B

Phenylacetyl CoA tetrasodium Phenylacetyl Coenzyme A tetrasodium	Others	Metabolic Disease
Phenylacetyl Coenzyme A (Phenylacetyl Coenzyme A) tetrasodium is an effector molecule of the TetR family transcriptional repressor PaaR. Phenylacetyl Coenzyme A tetrasodium changes the conformation of PaaR, causing it to dissociate from DNA and initiate transcription. Phenylacetyl Coenzyme A tetrasodium is promising for research of microbial metabolism .

Cat. No.	Product Name

HY-L078

Gut Microbial Metabolite Library	475 compounds
Accumulating evidence has revealed that intestinal microbiota play an important role in human health and disease, including cardiovascular diseases, inflammatory bowel disease, diabetes, obesity, cancer, and depression, etc. Changes in the composition of gut microbiota associated with disease, referred to as dysbiosis, have been linked to pathologies. Indeed, the gut microbiome functions like an endocrine organ, generating bioactive metabolites which play important roles in human metabolism, health, and disease. Gut microbiome has become a novel therapeutic target for many diseases. Analysis and identification of gut microbial metabolite will contribute to the development of therapeutic methods. In order to meet the need of gut microbiome research, MCE carefully selected a unique collection of 475 gut microbial metabolites. MCE gut microbial metabolite library is a powerful tool for gut microbiome research and gut microbiome -related drug discovery.

Gut Microbial Metabolite Library

475 compounds

Accumulating evidence has revealed that intestinal microbiota play an important role in human health and disease, including cardiovascular diseases, inflammatory bowel disease, diabetes, obesity, cancer, and depression, etc. Changes in the composition of gut microbiota associated with disease, referred to as dysbiosis, have been linked to pathologies. Indeed, the gut microbiome functions like an endocrine organ, generating bioactive metabolites which play important roles in human metabolism, health, and disease. Gut microbiome has become a novel therapeutic target for many diseases. Analysis and identification of gut microbial metabolite will contribute to the development of therapeutic methods.

In order to meet the need of gut microbiome research, MCE carefully selected a unique collection of 475 gut microbial metabolites. MCE gut microbial metabolite library is a powerful tool for gut microbiome research and gut microbiome -related drug discovery.

Cat. No.	Product Name	Type

HY-W250308A

ε-Poly-L-lysine hydrochloride (MV 2000-5000) Epsilon-polylysine hydrochloride (MV 2000-5000); ε-Polylysine hydrochloride (MV 2000-5000); ε-PL hydrochloride (MV 2000-5000)	Biochemical Assay Reagents
ε-Poly-L-lysine (Epsilon-polylysine; ε-Polylysine) hydrochloride (MV 2000-5000) is a polycationic antibacterial agent with broad-spectrum activity against Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, fungi, yeasts and specific bacteriophages. ε-Poly-L-lysine hydrochloride (MV 2000-5000) exerts bactericidal effects through mechanisms such as disrupting microbial membranes, inducing ROS production, inhibiting metabolism and spore germination. ε-Poly-L-lysine hydrochloride (MV 2000-5000) also regulates the expression of multiple key genes including sodA, oxyR and recA. ε-Poly-L-lysine hydrochloride (MV 2000-5000) exhibits properties such as low eukaryotic cytotoxicity, thermal stability and pH stability, and supports tissue regeneration and anti-tumor applications. ε-Poly-L-lysine hydrochloride (MV 2000-5000) can be applied in research fields including bacterial and fungal infections, diabetic ulcers, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections .

ε-Poly-L-lysine hydrochloride (MV 2000-5000)

Epsilon-polylysine hydrochloride (MV 2000-5000); ε-Polylysine hydrochloride (MV 2000-5000); ε-PL hydrochloride (MV 2000-5000)

Biochemical Assay Reagents

ε-Poly-L-lysine (Epsilon-polylysine; ε-Polylysine) hydrochloride (MV 2000-5000) is a polycationic antibacterial agent with broad-spectrum activity against Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, fungi, yeasts and specific bacteriophages. ε-Poly-L-lysine hydrochloride (MV 2000-5000) exerts bactericidal effects through mechanisms such as disrupting microbial membranes, inducing ROS production, inhibiting metabolism and spore germination. ε-Poly-L-lysine hydrochloride (MV 2000-5000) also regulates the expression of multiple key genes including sodA, oxyR and recA. ε-Poly-L-lysine hydrochloride (MV 2000-5000) exhibits properties such as low eukaryotic cytotoxicity, thermal stability and pH stability, and supports tissue regeneration and anti-tumor applications. ε-Poly-L-lysine hydrochloride (MV 2000-5000) can be applied in research fields including bacterial and fungal infections, diabetic ulcers, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections .

Cat. No.	Product Name	Target	Research Area

HY-30216A

Leucic acid α-Hydroxyisocaproic acid	Drug Metabolite Hydroxycarboxylic Acid Receptor (HCAR) AMPK ERK	Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology
Leucic acid (α-Hydroxyisocaproic acid) is an orally active end-product of the microbial metabolism of leucine. Leucic acid can bind to HCAR2, alters AMPK and ERK1/2 phosphorylation status, suppresses lipid synthesis, promotes catabolism, reduces adiposity, enhances lean mass and exercise capacity. Leucic acid suppresses pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion, inflammation-related gene mRNA expression. Leucic acid decreases basal protein synthesis, attenuates myotube atrophy. Leucic acid can be used for the research of obesity .

Cat. No.	Product Name	Category	Target	Chemical Structure

HY-Y0520

Itaconic acid 2 Publications Verification Methylenesuccinic acid	Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Endogenous metabolite Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields	Endogenous Metabolite Ferroptosis
Itaconic acid, a precursor of polymers, chemicals, and fuels, can be synthesized by many fungi. Itaconic acid also is a macrophage-specific metabolite. Itaconic acid mediates crosstalk between macrophage metabolism and peritoneal tumors. Itaconic acid has anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial and immunomodulatory effect .

HY-B0172B

Isolithocholic acid 3β-Hydroxy-5β-cholanic acid; 3-Epilithocholic acid; β-Lithocholic acid	Structural Classification Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Classification of Application Fields Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Endocrinology Steroids Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite
Isolithocholic acid (β-Lithocholic acid) is an isomer of Lithocholic acid. Isolithocholic acid, a bile acid, is formed by microbial metabolism of Lithocholic acid or Lithocholic acid 3α-sulfate .

HY-N0321

Caftaric acid trans-Caftaric acid	Microorganisms other families Classification of Application Fields Simple Phenylpropanols Other Diseases Phenols Polyphenols Phenylpropanoids Plants Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Others
Caftaric acid (trans-Caftaric acid) is a polyphenolic antidiuretic, antioxidant and anti-apoptotic agent that can be hydrolyzed by intestinal microbial esterases. Caftaric acid exerts its antioxidant and potential anti-inflammatory effects mainly through intestinal microbial metabolism. Caftaric acid can reduce renal damage, restore electrolyte balance, renal function indicators and antioxidant enzyme activities in a rat albinism model, and further exert anti-oxidative stress and anti-inflammatory activities .

HY-128746

2,6-Diaminoheptanedioic acid	Structural Classification Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite
2,6-Diaminopimelic acid is a endogenous metabolite produced in bacteria and is a component of cell wall. 2,6-Diaminopimelic acid is essential for microbial metabolism and is a potential marker for quantification of microbial proteins .

HY-30216A

Leucic acid α-Hydroxyisocaproic acid	Structural Classification Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Other Diseases Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Drug Metabolite Hydroxycarboxylic Acid Receptor (HCAR) AMPK ERK
Leucic acid (α-Hydroxyisocaproic acid) is an orally active end-product of the microbial metabolism of leucine. Leucic acid can bind to HCAR2, alters AMPK and ERK1/2 phosphorylation status, suppresses lipid synthesis, promotes catabolism, reduces adiposity, enhances lean mass and exercise capacity. Leucic acid suppresses pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion, inflammation-related gene mRNA expression. Leucic acid decreases basal protein synthesis, attenuates myotube atrophy. Leucic acid can be used for the research of obesity .

HY-W015969

1-Aminopropan-2-ol Monoisopropanolamine	Structural Classification Natural Products Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Environmental Pollutants Endogenous Metabolite
1-Aminopropan-2-ol is a microbial metabolism of amino alcohol metabolism via propionaldehyde and acetaldehyde in a species of Pseudomonas .

HY-Y1139

Pimelic acid 2 Publications Verification Heptanedioic acid; 1,5-Pentanedicarboxylic acid; 1,7-Heptanedioic acid	Structural Classification Immune System Disorder Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Disease markers Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite PROTAC Linkers
Pimelic acid (Heptanedioic acid; 1,5-Pentanedicarboxylic acid) is a seven-carbon α,ω-dicarboxylic acid and a downstream product of fatty acid synthesis. Pimelic acid is a key precursor in biotin biosynthesis. Pimelic acid can be converted to pimelic acid-CoA by the BioW enzyme, thereby bypassing exogenous biotin requirements to support growth in various biotinytrophic bacteria and fungi, and reversing antibiotic-induced inhibition of biotin synthesis. Furthermore, Pimelic acid has been proposed as a highly specific biomarker for oxygen-induced retinopathy in mice. Pimelic acid can be used to study retinopathy of preterm infants, oxygen-induced retinopathy, and microbial biotin metabolism .

HY-N2840

Allitol 1 Publications Verification Allodulcitol	Structural Classification Natural Products Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Metabolic Disease Disease Research Fields Sweeteners Source Classification Food Research	Others
Allitol (Allodulcitol) is an orally active rare sugar alcohol found in Itea virginica L, Tylopilus plumbeoviolaceus. Allitol has anti-obesity and hypoglycaemic activities. Allitol reduces carcass and total body fat mass, increases cecal weight, surface area, and short-chain fatty acid production, and upregulates cecal microbial enzymes linked to butyrate metabolism. Allitol can be used for the researches of obesity and diabetes .

HY-N1916

Coniferyl ferulate 1 Publications Verification	Classification of Application Fields Simple Phenylpropanols Phenols Polyphenols Dicerothamnus rhinocerotis Phenylpropanoids Umbelliferae Plants Disease Research Fields Source Classification Cancer	Glutathione S-transferase P-glycoprotein Apoptosis iGluR CaMK p38 MAPK Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Bacterial
Coniferyl ferulate is an orally active phenolic acid compound. Coniferyl ferulate is a potent inhibitor of glutathione S-transferase (GST) (IC₅₀ = 0.3 μM), which downregulates P-gp expression, induces apoptosis in B-MD-C1 (ADR+/+) cells, and reverses multidrug resistance. Coniferyl ferulate blocks the NMDAR/NR2B-CaMKII-MAPKs signaling pathway, inhibits ROS production and mitochondrial apoptosis, while reshapes the intestinal microbiota and microbial metabolism, ameliorates colonic inflammation and alleviates depressive symptoms in mice. Coniferyl ferulate can alleviate the toxicity of xylene to hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells by targeting Mgst2. Coniferyl ferulate exhibits antibacterial activity against the Gram-positive Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus .

HY-Y0520R

Itaconic acid (Standard) Methylenesuccinic acid (Standard)	Structural Classification Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Microorganisms Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Endogenous metabolite	Reference Standards Endogenous Metabolite Ferroptosis
Itaconic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Itaconic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Itaconic acid, a precursor of polymers, chemicals, and fuels, can be synthesized by many fungi. Itaconic acid also is a macrophage-specific metabolite. Itaconic acid mediates crosstalk between macrophage metabolism and peritoneal tumors. Itaconic acid has anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial and immunomodulatory effect .

HY-N7921

Urolithin M6	Monophenols Phenols Endogenous metabolite Source Classification	Bacterial
Urolithin M6 is a polyhydroxy-rich metabolite with potential antioxidant activity. Urolithin M6 is produced by intestinal microbial metabolism and may act as an analog of tannic acid compounds. The production of Urolithin M6 in humans requires specific bacterial 3-dehydroxylase activity, which provides a new mechanism for its biotransformation. The metabolic profile of Urolithin M6 helps to stratify volunteers and further explore its potential role in health and disease .

HY-W102516

6-Dehydroprogesterone Δ6-Progesterone	Endogenous metabolite Steroids Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite
6-Dehydroprogesterone (Δ6-Progesterone) is a steroid compound that can be found in Botryodiplodia theobromae. 6-Dehydroprogesterone is a metabolic product of Progesterone (HY-N0437) after a microbial dehydrogenation reaction. 6-Dehydroprogesterone can be used to study steroid metabolism pathways, microbial dehydrogenase activity, and the biotransformation of steroids .

HY-B0172BR

Isolithocholic acid (Standard) 3β-Hydroxy-5β-cholanic acid (Standard); 3-Epilithocholic acid (Standard); β-Lithocholic acid (Standard)	Structural Classification Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Microorganisms Endogenous metabolite Steroids Source Classification	Reference Standards Endogenous Metabolite
Isolithocholic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Isolithocholic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Isolithocholic acid (β-Lithocholic acid) is an isomer of Lithocholic acid. Isolithocholic acid, a bile acid, is formed by microbial metabolism of Lithocholic acid or Lithocholic acid 3α-sulfate[1][2].

HY-N10475

4,12-Dimethoxy-6-(7,8-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrostyryl)-2-pyrone	Classification of Application Fields Other Diseases Phenols Polyphenols Piperaceae Piper methysticum G.Forst. Plants Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite
4,12-Dimethoxy-6-(7,8-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrostyryl)-2-pyrone (compound 3) is a hydroxylated microbial metabolite of Yangonin .

HY-W015969R

1-Aminopropan-2-ol (Standard) Monoisopropanolamine (Standard)	Structural Classification Natural Products Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Microorganisms Endogenous metabolite Source Classification	Reference Standards Endogenous Metabolite
1-Aminopropan-2-ol (Standard) is the analytical standard of 1-Aminopropan-2-ol. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 1-Aminopropan-2-ol is a microbial metabolism of amino alcohol metabolism via propionaldehyde and acetaldehyde in a species of Pseudomonas .

HY-N2840R

Allitol (Standard) Allodulcitol (Standard)	Structural Classification Natural Products Microorganisms Source Classification	Reference Standards
Allitol (Allodulcitol) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Allitol (HY-N2840). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Allitol is an orally active rare sugar alcohol found in Itea virginica L, Tylopilus plumbeoviolaceus. Allitol has anti-obesity and hypoglycaemic activities. Allitol reduces carcass and total body fat mass, increases cecal weight, surface area, and short-chain fatty acid production, and upregulates cecal microbial enzymes linked to butyrate metabolism. Allitol can be used for the researches of obesity and diabetes .

Cat. No.	Product Name	Chemical Structure

HY-B1145S

Chlorhexidine-d8 dihydrochloride

Chlorhexidine-d₈ (dihydrochloride) is the deuterium labeled Chlorhexidine dihydrochloride (HY-B1145). Chlorhexidine dihydrochloride is a orally active cationic antimicrobial agent that targets microbial cell membranes. Chlorhexidine dihydrochloride binds to cell membrane phospholipids non-specifically, destroys membrane structure and induces leakage of cell contents. Chlorhexidine dihydrochloride has broad-spectrum bactericidal activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Chlorhexidine dihydrochloride can interfere with membrane permeability, cause protein precipitation and energy metabolism disorders, such as rapid inhibition of microbial growth and induction of cell death (necrosis or apoptosis) .

HY-W752616

1-Aminopropan-2-ol-d6
1-Aminopropan-2-ol-d₆ (Monoisopropanolamine-d₆) is the deuterium labeled 1-Aminopropan-2-ol (HY-W015969). 1-Aminopropan-2-ol is a microbial metabolism of amino alcohol metabolism via propionaldehyde and acetaldehyde in a species of Pseudomonas .

HY-W738281

Chlorhexidine-d8

Chlorhexidine-d₈ is deuterium-labeled Chlorhexidine (HY-B1248) . Chlorhexidine is a orally active cationic antimicrobial agent that targets microbial cell membranes. Chlorhexidine binds to cell membrane phospholipids non-specifically, destroys membrane structure and induces leakage of cell contents. Chlorhexidine has broad-spectrum bactericidal activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Chlorhexidine can interfere with membrane permeability, cause protein precipitation and energy metabolism disorders, such as rapid inhibition of microbial growth and induction of cell death (necrosis or apoptosis) .

HY-N2840S

Allitol-13C

Allitol (Allodulcitol)- ¹³C is the ¹³C labeled Allitol (HY-N2840). Allitol is an orally active rare sugar alcohol found in Itea virginica L, Tylopilus plumbeoviolaceus. Allitol has anti-obesity and hypoglycaemic activities. Allitol reduces carcass and total body fat mass, increases cecal weight, surface area, and short-chain fatty acid production, and upregulates cecal microbial enzymes linked to butyrate metabolism. Allitol can be used for the researches of obesity and diabetes .

Cat. No.	Product Name		Classification

HY-B0172B

Isolithocholic acid 3β-Hydroxy-5β-cholanic acid; 3-Epilithocholic acid; β-Lithocholic acid		Cholesterol
Isolithocholic acid (β-Lithocholic acid) is an isomer of Lithocholic acid. Isolithocholic acid, a bile acid, is formed by microbial metabolism of Lithocholic acid or Lithocholic acid 3α-sulfate .

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