Chlorhexidine acetate hydrate

1. Cell death assay:
Chlorhexidine acetate hydrate (0.000125%-0.016%; 24 h) induces cell death in L929 fibroblasts, inducing a pattern of cell necrosis and/or apoptosis, as well as cell stress. Furthermore, Chlorhexidine acetate hydrate induces apoptosis at lower concentrations and necrosis at higher concentrations, and increases the expression of heat shock protein 70 (a marker of cell stress). Chlorhexidine acetate hydrate may have an adverse effect on the resolution of apical periodontitis^[1].
2. Cell viability experiment:
Chlorhexidine acetate hydrate (0.0005%-0.5%; 30 min) causes the death of canine embryonic fibroblasts with concentration of ≥0.013%, while allows the cells to survive with concentration of ≤0.006%^[2].
3. Bacterial survival experiment:
Chlorhexidine acetate hydrate (0.0005%-0.5%; 30 min) has a concentration-dependent bactericidal effect on Staphylococcus aureus, and kills Staphylococcus aureus with concentration of ≥0.05%, while allows the bacteria to survive with concentration of ≤0.03%^[2].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.