2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-N3677
    Dammarenediol II
    		Inducer 99.81%
    Dammarenediol II is a ginsenoside precursor. Dammarenediol II reduces the activity of O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and downregulates the global O-GlcNAcylation level. Dammarenediol II inhibits the phosphorylation of Akt, mTOR and GSK3β. Dammarenediol II inhibits human carboxylesterase activity, VEGF-induced ROS production, stress fiber formation and vascular endothelial cadherin disruption. Dammarenediol II promotes cell apoptosis (apoptosis), increases the levels of cleaved PARP1 and p53, and inhibits retinal microvascular leakage. Dammarenediol II can be used in studies related to liver cancer and diabetic retinopathy.
    Dammarenediol II
  • HY-W588187
    Coprostanone
    		Inducer 98.25%
    Coprostanone (5β-cholestan-3-one) is an oxysterol and active metabolite of Cholesterol (HY-N0322). Coprostanone induces apoptosis in primary dog gallbladder epithelial cells. Coprostanone is promising for research of colon cancers or adenomatous polyps.
    Coprostanone
  • HY-B0926
    Diatrizoic acid
    		Inducer 99.73%
    Diatrizoic acid (Diatrizoate) is an iodinated radiocontrast agent and has the potential for radiographic imaging of the airways. Diatrizoic acid induces mitochondrial turnover and oxidative stress, and activating apoptosis by dysregulating calcium.
    Diatrizoic acid
  • HY-101519
    BETd-260
    		Inducer 99.68%
    BETd-260 (ZBC 260) is a PROTAC connected by ligands for Cereblon and BET, with as low as 30 pM against BRD4 protein in RS4;11 leukemia cell line. BETd-260 potently suppresses cell viability and robustly induces apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells.
    BETd-260
  • HY-12956S
    Dinoprost-d4
    		Inducer 99.9%
    Dinoprost-d4 is the deuterium labeled Dinoprost. Dinoprost (Prostaglandin F2α) is an orally active, potent prostaglandin F (PGF) receptor (FP receptor) agonist. Dinoprost is a luteolytic hormone produced locally in the endometrial luminal epithelium and corpus luteum (CL). Dinoprost plays a key role in the onset and progression of labour.
    Dinoprost-d<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-112885A
    nor-NOHA acetate
    		Inducer 99.52%
    nor-NOHA acetate is a selective and reversible Arginase inhibitor. nor-NOHA acetate induces Apoptosis in ARG2-expressing cells under hypoxia. nor-NOHA acetate has anti-leukemic activity. nor-NOHA acetate improves liver ischemia-reperfusion injury. nor-NOHA acetate can used in study of tuberculosis, endothelial dysfunction, immunosuppression and metabolism.
    nor-NOHA acetate
  • HY-13067R
    Celastrol (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Celastrol (Standard) is the analytical standard of Celastrol. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Celastrol (Tripterine;Tripterin) is a proteasome inhibitor which potently and preferentially inhibits the chymotrypsin-like activity of a purified 20S proteasome with IC50 of 2.5 μM.
    Celastrol (Standard)
  • HY-114317
    MARK4 inhibitor 1
    		Inducer 98.29%
    MARK4 inhibitor 1 is a potent and selective microtubule affinity-regulating kinase 4 (MARK4) inhibitor, with an IC50 of 1.54 μM. MARK4 inhibitor 1 inhibits cancer cell proliferation, metastasis and induces apoptosis.
    MARK4 inhibitor 1
  • HY-114414
    HDACs/mTOR Inhibitor 1
    		Inducer 98.10%
    HDACs/mTOR Inhibitor 1 is a dual HDACs and mTOR inhibitor, with IC50s of 0.19 nM, 1.8 nM, 1.2 nM for HDAC1, HDAC6, mTOR, respectively. HDACs/mTOR Inhibitor 1 stimulates cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase and induces tumor cell apoptosis with low toxicity in vivo. HDACs/mTOR Inhibitor 1 can be used in the research of hematologic malignancies.
    HDACs/mTOR Inhibitor 1
  • HY-12034
    WYE-354
    		Inducer 98.03%
    WYE-354 is an ATP-competitive mTOR inhibitor with an IC50 of 5 nM. WYE-354 also inhibits PI3Kα and PI3Kγ with IC50s of 1.89 μM and 7.37 μM, respectively. WYE-354 inhibits both mTORC1 and mTORC2. WYE-354 induces autophagy activation in vitro.
    WYE-354
  • HY-13224
    AZD4877
    		Degrader 99.49%
    AZD4877 is another isostere to Ispinesib (HY-50759)and also a kinesin spindle protein (Eg5) inhibitor with IC50 of 2 nM.AZD4877 arrests cell mitosis, leads to the formation of the monopolar spindle phenotype and induces apoptosis. AZD4877 inhibits circulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and has anti-cancer activity.
    AZD4877
  • HY-132846
    Vepafestinib
    		Inducer 98.61%
    Vepafestinib (TAS0953/HM06) is a next-generation brain-penetrant, selective and orally active RET inhibitor with an IC50 value of 0.33 nM. Vepafestinib inhibits the phosphorylation of RET and its downstream signaling pathways, thus blocking the growth and signal transduction of tumor cells and inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Vepafestinib can be used in the research of various RET-driven cancers, such as non-small cell lung cancer, thyroid cancer and other disease areas.
    Vepafestinib
  • HY-13627
    Estramustine phosphate sodium
    		Inducer 99.60%
    Estramustine phosphate sodium, an estradiol analog, is an orally active antimicrotubule chemotherapy agent. Estramustine phosphate sodium depolymerises microtubules by binding to microtubule associated proteins (MAPs) and/or to tubulin. Estramustine phosphate sodium can interfere mitosis, trigger cell death and induce apoptosis, which can be used for the research of cancer like prostate cancer.
    Estramustine phosphate sodium
  • HY-146683
    KS106
    		Inducer 99.87%
    KS106 is a potent ALDH inhibitor with IC50s of 334, 2137, 360 nM for ALDH1A1, ALDH2, and ALDH3A1, respectively. KS106 shows antiproliferative and anticancer effects with low low toxic.KS106 significantly increases ROS activity, lipid peroxidation and toxic aldehyde accumulation. KS106 induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase.
    KS106
  • HY-103711
    Estramustine
    		Inducer 99.15%
    Estramustine, an estradiol analog, is an orally active antimicrotubule chemotherapy agent. Estramustine depolymerises microtubules by binding to microtubule associated proteins (MAPs) and/or to tubulin. Estramustine can interfere mitosis, trigger cell death and induce apoptosis, which can be used for the research of cancer like prostate cancer.
    Estramustine
  • HY-125858
    MI-1061
    		Activator 99.08%
    MI-1061 is a potent, orally bioavailable, and chemically stable MDM2 (MDM2-p53 interaction) inhibitor (IC50=4.4 nM; Ki=0.16 nM). MI-1061 potently activates p53 and induces apoptosis in the SJSA-1 xenograft tumor tissue in mice. Anti-tumor activity.
    MI-1061
  • HY-15880
    CCT007093
    		Inducer 98.34%
    CCT007093 is an effective protein phosphatase 1D (PPM1D Wip1) inhibitor. Wip1 inhibition can activate the mTORC1 pathway and enhance hepatocyte proliferation after hepatectomy.
    CCT007093
  • HY-N2420
    Flavokawain A
    		Inducer 99.73%
    Flavokawain A is a chalcone compound and an orally active inhibitor of PRMT5 and cytochrome P450. Flavokawain A has anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and immunomodulatory effects. Flavokawain A can inhibit the proliferation of tumor cells and induce apoptosis. Flavokawain A can be used in the research of diseases such as bladder cancer.
    Flavokawain A
  • HY-148369
    U7D-1
    		Inducer 99.68%
    U7D-1 is a first-in-class potent and selective USP7 (ubiquitin-specific protease 7) PROTAC degrader, with a DC50 of 33 nM in RS4;11 cells. U7D-1 shows anticancer activity. U7D-1 induces apoptosis in Jeko-1 cells.
    U7D-1
  • HY-N1453
    Hypocrellin B
    		Inducer 99.61%
    Hypocrellin B, a pigment isolated from the fungi Hypocrella bambusae and Shiraia bambusicola, is an apoptosis inducer. Hypocrellin B can be used as a photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy of cancer. Hypocrellin B also has antimicrobial and antileishmanial activities.
    Hypocrellin B
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity