2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-B0356
    Ciprofloxacin
    		Inducer 99.81%
    Ciprofloxacin (Bay-09867) is a potent, orally active topoisomerase IV inhibitor. Ciprofloxacin induces mitochondrial DNA and nuclear DNA damage and lead to mitochondrial dysfunction, ROS production. Ciprofloxacin has anti-proliferative activity and induces apoptosis. Ciprofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic, exhibiting potent antibacterial activity.
    Ciprofloxacin
  • HY-B0879A
    Suramin sodium salt
    		Inducer 99.98%
    Suramin sodium salt (Suramin hexasodium salt) is a reversible and competitive protein-tyrosine phosphatases (PTPases) inhibitor. Suramin sodium salt is a potent inhibitor of sirtuins: SirT1 (IC50=297 nM), SirT2 (IC50=1.15 μM), and SirT5 (IC50=22 μM). Suramin sodium salt is a competitive inhibitor of reverse transcriptase (DNA topoisomerase II: IC50=5 μM). Suramin sodium salt is a potent SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) inhibitor. Suramin sodium salt efficiently inhibits IP5K and is an antiparasitic, anti-neoplastic and anti-angiogenic agent.
    Suramin sodium salt
  • HY-P1860
    TNF-α (31-45), human
    		Inducer 99.99%
    TNF-α (31-45), human is a potent NF-kB pathway activator. TNF-αis a proinflammatory cytokine that induces necrosis or apoptosis. TNF alpha stimulates NF-κB pathway via TNFR2 promotes cancer growth, invasion, and metastasis.
    TNF-α (31-45), human
  • HY-N0523
    Gallic acid
    		Inducer 99.99%
    Gallic acid (3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid) is a natural polyhydroxyphenolic compound and an free radical scavenger to inhibit cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Gallic acid has various activities, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anticance activities.
    Gallic acid
  • HY-15682
    TTNPB
    		Inducer 99.85%
    TTNPB is a highly potent RAR agonist. Competitive binding assays using human RARs yield IC50s of α=5.1 nM, β= 4.5 nM, and γ=9.3 nM, respectively.
    TTNPB
  • HY-N6693
    Valinomycin
    		Inducer 99.05%
    Valinomycin is a potassium-specific ionophore, the valinomycin-K+ complex can be incorporated into biological bilayer membranes with the hydrophobic surface of valinomycin, destroys the normal K+ gradient across the membrane, and as a result kills the cells, incorporating into liposomes can significantly reduces the cytotoxicity and enhances the targeting effect. Valinomycin exhibits antibiotic, antifungal, antiviral, antitumor and insecticidal efficacy, thus can be used for relevant research.
    Valinomycin
  • HY-15306
    Eltrombopag
    		Inducer 99.94%
    Eltrombopag (SB-497115) is an orally active thrombopoietin receptor nonpeptide agonist. Eltrombopag owns thrombopoietic activity, and has been used to research low blood platelet counts with chronic immune thrombocytopenia. Eltrombopag can be used for the research of cardiovascular. Eltrombopag also has highly inhibitory effects against multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Eltrombopag can induce apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinomab (HCC) as well.
    Eltrombopag
  • HY-50094
    Pictilisib
    		Inducer 99.80%
    Pictilisib (GDC-0941) is a potent inhibitor of PI3Kα/δ with an IC50 of 3 nM, with modest selectivity against p110β (11-fold) and p110γ (25-fold).
    Pictilisib
  • HY-134901
    WM-3835
    		Inducer 99.78%
    WM-3835 is a potent and high-specific HBO1 (KAT7 or MYST2) inhibitor and binds directly to the acetyl-CoA binding site of HBO1. WM-3835 activates apoptosis while inhibits osteosarcoma (OS) cell proliferation, migration and invasion. WM-3835 has antitumor activity and potently inhibits pOS-1 xenograft growth in mice.
    WM-3835
  • HY-13624A
    Epirubicin hydrochloride
    		Inducer 99.62%
    Epirubicin hydrochloride (4'-Epidoxorubicin hydrochloride), a semisynthetic L-arabino derivative of doxorubicin, has an antineoplastic agent by inhibiting Topoisomerase. Epirubicin hydrochloride inhibits DNA and RNA synthesis. Epirubicin hydrochloride is a Forkhead box protein p3 (Foxp3) inhibitor and inhibits regulatory T cell activity.
    Epirubicin hydrochloride
  • HY-19992
    3-Bromopyruvic acid
    		Inducer 98.0%
    3-Bromopyruvate (Bromopyruvic acid) is an analogue of pyruvate and a potent hexokinase (HK)-II inhibitor with high tumor selectivity. 3-Bromopyruvate inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis through interfering with glycolysis. 3-Bromopyruvate induces autophagy by stimulating ROS formation in breast cancer cells. Antimicrobial activities.
    3-Bromopyruvic acid
  • HY-13442
    Eribulin
    		Inducer 99.66%
    Eribulin (E7389) is a microtubule targeting agent that is used for the research of metastatic breast cancer. Eribulin inhibits the proliferation of cancer cells by binding microtubule proteins and microtubules.
    Eribulin
  • HY-50910
    Temsirolimus
    		Inducer 99.56%
    Temsirolimus is an inhibitor of mTOR with an IC50 of 1.76 μM. Temsirolimus activates autophagy and prevents deterioration of cardiac function in animal model.
    Temsirolimus
  • HY-P3371
    Ifinatamab deruxtecan
    		Inducer 99.29%
    Ifinatamab deruxtecan (DS-7300a) is a B7-H3-targeting Antibody-drug conjugate (ADC), which is composed of a humanized anti-B7-H3 monoclonal antibody, an enzymatically cleavable peptide-based linker, and Exatecan derivative (DXd) (HY-13631D). Ifinatamab deruxtecan is a DNA Topoisomerase I inhibitor. Ifinatamab deruxtecan induces Apoptosis. DS-7300a exerts potent antitumor activities against B7-H3-expressing tumors. against rhabdomyosarcoma, endometrial adenocarcinoma and lung adenocarcinoma. Ifinatamab deruxtecan does not exert direct immunomodulatory effects
    Ifinatamab deruxtecan
  • HY-10074
    TPCA-1
    		Inducer 99.66%
    TPCA-1 is a potent and selective inhibitor of IKK-2 with IC50 of 17.9 nM. TPCA-1 is an effective inhibitor of STAT3 phosphorylation, DNA binding, and transactivation.
    TPCA-1
  • HY-15486
    Salubrinal
    		Inducer 99.58%
    Salubrinal is a cell-permeable and selective inhibitor of eIF2α dephosphorylation. Salubrinal acts as a dual-specificity phosphatase 2 (Dusp2) inhibitor and suppresses inflammation in anti-collagen antibody-induced arthritis. Salubrinal has antiviral activity against HSV-1 and inhibits dephosphorylation of eIF2α mediated by the HSV-1 protein ICP34.5.
    Salubrinal
  • HY-P1923
    L-Asparaginase
    		Inducer
    L-Asparaginase (L-ASNase) is a deamidating enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of L-asparagine and L-glutamine, and can be used for the research of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. L-Asparaginase depletes L-asparagine from plasma resulting in inhibition of RNA and DNA synthesis with the subsequent blastic cell apoptosis.
    L-Asparaginase
  • HY-100806
    Kynurenic acid
    		Inducer 99.93%
    Kynurenic acid, an endogenous tryptophan metabolite, is a broad-spectrum antagonist targeting NMDA, glutamate, α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Kynurenic acid is also an agonist of GPR35/CXCR8.
    Kynurenic acid
  • HY-B2219
    Stearic acid
    		99.87%
    Stearic acid is an orally active long-chain dietary saturated fatty acid that can significantly reduce visceral fat by inducing apoptosis of preadipocytes. Stearic acid can be used in the study of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.
    Stearic acid
  • HY-B0214
    Prednisone
    		Inducer 99.99%
    Prednisone (Adasone) is a corticosteroid agent with anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects that can be used to study diseases related to systemic lupus erythematosus.
    Prednisone
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity