2. Apoptosis Anti-infection Autophagy
  3. Apoptosis Antibiotic Autophagy Fungal
  4. Valinomycin

Valinomycin  (Synonyms: NSC 122023)

Cat. No.: HY-N6693 Purity: 98.23%
COA Handling Instructions

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Valinomycin is a potassium-specific ionophore, the valinomycin-K+ complex can be incorporated into biological bilayer membranes with the hydrophobic surface of valinomycin, destroys the normal K+ gradient across the membrane, and as a result kills the cells, incorporating into liposomes can significantly reduces the cytotoxicity and enhances the targeting effect. Valinomycin exhibits antibiotic, antifungal, antiviral, antitumor and insecticidal efficacy, thus can be used for relevant research.

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Custom Peptide Synthesis

Valinomycin Chemical Structure

Valinomycin Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 2001-95-8

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Based on 3 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Valinomycin Related Antibodies

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  • Purity & Documentation

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Description

Valinomycin is a potassium-specific ionophore, the valinomycin-K+ complex can be incorporated into biological bilayer membranes with the hydrophobic surface of valinomycin, destroys the normal K+ gradient across the membrane, and as a result kills the cells, incorporating into liposomes can significantly reduces the cytotoxicity and enhances the targeting effect. Valinomycin exhibits antibiotic, antifungal, antiviral, antitumor and insecticidal efficacy, thus can be used for relevant research[1][2].

In Vitro

Lipo-Valinomycin (1-100 μM, 24 h) suppresses the viability of HepG2 significantly in a concentration-dependent manner[2].
Lipo-Valinomycin (15 μM, 12 h) degrades the mitochondrial membrane potential and induces apoptosis (23%) of HepG2[2].
1.19
Valinomycin bioactivities[1]

Bioactivity Target Efficacy
Antibacterial Streptococcus pyogenes MIC 0.02 µg/mL
Clostridium sporogenes MIC 8 µg/mL
Enterococcus faecalis MIC 0.39–0.78 µg/disk
Streptococcus pneumoniae MIC 0.39–0.78 µg/disk
Micrococcus luteus MIC 25–50 µg/disk
Antifungal Candida albicans MIC 0.39–0.78 µg/disk
Cryptococcus neoformans MIC 50–100 µg/disk
Phytophthora capsici IC50 15.9 µg/mL
Botrytis cinerea MIC 4 µg/mL
Magnaporthe grisea MIC 4 µg/mL
Candida albicans MIC 32 µg/mL
Colletotrichum gloeosporioides MIC 256 µg/mL
Rhizoctonia solani MIC 256 µg/mL
Penicillium verrucosum IC50 0.005 ng/mL
Antiviral SARS-CoV EC50 0.85 µM
PRRSV IC50 24 nM
RSV IC50 0.0015 µM
MERS-CoV IC50 84 nM
HCoV-OC43 EC50 4.43 µM
HCoV-NL63 EC50 1.89 µM
MHV-A59 EC50 6.78 µM
LACV IC50 588 nM
RVFV MP-12 IC50 41 nM
HRV2 IC50 610 nM
CVB3 IC50 971 nM
ZIKV IC50 78 nM
KEYV IC50 156 nM
HCoV-229E IC50 67 nM
LASV EC50 0.61 µM
LCMV EC50 0.15 µM
Antitumor Human ovarian tumor cells CaOV-3 IC50 0.1 nM
Murine P388 leukemia cancer cells GI50 0.019 µg/mL
Human ovary OVCAR-3 tumor cells GI50 0.19 ng/mL
Brain SF-295 tumor cells GI50 0.35 ng/mL
Renal A-498 carcinoma cells GI50 1.9 ng/mL
Lung NCI-H460 cancer cells GI50 0.21 ng/mL
Colon KM20L2 carcinoma cells GI50 0.27 ng/mL
Melanoma SK-MEL-5 cancer cells GI50 0.26 ng/mL
Rat C6 glioma cells IC50 0.4 µM
Human A2780 ovarian carcinoma cells IC50 2.18 µM
Human MCF-7 breast carcinoma cells IC50 1.77 µM
Human HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells IC50 0.0008 µM
Human U251 glioma cells IC50 7.6 nM

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Valinomycin Related Antibodies
In Vivo

Lipo-Valinomycin (1-40 μg/g, i.v., every 2 days for 16 d) inhibits HepG2 tumor growth in nude mice[2].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model: nude mice with HepG2[2]
Dosage: 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 40 μg/g
Administration: Intravenous injection (i.v.), every two days for 16 d
Result: Exerted remarkable inhibition effect on tumor growth and no weight loss during the therapeutic period. Caused destructive tumor necrosis as most of the tumor cells were in apoptotic status.
Molecular Weight

1111.32

Formula

C54H90N6O18
CAS No.
Appearance

Solid

Color

White to off-white

Structure Classification
Initial Source

Streptomyces fulvissimus
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
Storage

Sealed storage, away from moisture

Powder -80°C 2 years
-20°C 1 year

*In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)

Solvent & Solubility
In Vitro: 

Ethanol : 50 mg/mL (44.99 mM; Need ultrasonic)

DMSO : 25 mg/mL (22.50 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

Preparing
Stock Solutions
Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 0.8998 mL 4.4992 mL 8.9983 mL
5 mM 0.1800 mL 0.8998 mL 1.7997 mL
View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

  • Molarity Calculator

  • Dilution Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass
=
Concentration
×
Volume
×
Molecular Weight *

Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

Concentration (start)

C1

×
Volume (start)

V1

=
Concentration (final)

C2

×
Volume (final)

V2

In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

  • Protocol 1

    Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    40% PEG300    5% Tween-80    45% Saline

    Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (2.25 mM); Clear solution

    This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

    Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

    Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
  • Protocol 2

    Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    90% Corn Oil

    Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (2.25 mM); Clear solution

    This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.

    Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage

mg/kg

Animal weight
(per animal)

g

Dosing volume
(per animal)

μL

Number of animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
%
DMSO +
% 
+
%
Tween-80 +
%
Saline
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Calculation results:
Working solution concentration: mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL  DMSO (Stock solution concentration: mg/mL).

*In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)

The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only. If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).
Method for preparing in vivo working solution for animal experiments: Take μL DMSO stock solution, add μL . μL , mix evenly, next add μL Tween 80, mix evenly, then add μL Saline.
 If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Purity & Documentation

Purity: 99.05%

COA (267 KB) RP-HPLC (200 KB)

Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Optional Solvent Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg
DMSO / Ethanol 1 mM 0.8998 mL 4.4992 mL 8.9983 mL 22.4958 mL
5 mM 0.1800 mL 0.8998 mL 1.7997 mL 4.4992 mL
10 mM 0.0900 mL 0.4499 mL 0.8998 mL 2.2496 mL
15 mM 0.0600 mL 0.2999 mL 0.5999 mL 1.4997 mL
20 mM 0.0450 mL 0.2250 mL 0.4499 mL 1.1248 mL
Ethanol 25 mM 0.0360 mL 0.1800 mL 0.3599 mL 0.8998 mL
30 mM 0.0300 mL 0.1500 mL 0.2999 mL 0.7499 mL
40 mM 0.0225 mL 0.1125 mL 0.2250 mL 0.5624 mL
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Valinomycin Related Classifications

Help & FAQs
  • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

    Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

Keywords:

Valinomycin2001-95-8NSC 122023NSC122023NSC-122023ApoptosisAntibioticAutophagyFungalantibioticantifungalantiviralantitumorinsecticidalK+ gradientnude miceHepG2Inhibitorinhibitorinhibit

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