3-Bromopyruvic acid
Based on 36 publication(s) in Google Scholar
3-Bromopyruvate (Bromopyruvic acid) is an analogue of pyruvate and a potent hexokinase (HK)-II inhibitor with high tumor selectivity. 3-Bromopyruvate inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis through interfering with glycolysis. 3-Bromopyruvate induces autophagy by stimulating ROS formation in breast cancer cells. Antimicrobial activities.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity: 98.0%
- CAS No.: 1113-59-3
- Formula: C3H3BrO3
- Molecular Weight:166.96
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Storage:
4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)
To place orders, for customer services and technical support, please contact: MedChemExpress USA
Tel: 609-228-6898 E-mail: [email protected] [email protected]
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Biological Activity
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Chemical Information
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Solvent & Solubility
- Purity & Documentation
- References
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Help & FAQs
Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) 3-Bromopyruvic acid
More- Cell Stem Cell. 2023 Apr 6;30(4):450-459.e9. [Abstract]
- Bone Res. 2024 Aug 28;12(1):49. [Abstract]
- Mol Cell. 2025 Jul 17;85(14):2733-2748.e7. [Abstract]
- J Clin Invest. 2026 Mar 2;136(5):e172380. [Abstract]
- Chem Eng J. 2025 Mar 1.
- Cell Death Dis. 2025 Mar 17;16(1):182. [Abstract]
- Cell Death Dis. 2022 Sep 20;13(9):803. [Abstract]
- Mater Today Bio. 2025 Apr 10:32:101732. [Abstract]
- Arch Toxicol. 2022 Nov;96(11):2913-2926. [Abstract]
- Arch Toxicol. 2022 Jul;96(7):2113-2122. [Abstract]
- Cell Death Discov. 2025 Oct 31;11(1):493. [Abstract]
- Int J Biol Macromol. 2024 Dec;282(Pt 4):137070. [Abstract]
- J Agric Food Chem. 2021 Nov 3;69(43):12862-12869. [Abstract]
- Neurobiol Dis. 2022 Feb:163:105605. [Abstract]
- Eur J Pharmacol. 2026 May 10:1023:178866. [Abstract]
- Int Immunopharmacol. 2026 Sep 1:184:116961. [Abstract]
- Arthritis Res Ther. 2025 Sep 26;27(1):180. [Abstract]
- Molecules. 2022 Apr 11;27(8):2447. [Abstract]
- Sci Rep. 2025 Mar 28;15(1):10772. [Abstract]
- Sci Rep. 2024 Jul 17;14(1):16561. [Abstract]
- Cell Signal. 2024 Jun:118:111126. [Abstract]
- Poult Sci. 2024 Jun;103(6):103717. [Abstract]
- Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2022 Oct:129:22-29. [Abstract]
- Cell Stress Chaperones. 2022 May;27(3):273-283. [Abstract]
- Exp Cell Res. 2020 Mar 15;388(2):111876. [Abstract]
- Food Chem Toxicol. 2021 Feb:148:111926. [Abstract]
- Exp Eye Res. 2022 Apr 28;220:109095. [Abstract]
- J Inorg Biochem. 2022 Apr 20;233:111838. [Abstract]
- J Inorg Biochem. 2022 Apr:229:111725. [Abstract]
- Vet Parasitol. 2025 Jul:337:110471. [Abstract]
- Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2026 Jan;53(1):e70096. [Abstract]
- Res Sq. 2026 Jun 15.
- bioRxiv. 2026 May 29.
- SSRN. 2025 Dec 2.
- Research Square Print. posted 01 Nov, 2022
- Research Square Preprint. 2021 Jun.
Customer Validation & Images
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IHC
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IP
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WB
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IHC
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WB
Biological Activity
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Cell Line
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Type | Value | Description | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A549 | GI50 |
25 μM
Compound: 3-BP
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Growth inhibition of human A549 cells expressing MCT1 incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay
Growth inhibition of human A549 cells expressing MCT1 incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay
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[PMID: 36584238] |
3-Bromopyruvate enhances TRAIL-induced apoptosis in breast cancer cells[2].
3-Bromopyruvate (Bromopyruvic acid), a hexokinase II inhibitor, can induce apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells by inducing endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress[2].
3-Bromopyruvate inhibits ATP generation and upregulates the expression of DR5. 3-Bromopyruvate upregulates CHOP, GRP78 and the phosphorylation of AMPK and augments TRAIL-induced Bax and caspase-3 levels[2].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Cell Line:MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells
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Concentration:40, 80, 160 or 320 µM
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Incubation Time:24 hours
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Result:3-Bromopyruvate (80 and 160 µmol/l) and TRAIL (400 ng/ml) significantly inhibited cell viability.
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Animal Model:Female nude mice (BALB/c; 4-5-weeks old and 18-20 g)[2]
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Dosage:8 mg/kg
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Administration:I.p.; every 4 days for 28 days
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Result:Showed antitumor efficacy in tumor xenografts.
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 1113-59-3
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 166.96
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Formula C3H3BrO3
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Color Off-white to light yellow
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SMILES
O=C(O)C(CBr)=O
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Synonyms
Bromopyruvic acid; 3-BrPA; Hexokinase II Inhibitor II, 3-BP
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)
Publications (36)
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Journal Impact Factor
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Most Recent
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Cell Stem Cell
Highly efficient and rapid generation of human pluripotent stem cells by chemical reprogramming. [Abstract]2023 Apr 6;30(4):450-459.e9. PMID: 36944335 -
Bone Res
2024 Aug 28;12(1):49. PMID: 39198395
3-Bromopyruvic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Bone Res. 2024 Aug 28;12(1):49. [Abstract]
Immunoblots of the pre-proenzyme and active CTSK levels in osteoclasts treated with 2DG (1 μM), FCCP (1 μM), Rotenone (100 nmol/L) or 3-BrPA (3-Bromopyruvic acid, 1 μM) for 10 h. The MMP-9 and CTSB expression levels were also detected. DMSO-treated osteoclasts were used as controls.
3-Bromopyruvic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Bone Res. 2024 Aug 28;12(1):49. [Abstract]
Immunofluorescence staining to show the CTSK expression level in osteoclasts that were treated with Oligomycin A (10 nM), Rotenone (100 nM), FCCP (1 μM), 2DG (1 μM) or 3BrPA (3-Bromopyruvic acid, 1 μM) for 6 h.
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Mol Cell
YTHDC1 lactylation regulates its phase separation to enhance target mRNA stability and promote RCC progression. [Abstract]2025 Jul 17;85(14):2733-2748.e7. PMID: 40680722 -
J Clin Invest
α-Ketoglutarate protects against cartilage damage via epigenetically driven metabolic reprogramming in osteoarthritis models. [Abstract]2026 Mar 2;136(5):e172380. PMID: 41766657 -
3-Bromopyruvic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Chem Eng J. 2025 Mar 1.
Representative TEM images showed that IR780/3BP@PLGA and CSIR780/3BP@PLGA (Groups 4 and 6, 1 mg/mL PLGA concentration) nanoparticles presented a spherical structure.
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Cell Death Dis
High glucose levels promote glycolysis and cholesterol synthesis via ERRα and suppress the autophagy-lysosomal pathway in endometrial cancer. [Abstract]2025 Mar 17;16(1):182. PMID: 40097416
3-Bromopyruvic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Death Dis. 2025 Mar 17;16(1):182. [Abstract]
Co-IP was performed to clarify the relationship between HK2 and HMGCS1 binding with p62 when added in 10 μM 3-BrPA (3-Bromopyruvic acid) in KLE cells.
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Cell Death Dis
Hnrnpk maintains chondrocytes survival and function during growth plate development via regulating Hif1α-glycolysis axis. [Abstract]2022 Sep 20;13(9):803. PMID: 36127325 -
Mater Today Bio
An exosome-based nanoplatform for siRNA delivery combined with starvation therapy promotes tumor cell death through autophagy, overcoming refractory KRAS-mutated tumors and restoring cetuximab chemosensitivity. [Abstract]2025 Apr 10:32:101732. PMID: 40290881 -
Arch Toxicol
CuO-NPs-triggered heterophil extracellular traps exacerbate liver injury in chicks by promoting oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. [Abstract]2022 Nov;96(11):2913-2926. PMID: 35962800 -
Arch Toxicol
Chicken heterophils extracellular traps act as early effectors against cyclopiazonic acid dependent upon NADPH oxidase, ROS and glycolysis. [Abstract]2022 Jul;96(7):2113-2122. PMID: 35508807 -
Cell Death Discov
Tanshinone IIA inhibits heat-induced growth of p53-mutant Huh-7 hepatocellular carcinoma by modulating osmotic homeostasis and glycolysis through targeting ALDH7A1. [Abstract]2025 Oct 31;11(1):493. PMID: 41173836 -
Int J Biol Macromol
Cepharanthine inhibits African swine fever virus replication by suppressing AKT-associated pathways through disrupting Hsp90-Cdc37 complex. [Abstract]2024 Dec;282(Pt 4):137070. PMID: 39486740
3-Bromopyruvic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Int J Biol Macromol. 2024 Dec;282(Pt 4):137070. [Abstract]
3-BPA (3-Bromopyruvic acid) at concentrations from 1.1 to 10 μM and GSK at concentrations from 3.3 to 30 μM inhibited ASFV replication in a dose-dependent manner, indicating that glycolysis inhibition leads to suppression of ASFV replication in PAMs.
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J Agric Food Chem
Glycolysis and Reactive Oxygen Species Production Participate in T-2 Toxin-Stimulated Chicken Heterophil Extracellular Traps. [Abstract]2021 Nov 3;69(43):12862-12869. PMID: 34694797 -
Neurobiol Dis
Upregulated hexokinase 2 expression induces the apoptosis of dopaminergic neurons by promoting lactate production in Parkinson's disease. [Abstract]2022 Feb:163:105605. PMID: 34973450 -
Eur J Pharmacol
Inhibition of PKM2 lactylation by geniposide ameliorates synovial hyperplasia in experimental arthritis. [Abstract]2026 May 10:1023:178866. PMID: 41990904 -
Int Immunopharmacol
Rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts promote the glycolysis of myeloid-derived suppressor cells via TREM1/mTOR axis. [Abstract]2026 Sep 1:184:116961. PMID: 42242136 -
Arthritis Res Ther
2025 Sep 26;27(1):180. PMID: 41013704 -
Molecules
2022 Apr 11;27(8):2447. PMID: 35458645 -
Sci Rep
PKM2 accelerated the progression of chronic fatigue syndrome via promoting the H4K12la/ NF-κB induced neuroinflammation and mitochondrial damage. [Abstract]2025 Mar 28;15(1):10772. PMID: 40155479 -
Sci Rep
Controlling glycolysis to generate characteristic volatile organic compounds of lung cancer cells. [Abstract]2024 Jul 17;14(1):16561. PMID: 39020066 -
Cell Signal
HK2 promotes migration and invasion of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma via enhancing cancer stem-like cells' resistance to anoikis. [Abstract]2024 Jun:118:111126. PMID: 38453126 -
Poult Sci
2024 Jun;103(6):103717. PMID: 38643746 -
Fish Shellfish Immunol
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) exhibit immune toxicity to crucian carp (Carassius carassius) by neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) release and oxidative stress. [Abstract]2022 Oct:129:22-29. PMID: 35932984 -
Cell Stress Chaperones
Role of endoplasmic reticulum stress in apoptosis induced by HK2 inhibitor and its potential as a new drug combination strategy. [Abstract]2022 May;27(3):273-283. PMID: 35355227 -
Exp Cell Res
CSN5 upregulates glycolysis to promote hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis via stabilizing the HK2 protein. [Abstract]2020 Mar 15;388(2):111876. PMID: 31991125 -
Food Chem Toxicol
Diacetoxyscirpenol-induced heterophil extracellular traps contribute to the immune toxicity of liver injury in chickens. [Abstract]2021 Feb:148:111926. PMID: 33352262 -
Exp Eye Res
Inhibition of Drp1 ameliorates diabetic retinopathy by regulating mitochondrial homeostasis. [Abstract]2022 Apr 28;220:109095. PMID: 35490835 -
J Inorg Biochem
Nanosilver-stimulated heterophil extracellular traps promoted liver and kidney injury in chicken. [Abstract]2022 Apr 20;233:111838. PMID: 35504082 -
J Inorg Biochem
Alumina nanoparticles-induced heterophil extracellular traps exacerbate liver injury by regulating oxidative stress and inflammation in chickens. [Abstract]2022 Apr:229:111725. PMID: 35063926 -
Vet Parasitol
2025 Jul:337:110471. PMID: 40245810 -
Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol
Esculin Facilitates Aerobic Glycolysis via the Wnt/β-Catenin/HIF-1α Pathway to Reduce the Progression of Gastric Cancer. [Abstract]2026 Jan;53(1):e70096. PMID: 41340325 -
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Solvent & Solubility
H2O : 175 mg/mL (1048.16 mM; Need ultrasonic)
DMSO : 100 mg/mL (598.95 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.
- For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
- To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
- The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (14.97 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (14.97 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly:
It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: PBS
Solubility: 100 mg/mL (598.95 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
This product has good water solubility, please refer to the measured solubility data in water/PBS/Saline for details.
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (276 KB)
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SDS (477 KB)
- English - EN (477 KB)
- Français - FR (477 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (477 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (477 KB)
- Español - ES (477 KB)
- Swedish - SV (477 KB)
- Italian - IT (477 KB)
- Korean - KR (477 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (477 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
[1]. Gan L, et al. Synergistic Effect of 3-Bromopyruvate in Combination with Rapamycin Impacted Neuroblastoma Metabolism by Inhibiting Autophagy. Onco Targets Ther. 2020;13:11125-11137. Published 2020 Oct 29. [Content Brief]
[2]. Chen Y, et al. 3 Bromopyruvate sensitizes human breast cancer cells to TRAIL induced apoptosis via the phosphorylated AMPK mediated upregulation of DR5. Oncol Rep. 2018;40(5):2435-2444. [Content Brief]
[3]. Zhang Q, et al. Hexokinase II inhibitor, 3-BrPA induced autophagy by stimulating ROS formation in human breast cancer cells. Genes Cancer. 2014;5(3-4):100-112. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
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| DMSO / H2O | 1 mM | 5.9895 mL | 29.9473 mL | 59.8946 mL | 149.7365 mL |
| 5 mM | 1.1979 mL | 5.9895 mL | 11.9789 mL | 29.9473 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.5989 mL | 2.9947 mL | 5.9895 mL | 14.9736 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.3993 mL | 1.9965 mL | 3.9930 mL | 9.9824 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.2995 mL | 1.4974 mL | 2.9947 mL | 7.4868 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.2396 mL | 1.1979 mL | 2.3958 mL | 5.9895 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.1996 mL | 0.9982 mL | 1.9965 mL | 4.9912 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.1497 mL | 0.7487 mL | 1.4974 mL | 3.7434 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.1198 mL | 0.5989 mL | 1.1979 mL | 2.9947 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.0998 mL | 0.4991 mL | 0.9982 mL | 2.4956 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.0749 mL | 0.3743 mL | 0.7487 mL | 1.8717 mL | |
| 100 mM | 0.0599 mL | 0.2995 mL | 0.5989 mL | 1.4974 mL |
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
3-Bromopyruvic acid Related Classifications
HY-19992 Related Classifications
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