2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-B0689
    Indinavir
    		Inducer 99.96%
    Indinavir (MK-639 free base) is an orally active and selective HIV-1 protease inhibitor with a Ki of 0.54 nM for PR. Indinavir exhibits anticancer activity by inhibiting the activation of MMPs-2 hydrolysis, anti-angiogenesis and inducing apoptosis. Indinavir is also a SARS-CoV 3CLpro inhibitor.
    Indinavir
  • HY-119037
    UK-101
    		Inducer 99.35%
    UK-101 is a potent and selective immunoproteasome β1i (LMP2) inhibitor with an IC50 value of 104 nM, displays 144- and 10-fold selectivity over β1c (IC50=15 μM) and β5 subunit (IC50=1 μM), respectivey. UK-101 induces cell apoptosis and can be used for the study of prostate cancer.
    UK-101
  • HY-17493
    MI-773
    		Inducer
    MI-773 is an orally active, selective MDM2-p53 interaction inhibitor with a Ki of 0.88 nM for MDM2. MI-773 blocks the MDM2-TP53 interaction. MI-773 potently activates p53. MI-773 induces Apoptosis. MI-773 causes tumor regression in xenograft models of adenoid cystic carcinoma. MI-773 exhibits anticancer effects in neuroblastoma. MI-773 TFA can be used for the research of adenoid cystic carcinoma.
    MI-773
  • HY-10582S1
    Flurbiprofen-d5
    		Inducer 99.76%
    Flurbiprofen-d5 is the deuterium labeled Flurbiprofen. Flurbiprofen (dl-Flurbiprofen) is a potent, orally active nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAIA/NSAID), with antipyretic and analgesic activities. Flurbiprofen is commonly used for the research of inflammatory diseases, including osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Flurbiprofen is a non-selective cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor that can be used for the research of colorectal cancer.
    Flurbiprofen-d<sub>5</sub>
  • HY-14655S
    Sulfasalazine-d4
    		Inducer 99.28%
    Sulfasalazine-d4 is the deuterium labeled Sulfasalazine. Sulfasalazine (NSC 667219) is an anti-rheumatic agent for the research of rheumatoid arthritis and ulcerative colitis. Sulfasalazine can suppress NF-κB activity. Sulfasalazine is a type 1 ferroptosis inducer.
    Sulfasalazine-d<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-18085S1
    Quercetin-d3
    		Inducer 98.73%
    Quercetin-d3 is the deuterium labeled Quercetin. Quercetin, a natural flavonoid, is a stimulator of recombinant SIRT1 and also a PI3K inhibitor with IC50 of 2.4 μM, 3.0 μM and 5.4 μM for PI3K γ, PI3K δ and PI3K β, respectively.
    Quercetin-d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-15879
    LB42708
    		Inducer ≥99.0%
    LB42708 is a potent, selective and orally active farnesyltransferase inhibitor. LB42708 inhibits farnesylation of H-Ras, N-Ras and K-Ras4B with IC50s of 0.8 nM, 1.2 nM and 2.0 nM, respectively.
    LB42708
  • HY-15673
    KP372-1
    		Inducer 99.5%
    KP372-1 is an Akt inhibitor that inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis and anoikis. KP372-1 is also an NQO1 redox cycling agent that causes DNA damage (including DNA breakage) by generating ROS. KP372-1 can be used in cancer research (such as head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and pancreatic cancer).
    KP372-1
  • HY-13721
    Phenoxodiol
    		Inducer 99.89%
    Phenoxodiol (Idronoxil), a synthetic analog of Genestein, activates the mitochondrial caspase system, inhibits XIAP (an apoptosis inhibitor), and sensitizes the cancer cells to Fas-mediated apoptosis. Phenoxodiol also inhibits DNA topoisomerase II by stabilizing the cleavable complex. Phenoxodiol induces cell cycle arrest in the G1/S phase of the cell cycle and upregulates p21WAF1 via a p53 independent manner.
    Phenoxodiol
  • HY-13626
    Spisulosine
    		Inducer 99.5%
    Spisulosine (ES-285) is an antiproliferative (antitumoral) compound of marine origin. Spisulosine inhibits the growth of the prostate PC-3 and LNCaP cells through intracellular ceramide accumulation and PKCζ activation. Spisulosine induces apoptosis in PC-3 and LNCaP cells.
    Spisulosine
  • HY-107599
    AEG3482
    		Inhibitor 99.79%
    AEG3482 is a potent antiapoptotic compound that inhibits Jun kinase (JNK) activity through induced expression of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70). AEG3482 directly binds HSP90, thereby facilitating HSF1-dependent expression of HSP70 and HSP25.
    AEG3482
  • HY-N4225
    Aaptamine
    		Inducer 99.71%
    Aaptamine is an alkaloid that can be isolated from the sponge Aaptos suberitoides. Aaptamine is a competitive antagonist of the α-adrenergic receptor, as well as an inhibitor of the proteasome and cholinesterase. Aaptamine is cytotoxic to tumor cells and can induce apoptosis, cell cycle arrest of tumor cells, and the expression of p21 through a p53-independent pathway. Aaptamine has multiple activities such as anti-tumor, antioxidant, antibacterial, and analgesic effects.
    Aaptamine
  • HY-N8210
    Homoeriodictyol
    		Inducer 99.86%
    Homoeriodictyol is an orally active, bitter-tasting flavanone that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier. Homoeriodictyol enhances synaptic-related protein expression through NCOA4-mediated ferritin autophagy. Homoeriodictyol improves memory impairment in mice by inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome. Homoeriodictyol protects human endothelial cells from oxidative damage by activating Nrf2 and inhibiting mitochondrial dysfunction. Homoeriodictyol enhances ROS activity and induces apoptosis, exhibiting anticancer effects. Homoeriodictyol inhibits the survival and migration of androgen-resistant prostate cancer cells in vitro. Homoeriodictyol exerts antinociceptive activity in mice in vivo.
    Homoeriodictyol
  • HY-N2486
    Desoxyrhaponticin
    		Inducer 99.80%
    Desoxyrhaponticin is a kind of oral drug that inhibits effective fatty acid synthesis (FASN), and has a fatal effect on cancer cells. Desoxyrhaponticin has the ability to inhibit glucose uptake, improve oral glucose tolerance as a diabetic agent, and possess anti-diabetic effects.
    Desoxyrhaponticin
  • HY-N6784
    Oligomycin B
    		Inducer
    Oligomycin B is an antibiotic that acts as a non-selective inhibitor of ATP Synthase. Oligomycin B increases mitochondrial membrane potential. Oligomycin B induces apoptosis and necrosis. Oligomycin B impairs the motility of Plasmopara viticola zoospores and induces their lysis. Oligomycin B inhibits Magnaporthe oryzae (wheat blast fungus) and suppresses the development of wheat blast. Oligomycin B reduces hyphal growth and spore germination of Botrytis cinerea, and protects Arabidopsis thaliana against Botrytis cinerea infection. Oligomycin B exacerbates cytotoxic brain edema in rats with cerebral cortical contusion, increases intracranial pressure and brain water content, and aggravates mitochondrial damage in these rats. Oligomycin B is used in studies related to grape downy mildew, traumatic brain injury, wheat blast, and gray mold.
    Oligomycin B
  • HY-B1941
    4-tert-Octylphenol
    		Inducer 99.70%
    4-tert-Octylphenol, a endocrine-disrupting chemical, is an estrogenic agent. 4-tert-Octylphenol is also a biodegradation product of non-ionic surfactants alkylphenol polyethoxylates. 4-tert-Octylphenol induces apoptosis in neuronal progenitor cells in offspring mouse brain. 4-tert-Octylphenol reduces bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), mitotic marker Ki67, and phospho-histone H3 (p-Histone-H3), resulting in a reduction of neuronal progenitor proliferation. 4-tert-Octylphenol disrupts brain development and behavior in mice, which is promising for reserch of immune response, neuro-related diseases and ethology.
    4-tert-Octylphenol
  • HY-120968
    Arachidoyl ethanolamide
    		Inducer 98.3%
    Arachidoyl Ethanolamide (N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-eicosanamide) is an ester product.
    Arachidoyl ethanolamide
  • HY-N0568R
    Madecassoside (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Madecassoside (Standard) is the analytical standard of Madecassoside. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Madecassoside is a pentacyclic triterpene isolated from Centella asiatica and has anti-inflammatory properties. Antioxidant and anti-aging effects. Madecassoside is a pentacyclic triterpene isolated from Centella asiatica. Madecassoside is orally active and has inhibitory properties against inflammation, oxidation, apoptosis and autophagy. Madecassosid inhibits activities of p38 MAPK and NF-kB, exhibits an anti-apopototic property, activates Nrf2 expression to reduce the neurotoxicity[10]. Madecassoside can be used in endocrine diseases, cardiovascular diseases, skin diseases and other diseases.
    Madecassoside (Standard)
  • HY-15114
    S 17092
    		Inhibitor 99.78%
    S 17092 (S 17092-1) is an orally active cerebral prolyl-endopeptidase (PEP) inhibitor with an IC50 of 1.2 nM. S 17092 inhibits cell apoptosis. S 17092 mechanism of action is to inhibit the activity of PEP, slowing down the degradation of neuroactive peptides and thus enhancing memory function. S 17092 can be used for the research of memory impairment and cognitive disorders associated with cerebral aging.
    S 17092
  • HY-19356A
    Didesmethylrocaglamide
    		Activator 98.84%
    Didesmethylrocaglamide, a derivative of Rocaglamide, is a potent eukaryotic initiation factor 4A (eIF4A) inhibitor. Didesmethylrocaglamide has potent growth-inhibitory activity with an IC50 of 5 nM. Didesmethylrocaglamide suppresses multiple growth-promoting signaling pathways and induces apoptosis in tumor cells. Antitumor activity.
    Didesmethylrocaglamide
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity