2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-160099
    20-5,14-HEDE
    		Inducer 98.34%
    20-5,14-HEDE (WIT003) is an analog of 20-HETE. 20-5,14-HEDE activates PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, thereby exhibiting anti-apoptotic and cell survival promoting effects. 20-5,14-HEDE is the agonist for 20-HETE that increases intracellular Ca2+ concentrations, thereby enhancing vasoconstriction.
    20-5,14-HEDE
  • HY-115386
    MitoTEMPOL
    		99.9%
    MitoTEMPOL is a a mitochondria-targeted nitroxide that reduces mitochondrial O2-to H2O2.
    MitoTEMPOL
  • HY-N0809
    Sesamolin
    		Inhibitor 98.51%
    Sesamolin, isolated from Sesamum indicum, has antioxidative activity, Sesamolin inhibits lipid peroxidation and shows neuroprotection effect. Sesamolinl potently inhibits MAPK cascades by preventing phosphorylation of JNK, p38 MAPKs, and caspase-3 but not ERK-MAPK expression. Sesamolin is orally active.
    Sesamolin
  • HY-N12257
    Antimycin A2
    		Activator 99.0%
    Antimycin A2 is a selective inhibitor of the cytochrome b-c1 complex in the mitochondrial electron transport chain. Antimycin A2 disrupts mitochondrial membrane potential and produces reactive oxygen species (ROS) by inhibiting electron transfer between cytochrome b and c. Antimycin A2 has bactericidal and piscicidal activity, as well as tumor cell growth inhibitory effects, and can induce S-phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in HeLa cells. Antimycin A2 is suitable for research of cervical cancer and fisheries management. Antimycin A2 can be naturally isolated from the fermentation products of Streptomyces sp. strains.
    Antimycin A2
  • HY-117049
    Leucettine L41
    		Inhibitor 98.98%
    Leucettine L41 is a potent inhibitor of dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinases (DYRKs) and CDC-like kinases (CLKs). Leucettine L41 can also inhibit GSK-3 singnaling. Leucettine L41 can inhibit cell apoptosis and ROS production. Leucettine L41 can promote β-cell cell cycle progression, cell proliferation and increase insulin secretion. Leucettine L41 can be used for the researches of neurological disease and metabolic disease, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and diabetes.
    Leucettine L41
  • HY-N0523R
    Gallic acid (Standard)
    Gallic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Gallic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Gallic acid (3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid) is a natural polyhydroxyphenolic compound and an free radical scavenger to inhibit cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Gallic acid has various activities, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anticance activities.
    Gallic acid (Standard)
  • HY-W023144
    Tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate
    		Inducer 98.0%
    Tris (1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (Tris (1-chloropropan-2-yl) phosphate) is a chlorinated organophosphate flame retardant. Tris (1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate induces DNA damage, elevates intracellular ROS levels, and triggers oxidative stress. Tris (1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate disrupts mitochondrial membrane potential, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction. Tris (1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate can trigger cell Apoptosis. Tris (1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate reduces the survival rate of umbilical vein endothelial cells at relatively high concentrations.
    Tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate
  • HY-D0844R
    Glutathione oxidized (Standard)
    Glutathione oxidized (Standard) is the analytical standard of Glutathione oxidized. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Glutathione oxidized (L-Glutathione oxidized) is produced by the oxidation of glutathione. Detoxification of reactive oxygen species is accompanied by production of glutathione oxidized. Glutathione oxidized can be used for the research of sickle cells and erythrocytes.
    Glutathione oxidized (Standard)
  • HY-109110
    Avasopasem manganese
    Avasopasem manganese (GC4419; M-40419) is a potent superoxide dismutase mimetic that rapidly and specifically converts O2*- to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), arresting the initiation of this cascade. Avasopasem manganese can be used for the research of severe oral mucositis (SOM) and cancer.
    Avasopasem manganese
  • HY-128799A
    CL097 hydrochloride
    		Inducer 99.96%
    CL097, a potent TLR7 and TLR8 agonist, induces pro-inflammatory cytokines in macrophages. CL097 induces NADPH oxidase priming, resulting in an increase of the fMLF-stimulated ROS production.
    CL097 hydrochloride
  • HY-130574
    MnTE-2-PyP chloride
    MnTE-2-PyP (BMX-010) chloride is a ROS scavenger and potent radioprotector. MnTE-2-PyP also is a manganese porphyrin, protects normal prostate tissue from radiation damage. MnTE-2-PyP can be used for the research of diabetic prostate cancer.
    MnTE-2-PyP chloride
  • HY-W014940
    Ethylene glycol dimethacrylate
    		Agonist 99.52%
    Ethylene glycol dimethacrylate is a diester formed by the condensation of Ethylene glycol (HY-Y0338) and Methacrylic acid. Ethylene glycol dimethacrylate is a cross-linking agent for polymers. Ethylene glycol dimethacrylate increases Apoptosis, GPx4, SOD2, ROS. Ethylene glycol dimethacrylate is cytotoxic and genotoxic. Ethylene glycol dimethacrylate exhibits cross-linking activity, enhancing the mechanical properties and stability of materials.
    Ethylene glycol dimethacrylate
  • HY-N6953
    Garcinone D
    		Activator 99.30%
    Garcinone D is an activator of the STAT3/Cyclin D1 and Nrf2/HO-1 pathways, and an inhibitor of CDK2/CyclinE1 (IC50 for CDK2/CyclinE1 is 28.23 μM). Garcinone D promotes neural stem cell proliferation by activating STAT3 phosphorylation and Cyclin D1 expression and enhancing the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. In addition, Garcinone D blocks the tumor cell cycle by inhibiting CDK2/CyclinE1. Garcinone D can promote the proliferation of C17.2 neural stem cells and inhibit prostate and breast cancer.
    Garcinone D
  • HY-N2007
    Veratric acid
    		99.99%
    Veratric acid (3,4-Dimethoxybenzoic acid) is an orally active phenolic compound derived from vegetables and fruits, has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Veratric acid also acts as a protective agent against hypertension-associated cardiovascular remodelling. Veratric acid reduces upregulated COX-2 expression, and levels of PGE2, IL-6 after UVB irradiation.
    Veratric acid
  • HY-W762011
    BDE 47
    		Inducer 98.65%
    BDE 47 targets mitochondria, inhibits mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), decreases mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and induces apoptosis in embryonic cell. BDE 47 induces the generation of ROS, and activates the JNK signaling pathway. BDE 47 exhibits embryonic developmental toxicity in zebrafish.
    BDE 47
  • HY-N3266
    Methyl rosmarinate
    		Inhibitor 99.89%
    Methyl rosmarinate is an orally active hydroxycinnamic acid. Methyl rosmarinate exhibits an IC50 of 24.70 μM and a Ki of 15.29 μM against PTP1B, an IC50 of 41.46 μg/mL against BChE, a Ki of 0.61 mM against mushroom tyrosinase, and an IC50 of 2.50 μM against SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro. Methyl rosmarinate downregulates the phosphorylation levels of ERK, JNK, p38, Smad2 and Smad3. Methyl rosmarinate activates erythrocyte BPGM and promotes the production of 2,3-BPG. Methyl rosmarinate induces apoptosis of fibroblasts. Methyl rosmarinate prolongs the survival time of hypoxic mice. Methyl rosmarinate improves insulin sensitivity. Methyl rosmarinate binds to SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro and inhibits viral replication. Methyl rosmarinate induces glioblastoma cell death. Methyl rosmarinate activates the TGR5/AMPK axis and reduces the levels of ROS and MDA. Methyl rosmarinate shows inhibitory activity against MMP-1. Methyl rosmarinate can be used in research related to pulmonary fibrosis, hypoxia-induced injury, type 2 diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, hyperpigmentation disorders, COVID-19, glioblastoma and myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury.
    Methyl rosmarinate
  • HY-N0060A
    Ferulic acid sodium
    		99.88%
    Ferulic acid sodium is a novel fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) inhibitor with IC50s of 3.78 and 12.5 μM for FGFR1 and FGFR2, respectively.
    Ferulic acid sodium
  • HY-169056
    SLC7A11-IN-2
    		99.80%
    SLC7A11-IN-2 (Compound 1) is an SLC7A11/xCT inhibitor. SLC7A11-IN-2 induces cell death in HeLa cells by lowering intracellular glutathione levels and increasing oxidative stress, thereby disrupting the oxidative balance within the cells, with an IC50 value of 10.23 μM. Molecular dynamics simulation analysis indicates that SLC7A11-IN-2 has a stronger binding affinity to SLC7A11 compared to Erastin (HY-15763). SLC7A11-IN-2 can be utilized in research within the field of cervical cancer.
    SLC7A11-IN-2
  • HY-N0061
    Ethyl ferulate
    		99.85%
    Ethyl ferulate, a naturally lipophilic derivative of ferulic acid originally derived from Rhizoma Chuanxiong, induces heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and protects rat neurons against oxidative stress. Ethyl ferulate also protects neurons against amyloid β peptide (1-42)-induced oxidative stress and neurotoxicity.
    Ethyl ferulate
  • HY-W229874
    EN106
    		Inhibitor 99.92%
    EN106 is a potent inhibitor of FEMIB. EN106 is a cysteine-reactive covalent ligand. EN106 disrupts recognition of the key reductive stress substrate of FEM1B, FNIP1. EN106 reduces oxidative stress and rescues high glucose-induced impaired angiogenesis in HUVECs.
    EN106
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity