Ethyl ferulate
Based on 4 publication(s) in Google Scholar
Ethyl ferulate, a naturally lipophilic derivative of ferulic acid originally derived from Rhizoma Chuanxiong, induces heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and protects rat neurons against oxidative stress. Ethyl ferulate also protects neurons against amyloid β peptide (1-42)-induced oxidative stress and neurotoxicity.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity : 99.85%
- CAS No.: 4046-02-0
- Formula: C12H14O4
- Molecular Weight:222.24
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Storage:
4°C, stored under nitrogen
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (stored under nitrogen)
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Biological Activity
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Chemical Information
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Solvent & Solubility
- Protocols
- Purity & Documentation
- References
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Help & FAQs
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Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Ethyl ferulate
More
Biological Activity
Description
Cellular Effect
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Cell Line
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Type | Value | Description | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A549 | GI50 |
1.2 μM
Compound: 11
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Growth inhibition of human A549 cells by Sulforhodamine B assay
Growth inhibition of human A549 cells by Sulforhodamine B assay
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[PMID: 21106458] |
| A549 | IC50 |
12.5 μM
Compound: 1b
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Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells after 72 hrs by alamar blue assay
Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells after 72 hrs by alamar blue assay
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[PMID: 22954735] |
| Calu-1 | IC50 |
>50 μM
Compound: 1b
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Cytotoxicity against human Calu1 cells after 72 hrs by alamar blue assay
Cytotoxicity against human Calu1 cells after 72 hrs by alamar blue assay
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[PMID: 22954735] |
| HeLa | GI50 |
52.8 μM
Compound: 11
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Growth inhibition of human HeLa cells by Sulforhodamine B assay
Growth inhibition of human HeLa cells by Sulforhodamine B assay
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[PMID: 21106458] |
| HeLa | IC50 |
2.13 μM
Compound: 1b
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Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells after 72 hrs by alamar blue assay
Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells after 72 hrs by alamar blue assay
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[PMID: 22954735] |
| HOP-62 | IC50 |
26.8 μM
Compound: 1b
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Cytotoxicity against human HOP62 cells after 72 hrs by alamar blue assay
Cytotoxicity against human HOP62 cells after 72 hrs by alamar blue assay
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[PMID: 22954735] |
| LOX IMVI | IC50 |
>50 μM
Compound: 1b
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Cytotoxicity against human LOXIMVI cells after 72 hrs by alamar blue assay
Cytotoxicity against human LOXIMVI cells after 72 hrs by alamar blue assay
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[PMID: 22954735] |
| M14 | IC50 |
>50 μM
Compound: 1b
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Cytotoxicity against human M14 cells after 72 hrs by alamar blue assay
Cytotoxicity against human M14 cells after 72 hrs by alamar blue assay
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[PMID: 22954735] |
| MCF7 | GI50 |
86.3 μM
Compound: 11
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Growth inhibition of human MCF7 cells by Sulforhodamine B assay
Growth inhibition of human MCF7 cells by Sulforhodamine B assay
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[PMID: 21106458] |
| MT4 | CC50 |
>10 μM
Compound: 9
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Cytotoxicity against human MT4 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 3 days by CytoTox-Glo assay
Cytotoxicity against human MT4 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 3 days by CytoTox-Glo assay
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[PMID: 26756779] |
| MT4 | EC50 |
>10 μM
Compound: 9
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Antiviral activity against HIV1 NL4-3 infected in human MT4 cells assessed as reduction in viral replication measured on day 3 post infection by luciferase reporter gene assay
Antiviral activity against HIV1 NL4-3 infected in human MT4 cells assessed as reduction in viral replication measured on day 3 post infection by luciferase reporter gene assay
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[PMID: 26756779] |
| NCI-H1299 | IC50 |
36.8 μM
Compound: 1b
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Cytotoxicity against human NCI-H1299 cells after 72 hrs by alamar blue assay
Cytotoxicity against human NCI-H1299 cells after 72 hrs by alamar blue assay
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[PMID: 22954735] |
| NCI-H157 | IC50 |
32.3 μM
Compound: 1b
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Cytotoxicity against human NCI-H157 cells after 72 hrs by alamar blue assay
Cytotoxicity against human NCI-H157 cells after 72 hrs by alamar blue assay
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[PMID: 22954735] |
| NCI-H1792 | IC50 |
25.6 μM
Compound: 1b
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Cytotoxicity against human NCI-H1792 cells after 72 hrs by alamar blue assay
Cytotoxicity against human NCI-H1792 cells after 72 hrs by alamar blue assay
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[PMID: 22954735] |
| NCI-H460 | IC50 |
29.1 μM
Compound: 1b
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Cytotoxicity against human H460 cells after 72 hrs by alamar blue assay
Cytotoxicity against human H460 cells after 72 hrs by alamar blue assay
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[PMID: 22954735] |
| Platelet | IC50 |
193.2 μM
Compound: Ethyl ferulate
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Anti-platelet activity in rabbit platelet-rich plasma assessed as inhibition of ADP-induced platelet aggregation incubated for 5 mins at 37 degC by aggregometry
Anti-platelet activity in rabbit platelet-rich plasma assessed as inhibition of ADP-induced platelet aggregation incubated for 5 mins at 37 degC by aggregometry
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10.1039/C4MD00022F |
| SK-N-SH | GI50 |
22.3 μM
Compound: 11
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Growth inhibition of human SK-N-SH cells by Sulforhodamine B assay
Growth inhibition of human SK-N-SH cells by Sulforhodamine B assay
|
[PMID: 21106458] |
In Vitro
Ethyl ferulate (1-50 μM, 6 or 24 h) increases HO activity, HO-1 mRNA, and protein expression in astrocytes and hippocampal neurons[1].
Ethyl ferulate (5 μM, 12 h) protects rat hippocampal neurons from GOX-induced cell death by induction of HO-1[1].
Ethyl ferulate (10-50 μM, 24 h) protects primary neuronal cells against Aβ-peptide (1–42)-induced cytotoxicity, formation of 3-NT, ROS accumulation, and lipid peroxidation[2].
Ethyl ferulate (20-160 µM, 24 h) protects RPE cells from CoCl2 (150 µM) induced reduction in cell viability[5].
Ethyl ferulate (40 µM, 24 h) inhibits CoCl2-induced VEGFA expression by activating the Nrf-2 pathway and reducing ROS generation in RPE cells[5].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only. Further protocols information, click here.
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Cell Line:RPE cells (induced by 150 µM CoCl2 for 12 h)
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Concentration:40 µM
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Incubation Time:2 h
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Result:Increased Nrf-2 expression and nuclear translocation.
Decreased Keap-1 expression, Aand increased HO-1 and NQO-1 expression.
Reduced hypoxia-induced HIF-1α and VEGFA expression.
In Vivo
Ethyl ferulate (0.05-0.2 μg, intravitreal administration, 1 µl/eye) inhibits retinal neovascularization in the oxygen-induced retinopathy mice model[5].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Animal Model:LPS (0.5 mg/kg)-induced acute lung injury mice model[3]
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Dosage:15 and 30 mg/kg
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Administration:i.p., twice a day for 5 days
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Result:Reduced leukocyte infiltration.
Reduced MPO activity, mRNA levels and secretion of TNF-α and IL-6.
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 4046-02-0
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 222.24
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Formula C12H14O4
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Color White to off-white
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SMILES
O=C(OCC)/C=C/C1=CC=C(O)C(OC)=C1
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Structure Classification
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Initial Source
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
4°C, stored under nitrogen
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (stored under nitrogen)
Publications (4)
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Journal Impact Factor
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Most Recent
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Phytomedicine
Ethyl ferulate suppresses choroidal neovascularization by accelerating Keap1 degradation through the inhibition of PSMD14-mediated deubiquitination. [Abstract]2026 Apr:153:157913. PMID: 41650523 -
Acta Pharmacol Sin
Ethyl ferulate protects against lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury by activating AMPK/Nrf2 signaling pathway. [Abstract]2021 Dec;42(12):2069-2081. PMID: 34417573 -
Inflamm Res
Ethyl ferulate attenuates allergic asthma via inhibiting macrophage M2 polarization through STAT6/IRF4 pathway. [Abstract]2026 Jun 29;75(1):157. PMID: 42371045 -
Fish Shellfish Immunol
Emodin enhances host antiviral immunity against Micropterus salmoides rhabdovirus by activating RLR signaling in largemouth bass. [Abstract]2025 Nov:166:110633. PMID: 40769268
Solvent & Solubility
In Vitro:
DMSO : ≥ 100 mg/mL (449.96 mM; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
* "≥" means soluble, but saturation unknown.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (stored under nitrogen). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (stored under nitrogen). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
In Vivo:
Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.
- For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
- To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
- The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (11.25 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (11.25 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
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%DMSO +
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
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%+
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+%Tween-80 + +
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%Saline +
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL DMSO. Stock solution concentration: mg/mL. * In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (stored under nitrogen)
1. Take μL DMSO stock solution;
2. Add μL .
μL , mix evenly;
3. Then add μL Tween 80, mix evenly;
4. Then add μL
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Protocols
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Neurotoxicity Study
This protocol assesses in vitro neurotoxicity by combining neuronal viability, mitochondrial/metabolic activity, neurite outgrowth, and optional neuronal network function readouts. Calcein-AM or resazurin/PrestoBlue readouts estimate viable or metabolically active cells; βIII-tubulin immunofluorescence detects neuronal morphology and neurite networks; TMRE detects mitochondrial membrane potential; and MEA recordings detect functional changes in neuronal network activity.
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ROS/oxidative-stress fluorescent staining
ROS/oxidative-stress fluorescent staining uses cell-permeant fluorogenic probes that become fluorescent after oxidation inside cells or tissues; commonly used examples include DCFH-DA/DCFDA for broad cellular oxidant detection, DHE for superoxide-related signal detection, MitoSOX for mitochondrial superoxide-related signal detection, and CellROX probes for oxidative-stress-associated fluorescence readouts. The assay detects probe oxidation rather than a single ROS species unless the probe and analysis method have been chemically validated for that species. DCFH-DA enters cells, is deacetylated by intracellular esterases to DCFH, and produces fluorescent DCF after oxidation, so the readout is used as an operational measure of total cellular oxidative stress rather than a species-specific ROS measurement. DHE and MitoSOX can report superoxide-related oxidation, but red fluorescence alone can include non-specific ethidium-like oxidation products; HPLC or optimized spectral approaches are
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Amyloid: Congo Red Amyloid Staining
Congo red amyloid staining is a histochemical method used to detect extracellular amyloid deposits in tissue sections based on the affinity of Congo red dye for β-pleated sheet-rich protein aggregates. When bound to amyloid, Congo red produces characteristic apple-green birefringence under polarized light microscopy, which is widely regarded as a diagnostic feature of amyloid deposition in histopathology. The diagnostic principle relies on the combination of dye binding (congophilia) and optical anisotropy under polarized illumination, which distinguishes amyloid from most non-amyloid eosinophilic extracellular deposits in routine histological evaluation. Amyloid identification by Congo red staining remains a cornerstone in diagnostic pathology despite the availability of adjunct methods such as immunohistochemistry and mass spectrometry, particularly because of its ability to localize deposits directly within tissue architecture. The specificity of Congo red-positive deposits is incre
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (277 KB)
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SDS (393 KB)
- English - EN (393 KB)
- Français - FR (393 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (393 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (393 KB)
- Español - ES (393 KB)
- Swedish - SV (393 KB)
- Italian - IT (393 KB)
- Korean - KR (393 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (393 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
[1]. Scapagnini G, et al. Ethyl ferulate, a lipophilic polyphenol, induces HO-1 and protects rat neurons against oxidative stress. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2004 Oct;6(5):811-8. [Content Brief]
[2]. Sultana R, et al. Ferulic acid ethyl ester protects neurons against amyloid beta- peptide(1-42)-induced oxidative stress and neurotoxicity: relationship to antioxidant activity. J Neurochem. 2005 Feb;92(4):749-58. [Content Brief]
[3]. Wang Y, et al. Ethyl ferulate contributes to the inhibition of the inflammatory responses in murine RAW 264.7 macrophage cells and acute lung injury in mice. PLoS One. 2021 May 26;16(5):e0251578. [Content Brief]
[5]. Xue R, et al. Protective effect of ethyl ferulate against hypoxic injury in retinal cells and retinal neovascularization in an oxygen-induced retinopathy model. Phytomedicine. 2023 Dec;121:155097. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (stored under nitrogen). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DMSO | 1 mM | 4.4996 mL | 22.4982 mL | 44.9964 mL | 112.4910 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.8999 mL | 4.4996 mL | 8.9993 mL | 22.4982 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.4500 mL | 2.2498 mL | 4.4996 mL | 11.2491 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.3000 mL | 1.4999 mL | 2.9998 mL | 7.4994 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.2250 mL | 1.1249 mL | 2.2498 mL | 5.6245 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.1800 mL | 0.8999 mL | 1.7999 mL | 4.4996 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.1500 mL | 0.7499 mL | 1.4999 mL | 3.7497 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.1125 mL | 0.5625 mL | 1.1249 mL | 2.8123 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.0900 mL | 0.4500 mL | 0.8999 mL | 2.2498 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.0750 mL | 0.3750 mL | 0.7499 mL | 1.8748 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.0562 mL | 0.2812 mL | 0.5625 mL | 1.4061 mL | |
| 100 mM | 0.0450 mL | 0.2250 mL | 0.4500 mL | 1.1249 mL |
Ethyl ferulate Related Classifications
HY-N0061 Related Classifications
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