2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Related Products

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-77591R
    Cysteamine hydrochloride (Standard)
    Cysteamine (hydrochloride) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Cysteamine (hydrochloride). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Cysteamine hydrochloride (2-Aminoethanethiol hydrochloride) is an orally active agent for the treatment of nephropathic cystinosis and an antioxidant.
    Cysteamine hydrochloride (Standard)
  • HY-N2413
    Gomisin D
    		Inhibitor 99.56%
    Gomisin D is an orally active lignan that binds to PDGFRβ with a Kd of 10 μM. By targeting PDGFRβ to regulate signaling pathways, Gomisin D inhibits the activation and proliferation of hepatic stellate cells and promotes their apoptosis, thereby ameliorating hepatic fibrosis. Gomisin D exhibits multiple activities such as photoprotection, antimelanogenesis, antioxidant effects, and hypoglycemic activity. Gomisin D can be used in studies related to diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, and hepatic fibrosis.
    Gomisin D
  • HY-137475
    Chlorin e6 trimethyl ester
    		99.81%
    Chlorin e6 trimethyl ester, a methyl pheophorbide-a derivative, is a photosensitizer that can be used in photodynamic therapy (PDT).
    Chlorin e6 trimethyl ester
  • HY-149265
    ROS-generating agent 1
    		Inducer 99.11%
    ROS-generating agent 1 is a selective ROS-generating agent. ROS-generating agent 1 inhibits TrxR activity and expression in cancer cells. ROS-generating agent 1 induces ROS-dependent apoptosis and ferroptosis in cancer cells. ROS-generating agent 1 selectively kills lung cancer cells and inhibits the growth of cancer cell xenograft tumors in nude mice. ROS-generating agent 1 can be used for the research of non-small cell lung cancer.
    ROS-generating agent 1
  • HY-P5589
    Plantaricin A
    		Activator 99.98%
    Plantaricin A is an antimicrobial peptide that can be derived from Lactobacillus plantarum. Plantaricin A has a synergistic effect with Ciprofloxacin. Plantaricin A shows anti-microbial activity. Plantaricin A increases the membrane potential of S. aureus and the level of intracellular ROS. Plantaricin A inhibits the function of the efflux pump by binding it and altering the structure of MepA, NorA, and LmrS. Plantaricin A significantly relieves inflammation, and promotes wound healing. Plantaricin A permeabilizes cancerous rat pituitary cells[1][2].
    Plantaricin A
  • HY-N0864
    Macranthoidin B
    		Inducer 98.35%
    Macranthoidin B (Macranthoiside I) is an orally active triterpene saponin. Macranthoidin B inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition in endometriosis via the COX‑2/PGE2 pathway, and also induces tumor cell apoptosis and inhibits their proliferation by regulating metabolism and increasing ROS levels. Macranthoidin B can be used in studies related to endometriosis, colorectal cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma.
    Macranthoidin B
  • HY-147817
    Heme Oxygenase-2-IN-1
    		Inhibitor 98.82%
    Heme Oxygenase-2-IN-1 (Compound 9) is a potent, selective heme oxygenase-2 (HO-2) inhibitor with IC50 values of 0.9 μM and 14.9 μM against HO-2 and HO-1, respectively.
    Heme Oxygenase-2-IN-1
  • HY-D1156A
    HKSOX-1m (5/6-mixture) hydrobromide
    		99.55%
    HKSOX-1m (5/6-mixture) hydrobromide is a O2 fluorescent probe for mitochondria-targeting (Ex/Em=509/534nm; green), exhibiting excellent selectivity and sensitivity toward O2 over a broad range of pH, strong oxidants, and abundant reductants found in cells.
    HKSOX-1m (5/6-mixture) hydrobromide
  • HY-12538
    Graveoline
    		Inducer 99.93%
    Graveoline (Rutamine) is an orally active alkaloid with various activities such as antifungal, antiparasitic, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor effects. Graveoline can induce tumor cell apoptosis and autophagy through a reactive oxygen species-mediated pathway. Graveoline has an MIC of 500 μg/mL for Candida albicans. Graveoline can be used in the research of various diseases such as tumors and liver injury.
    Graveoline
  • HY-50670
    DGAT-1 inhibitor 2
    		Activator
    DGAT-1 inhibitor 2 is an orally active DGAT-1 inhibitor with IC50 values of 15 nM and 9 nM for human DGAT-1 and rat DGAT-1, respectively. DGAT-1 inhibitor 2 increases ROS concentration, GRP78, and PERK protein abundance. DGAT-1 inhibitor 2 increases SREBF1, CPT1A, and MTTP mRNA in fatty acid-treated cells. DGAT-1 inhibitor 2 improves obesity.
    DGAT-1 inhibitor 2
  • HY-121577
    Sonlicromanol
    		Modulator 98.65%
    Sonlicromanol (KH176) is an orally active reactive oxygen species (ROS) modulator for the study in mitochondrial disease.
    Sonlicromanol
  • HY-111237
    Butyrolactone I
    		Inhibitor 99.80%
    Butyrolactone I is an orally active and ATP-competitive inhibitor of CDK1. Butyrolactone I inhibits NF-κB, cdc2 kinase, Bax, ROS production, modulates the PERK/CHOP. Butyrolactone I mitigates heat-stress-induced Apoptosis. Butyrolactone I shows anti-inflammatory and intestinal protective activity. Butyrolactone I has antitumor effects against non-small cell lung, small cell lung, prostate cancer and leukemia. Butyrolactone I can be used in NASH research.
    Butyrolactone I
  • HY-136593
    (S)-3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxypropionic acid
    		Inhibitor 99.77%
    (S)-3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxypropionic acid (Compound 1) is a metabolite. (S)-3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxypropionic acid can be isolated from the culture medium of Leuconostoc mesenteroides. (S)-3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxypropionic acid has strong antioxidant activity.
    (S)-3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxypropionic acid
  • HY-134545
    N-Arachidonoyl-L-alanine
    		99.9%
    N-Arachidonoyl-L-alanine is an endocannabinoid analog with anti-cancer effects. N- Arachidonoyl-L-alanine kills HNSCC cells through 5-LO-mediated ROS productio.
    N-Arachidonoyl-L-alanine
  • HY-126848
    Diclofenac acyl glucuronide
    		Activator 98.34%
    Diclofenac acyl glucuronide (D-1-O-G) is an orally active glucuronide metabolite of Diclofenac (HY-15036). Diclofenac acyl glucuronide exhibits SOD inhibitory activity, COX-1 inhibitory activity (IC50 = 0.620 μM), and COX-2 inhibitory activity (IC50 = 2.91 μM). Diclofenac acyl glucuronide induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and acts as a substrate of OATP2B1. Diclofenac acyl glucuronide induces small intestinal ulcers. Diclofenac acyl glucuronide can be used in research related to intestinal diseases and small intestinal ulcers.
    Diclofenac acyl glucuronide
  • HY-176747
    7-PPD
    		Inhibitor 99.1%
    7-PPD (DMPPD) is a rubber antioxidant that scavenges free radicals and inhibits the oxidative degradation of rubber chains. 7-PPD shows promise for research in tire manufacturing and rubber product processing.
    7-PPD
  • HY-125938
    Cycloartenyl ferulate
    		Inhibitor 99.15%
    Cycloartenyl ferulate (Cycloartenol ferulate; Cycloartenol ferulic acid ester) is a derivative of γ-oryzanol (HY-B2194) with multiple biological activities including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor properties. Cycloartenyl ferulate selectively binds to IFNγR1 (binding affinity Kd = 0.5 μM) to activate the canonical JAK1/2-STAT1 signaling pathway. Cycloartenyl ferulate inhibits paraquat (PQ)-triggered apoptosis and ROS in HK2 cells. Cycloartenyl ferulate enhances the activation and cytolytic activity of natural killer (NK) cells by upregulating the expression of NK cell activation receptors (NKG2D, NKp30, NKp44) and the release of cytotoxic molecules and cytokine IFNγ. Cycloartenyl ferulate exerts anti-cancer effects in tumor mice models. Cycloartenyl ferulate can be used for the study of cancer and allergic inflammation intervention.
    Cycloartenyl ferulate
  • HY-W099479
    Insect repellent M 3535
    		Inducer 99.91%
    Insect repellent M 3535 (Ethyl butylacetylaminopropionate) is a broad-spectrum, mild insect repellent based on the structure of β-alanine. Insect repellent M 3535 exerts repellent effects by interfering with the olfaction of mosquitoes, but it poses risks of developmental and cardiac toxicity to aquatic organisms such as zebrafish embryos in aquatic environments, and can activate oxidative stress responses.
    Insect repellent M 3535
  • HY-P0119A
    Lixisenatide acetate
    		Inhibitor 99.11%
    Lixisenatide acetate is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist. Lixisenatide acetate inhibits the inflammatory response through down regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and suppresses of the Akt-MEK1/2 signaling pathway. Lixisenatide acetate can inhibit oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis. Lixisenatide acetate can be used for the researches of inflammation, metabolic disease, neurological disease and cardiovascular disease, such as rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease and atherosclerosis.
    Lixisenatide acetate
  • HY-W015229R
    3-Indolepropionic acid (Standard)
    3-Indolepropionic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of 3-Indolepropionic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 3-Indolepropionic acid is shown to be a powerful antioxidant and has potential in the treatment for Alzheimer’s disease. In Vitro: 3-Indolepropionic acid is shown to be a powerful antioxidant and has potential in the treatment for Alzheimer’s disease. 3-Indolepropionic acid is a more potent scavenger of hydroxyl radicals than melatonin. Similar to melatonin but unlike other antioxidants, 3-Indolepropionic acid scavenges radicals without subsequently generating reactive and pro-oxidant intermediate compounds. It is also suggested that indolepropionic acid, a gut microbiota-produced metabolite, is a potential biomarker for the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D) that may mediate its protective effect by preservation of β-cell function.
    3-Indolepropionic acid (Standard)
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity