2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-N8698R
    Picein (Standard)
    Picein (Standard) is the analytical standard of Picein. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Picein, isolated from Picrorhiza kurroa, is a naturally occurring antioxidant.
    Picein (Standard)
  • HY-177092
    AGF347
    		Activator
    AGF347 is a potent and multi-targeted antifolate that targets serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT)2 in the mitochondria and SHMT1 in the cytosol, and inhibits de novo purine biosynthesis. AGF347 induces apoptosis, inhibits mTOR signaling, decreases GSH pools, and increases ROS. AGF347 inhibits proliferation of Cisplatin (HY-17394) sensitive and resistant epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) cells. AGF347 exhibits antitumor efficacy in SKOV3 EOC xenograft mouse models. AGF347 can be used for ovarian cancer research.
    AGF347
  • HY-180199
    GPX4-IN-21
    		Inducer
    GPX4-IN-21 (Compound 4d) is a selective glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) inhibitor. GPX4-IN-21 can induce ferroptosis and downregulate the ferroptosis-related proteins SLC7A11, SLC11A2 and GPX4 levels. GPX4-IN-21 can induce ROS and MDA accumulation GPX4-IN-21 exhibits potent anti-proliferative activity. GPX4-IN-21 can be used for the research of cancer, such as melanoma.
    GPX4-IN-21
  • HY-N19830
    Guavenoic acid
    		Inhibitor
    Guavenoic acid is a triterpenoid compound that can be isolated from fresh leaves of Psidium guajava. Guavenoic acid protects cells in cellular oxidative damage models, inhibits intracellular ROS production, and suppresses cell apoptosis. Guavenoic acid significantly enhances cellular proliferation, promotes insulin synthesis and secretion, and upregulates the messenger RNA expression of insulin gene, PDX-1 and MafA. Guavenoic acid can be used in the research of diseases such as pancreatic islet β-cell tumors.
    Guavenoic acid
  • HY-175257
    Theophylline-platinum(IV) prodrug-1
    		Inducer
    Theophylline-platinum(IV) prodrug-1 is a PARP-1 inhibitor. Theophylline-platinum(IV) prodrug-1 enhances DNA damage, ROS production, mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis and S-phase arrest, along with reducing invasion and metastasis in cells. Theophylline-platinum(IV) prodrug-1 exhibits superior antitumor activity in the xenograft SKOV3-BRCA1-KD tumor model. Theophylline-platinum(IV) prodrug-1 can be used for the study of ovarian cancer.
    Theophylline-platinum(IV) prodrug-1
  • HY-N16372
    Pronqodine A
    		Inducer
    Pronqodine A is an Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO) inhibitor, with an IC50 of 131.5 nM. Pronqodine A inhibits bradykinin-induced release of PGE2, 6-keto-prostaglandin F1α, PGD2 and induces the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in human synovial sarcoma SW982 cells. Pronqodine A is a good substrate for human quinone reductase NQO1. Pronqodine A can be used for the study of inflammation.
    Pronqodine A
  • HY-W040971R
    Creosol (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Creosol (Standard) (2-Methoxy-4-methylphenol (Standard)) is the analytical standard of Creosol (HY-W040971). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Creosol (2-Methoxy-4-methylphenol) is an endogenous metabolite that acts as an important chemical intermediate and potential biofuel mainly derived from lignocellulosic biomass. Creosol is blood brain barrier penetrable.
    Creosol (Standard)
  • HY-163077
    Anticancer agent 175
    		Inducer
    Anticancer agent 175 (complex 1) ia a near-infrared (NIR) luminescent theranostic complex. Anticancer agent 175 induces ROS accumulation, mitochondrial damage, disruption of Bax/Bcl-2 equilibrium, and tumor cell apoptosis in HepG2 cell line.
    Anticancer agent 175
  • HY-174088
    CDK4/6/BRD4-IN-2
    		Activator
    CDK4/6/BRD4-IN-2 (Compound PJ2) is a dual inhibitor of CDK4/6 and BRD4 with IC50 values for CDK4, CDK6, BRD4 (BD1), and BRD4 (BD2) of 168.75, 292.45, 23.17, and 3.12 nM respectively. CDK4/6/BRD4-IN-2 has a strong inhibitory effect on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines. CDK4/6/BRD4-IN-2 induces cell cycle arrest, senescence and apoptosis through ROS-mediated DNA damage. CDK4/6/BRD4-IN-2 can also effectively inhibit the migration and invasion of NCI-H358 cells. CDK4/6-IN-2 can be used for the study of KRAS-mutated NSCLC.
    CDK4/6/BRD4-IN-2
  • HY-178448
    EGFR-IN-178
    		Inducer
    EGFR-IN-178 is an orally active EGFR mutant inhibitor, exhibits highly selective inhibitory activity against mutants of the EGFR enzyme, including Del19 (IC50 = 3.4 nM), L858R/T790 M (IC50 = 2.9 nM), and Del19/T790 M (IC50 = 2.5 nM). EGFR-IN-178 has good activity against JAK2 (IC50 = 55.6 nM) and JAK3 (IC50 = 46.1 nM) kinases. EGFR-IN-178 can increase cellular lipid oxide MDA, meanwhile decrease GSH content, causing ferroptosis in cancer cells. EGFR-IN-178 promotes apoptosis by increasing cleaved caspase-3 expression. EGFR-IN-178 can inhibit the phosphorylation of EGFR protein and decrease the active form p-JAK2 for JAK2, induce an increase in intracellular ROS. EGFR-IN-178 can be used for the study of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
    EGFR-IN-178
  • HY-157437
    AChE/BChE-IN-16
    		Inhibitor
    AChE/BChE-IN-16 (compound C7) is a potent cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitor with IC50s of 30 nM and 48 nM for human acetylcholinesterase (hAChE) and human butyrylcholinesterase (hBChE), respectively. AChE/BChE-IN-16 exhibits a remarkable capacity to safeguard PC12 cells against H2O2-induced apoptosis and effectively suppresses the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS).
    AChE/BChE-IN-16
  • HY-179481
    Ferroptosis inducer-13
    		Activator
    Ferroptosis inducer-13 is a 5′-prenylated chalcone derivative that effectively induces ferroptosis in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells by altering the activity of the Nrf2/xCT/GPX4 pathway. Ferroptosis inducer-13 exhibits potent anti-proliferative effects in vitro, and inhibits tumour growth in a NSCLC mouse model. Ferroptosis inducer-13 can be used for NSCLC research.
    Ferroptosis inducer-13
  • HY-119831
    Rohitukine
    		Inducer
    Rohitukine is an orally active CDK9/T1 inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.3 μM. Rohitukine blocks ATP binding sites of CDK2/A and CDK9/T1, suppresses PPARγ, AKT, mTOR, C/EBPα, SREBP-2, and NF-κB signaling, and increases hepatic LXRα expression. Rohitukine induces S-phase cell cycle arrest, ROS generation, apoptosis, and exhibits anti-inflammatory activity. Rohitukine can be used for the research of leukemia, pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, breast cancer, CNS cancer, ovarian cancer, lung cancer, dyslipidemia, inflammatory diseases, inflammatory bowel disease, and arthritis.
    Rohitukine
  • HY-183303
    AChE-IN-116
    		Inhibitor
    AChE-IN-116 is a selective acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor with an electric eel AChE IC50 of 1.60 μM and Ki of 1.72 μM. AChE-IN-116 exhibits weak ability to scavenge DPPH radical. AChE-IN-116 can be used for the research of Alzheimer's disease.
    AChE-IN-116
  • HY-183780
    FGFR-IN-27
    		Activator
    FGFR-IN-27 is an orally active, broad-spectrum FGFR inhibitor, with an IC50 of 0.24 nM against human FGFR1, 0.71 nM against FGFR2, 0.87 nM against FGFR3, and 6.50 nM against FGFR4. FGFR-IN-27 inhibits cancer cell proliferation and blocks tumor growth. FGFR-IN-27 reduces the phosphorylation levels of AKT and ERK, induces apoptosis and ferroptosis, increases ROS levels, and decreases GSH levels. FGFR-IN-27 can be used in the research of hepatocellular carcinoma.
    FGFR-IN-27
  • HY-168875
    TrxR1 prodrug-1
    TrxR1 prodrug-1 (compound 5u) is a potent inhibitor of TrxR1. TrxR1 prodrug-1 exhibits significant antitumor efficiency in nude mice and NSCLC organoids.
    TrxR1 prodrug-1
  • HY-P11114
    Periplanetasin-4
    		Inhibitor
    Periplanetasin-4 is an antimicrobial peptide that can be derived from the American cockroach (Periplaneta americana). Periplanetasin-4 reduces cell rounding and apoptosis. Periplanetasin-4 blocks Clostridium difficile toxin A-induced ROS production and the activation of downstream p38 MAPK and p21. Periplanetasin-4 significantly increases mitochondrial calcium level, reduces DPH fluorescence intensity and vacuolar dysfunction in Candida albicans ATCC 90028 cells. Periplanetasin-4 significantly ameliorates toxin A-induced mucosal damage in the mouse gut. Periplanetasin-4 can be used for the study of colitis.
    Periplanetasin-4
  • HY-155137
    CHBO4
    CHBO4 is a potent, reversible, competitive, and selective hMAO-B inhibitor with an IC50 value of 0.031 μM in CHBO subseries and an Ki value of 0.010 ± 0.005 μM. CHBO4 reduce cell damage by scavenging intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). CHBO4 can be used for Parkinson's Disease (PD) research.
    CHBO4
  • HY-162131
    Antitumor agent-132
    		Inducer
    Antitumor agent-132 (Compound F9) is an antitumor agent. Antitumor agent-132 induces cell apoptosis and increases intracellular reactive oxygen species and reduces MMP.
    Antitumor agent-132
  • HY-133968R
    24-Methylenecholesterol (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    24-Methylenecholesterol (Ostreasterol) (Standard) is the analytical standard of 24-Methylenecholesterol (HY-133968). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 24-Methylenecholesterol (Ostreasterol) is a regulator targeting acyl-CoA cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) with anti-aging and neuroprotective effects. 24-Methylenecholesterol mimics the effects of nerve growth factor (NGF), can extend yeast lifespan through an anti-oxidative stress mechanism, and exhibits neuroprotective activity in PC12 cells. 24-Methylenecholesterol can reduce intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, activate anti-oxidative stress pathways (such as UTH1, SOD-related genes), and promote synaptic growth.
    24-Methylenecholesterol (Standard)
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity