2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Related Products

PDF 16.38 MB

Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-P99662
    Indusatumab vedotin
    		Inducer
    Indusatumab vedotin (MLN-0264; AKT-264) is an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) consisting of the human anti-guanylate cyclase C (GCC) antibody linked to a microtubule-disruptor Monomethyl auristatin (HY-15162). Indusatumab vedotin has anti-proliferative effects on pancreas cancer cell lines. Indusatumab vedotin arrests cell cycle at G2/M phase, and induces apoptosis.
    Indusatumab vedotin
  • HY-11105
    Pilaralisib analogue
    		Inducer 99.74%
    Pilaralisib analogue (XL147 analogue) is a representative and selective PI3Kα inhibitor extracted from patent WO2012006552A1, Compound 147 in Table 1.
    Pilaralisib analogue
  • HY-136531
    XMU-MP-3
    		Inducer
    XMU-MP-3 is a potent non-covalent BTK inhibitor with IC50s of 10.7 nM and 17.0 nM for BTK WT and BTK C481S mutation in the presence of 10 μM ATP, respectively. XMU-MP-3 also induces apoptosis.
    XMU-MP-3
  • HY-Y0892R
    4-Hydroxybenzyl alcohol (Standard)
    		Inducer
    4-Hydroxybenzyl alcohol (Standard) is the analytical standard of 4-Hydroxybenzyl alcohol. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 4-Hydroxybenzyl alcohol is a phenolic compound widely distributed in various kinds of plants. Anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-nociceptive activity. Neuroprotective effect. Inhibitor of tumor angiogenesis and growth[4].
    4-Hydroxybenzyl alcohol (Standard)
  • HY-100155
    4-IBP
    		98.90%
    4-IBP is a selective σ₁ receptor agonist with high affinity for the σ₁ receptor (Ki =1.7 nM) and moderate affinity for the σ₂ receptor (Ki = 25.2 nM). 4-IBP can make cancer cells more sensitive to the cytotoxic effects of pro-apoptotic and pro-autophagic compounds. 4-IBP significantly reduces the migration ability of a variety of cancer cells. 4-IBP is mainly used in glioblastoma, non-small cell lung cancer and prostate cancer research.
    4-IBP
  • HY-14541S
    Olanzapine-d3
    		Inducer 99.78%
    Olanzapine-d3 (LY170053-d3) is the deuterium labeled Olanzapine. Olanzapine is a selective, orally active monoaminergic antagonist with high affinity binding to serotonin H1, 5HT2A/2C, 5HT3, 5HT6 (Ki=7, 4, 11, 57, and 5 nM, respectively), dopamine D1-4 (Ki=11 to 31 nM), muscarinic M1-5 (Ki=1.9-25 nM), and adrenergic α1 receptors (Ki=19 nM). Olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic.
    Olanzapine-d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-16187
    EL-102
    		Inducer 99.44%
    EL-102 is a hypoxia-induced factor 1 (Hif1α) inhibitor. EL-102 induces apoptosis, inhibits tubulin polymerisation and shows activities against prostate cancer. EL-102 can be used for the research of cancer.
    EL-102
  • HY-N0378S3
    D-Mannitol-2-13C
    		Inducer 99.95%
    D-Mannitol-2-13C is the 13C labeled D-Mannitol (HY-N0378). D-Mannitol (Mannitol) is an oral, resistant sugar widely used in the food and pharmaceutical industries to promote the absorption and retention of calcium and magnesium through cecal fermentation, while acting as a osmotic diuretic to reduce tissue edema. D-Mannitol can enhance brown fat formation, improve insulin effect, reduce blood sugar levels, And through the start the β3-adrenergic receptor (β3-AR), PGC1α and PKA induced by means of white fat cells into brown fat cells. D-Mannitol is commonly used to maintain osmotic pressure between the plant cytoplasm and the culture medium and protect cells when the cell wall is weakened or even removed.
    D-Mannitol-2-<sup>13</sup>C
  • HY-13653S1
    (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate-d4
    		Inducer
    (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate-d4 (EGCG-d4) is the deuterium labeled (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate (HY-13653). (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) is a major polyphenol in green tea, which can inhibit cell proliferation and induce cell apoptosis. (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate inhibits glutamate dehydrogenase 1/2 (GDH1/2, GLUD1/2) activity. (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate has a potent anticancer, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties against various types of cancers such as colorectal cancer, myeloid leukemia, thyroid carcinoma.
    (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate-d<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-109194
    Udonitrectag
    		Inhibitor 98.81%
    Udonitrectag (REC 0559) is a nerve growth factor peptide mimetic and a TrkA receptor binder. Udonitrectag binds to the TrkA receptor, thereby mimicking anti-Apoptotic activity and corneal trophic activity. Udonitrectag promotes the healing of corneal epithelium and stroma. Udonitrectag is applicable to research related to neurotrophic keratitis.
    Udonitrectag
  • HY-19966
    K858 (Racemic)
    		Inducer 99.83%
    K858 Racemic is an ATP-uncompetitive inhibitor of kinesin Eg5 with an IC50 of 1.3 μM.
    K858 (Racemic)
  • HY-138782
    Thalidomide-Piperazine-PEG1-COOH
    		Inducer 99.24%
    Thalidomide-Piperazine-PEG1-COOH is a synthesized E3 ligase ligand-linker conjugate that incorporates the Thalidomide based cereblon ligand and a linker used in PROTAC technology.
    Thalidomide-Piperazine-PEG1-COOH
  • HY-138778
    Thalidomide-Propargyne-PEG1-COOH
    		Inducer 99.62%
    Thalidomide-Propargyne-PEG1-COOH is a synthesized E3 ligase ligand-linker conjugate that incorporates the Thalidomide based cereblon ligand and a linker used in PROTAC technology. Thalidomide-Propargyne-PEG1-COOH is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
    Thalidomide-Propargyne-PEG1-COOH
  • HY-117433S
    4-Hydroperoxy Cyclophosphamide-d4
    		Inducer
    4-Hydroperoxy Cyclophosphamide-d4 is the deuterium labeled 4-Hydroperoxy cyclophosphamide. 4-Hydroperoxy cyclophosphamide is the active metabolite form of the proagent Cyclophosphamide. 4-Hydroperoxy cyclophosphamide crosslinks DNA and induces T cell apoptosis independent of death receptor activation, but activates mitochondrial death pathways through production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). 4-Hydroperoxy cyclophosphamide has the potential for lymphomas and autoimmune disorders.
    4-Hydroperoxy Cyclophosphamide-d<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-132231
    FD223
    		Inducer 98.05%
    FD223 is a potent and selective phosphoinositide 3-kinase delta (PI3Kδ) inhibitor. FD223 displays high potency (IC50=1 nM) and good selectivity over other isoforms (IC50s of 51 nM, 29 nM and 37 nM, respectively for α, β and γ). FD223 exhibits efficient inhibition of the proliferation of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell lines by suppressing p-AKT Ser473 thus causing G1 phase arrest during the cell cycle. FD223 has potential for the research of leukemia such as AML.
    FD223
  • HY-P99589
    Sotevtamab
    		99.67%
    Sotevtamab (16B5) is a humanized IgG2 anti-clusterin monoclonal antibody (mAb). Sotevtamab is an inhibitor of the epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Sotevtamab can be used for cancer research.
    Sotevtamab
  • HY-130247A
    Flonoltinib TFA
    		Inducer 98.94%
    Flonoltinib TFA is a potent and orally active dual JAK2/FLT3 inhibitor with IC50 values of 0.7 nM, 4 nM, 26 nM and 39 nM for JAK2, FLT3, JAK1 and JAK3, respectively. Flonoltinib TFA has anti-cancer activity.
    Flonoltinib TFA
  • HY-101287
    MPT0B392
    		Inducer 99.63%
    MPT0B392, an orally active quinoline derivative, induces c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation, leading to apoptosis. MPT0B392 inhibits tubulin polymerization and triggers induction of the mitotic arrest, followed by mitochondrial membrane potential loss and caspases cleavage by activation of JNK and ultimately leads to apoptosis. MPT0B392 is demonstrated to be a novel microtubule-depolymerizing agent and enhances the cytotoxicity of sirolimus in sirolimus-resistant acute leukemic cells and the multidrug resistant cell line.
    MPT0B392
  • HY-123979A
    ζ-Stat trisodium
    		Inducer
    ζ-Stat trisodium (NSC37044 trisodium) is a specific and atypical PKC-ζ inhibitor, with an IC50 of 5 μM. ζ-Stat trisodium can reduce melanoma cell lines proliferation and induce apoptosis, and has antitumor activity in vitro.
    ζ-Stat trisodium
  • HY-16012
    Domatinostat tosylate
    		Activator 99.66%
    Domatinostat tosylate (4SC-202) is a selective class I HDAC inhibitor with IC50 of 1.20 μM, 1.12 μM, and 0.57 μM for HDAC1, HDAC2, and HDAC3, respectively. It also displays inhibitory activity against Lysine specific demethylase 1 (LSD1).
    Domatinostat tosylate
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity