2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-P1740
    RGD peptide (GRGDNP)
    		Inducer 99.83%
    RGD peptide (GRGDNP) is an inhibitor of integrin-ligand interactions. RGD peptide (GRGDNP) competitively inhibits α5β1 binding with extracellular matrice (ECM). RGD peptide (GRGDNP) promotes apoptosis through activation of conformation changes that enhance pro-caspase-3 activation and autoprocessing. RGD peptide (GRGDNP) plays an important role in cell adhesion, migration, growth, and differentiation.
    RGD peptide (GRGDNP)
  • HY-124617A
    AMXT-1501 tetrahydrochloride
    		Inducer 98.0%
    AMXT-1501 tetrahydrochloride is a Bacterial agent and polyamine transport system inhibitor. AMXT-1501 tetrahydrochloride targets membrane phospholipids and exhibits antibacterial activity against a variety of Gram-positive and Gram-negative multidrug-resistant bacteria. AMXT-1501 tetrahydrochloride inhibits capsular biosynthesis in Streptococcus pneumoniae. AMXT-1501 tetrahydrochloride targets ornithine decarboxylase and polyamines to inhibit the proliferation of neuroblastoma cells. AMXT-1501 tetrahydrochloride in combination with DFMO (HY-B0744) induces Apoptosis in neuroblastoma cells. AMXT-1501 tetrahydrochloride is applicable to research related to multidrug-resistant bacterial infections, pneumococcal infections, Streptococcus pneumoniae infections, and neuroblastoma.
    AMXT-1501 tetrahydrochloride
  • HY-130250
    SR-4835
    		Inducer 99.73%
    SR-4835 is a potent, highly selective and ATP competitive dual inhibitor of CDK12/CDK13 (CDK12: IC50=99 nM, Kd=98 nM; CDK13: Kd=4.9 nM). SR-4835 acts in synergy with DNA-damaging chemotherapy and PARP inhibitors and provokes triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell death.
    SR-4835
  • HY-N0273
    Brassinolide
    		Inducer 99.23%
    Brassinolide is a predominant plant growth modulator that regulate plant cell elongation.
    Brassinolide
  • HY-N0567
    Hydroxysafflor yellow A
    		Inducer 99.46%
    Hydroxysafflor yellow A (Safflomin A) is a natural product of flavonoids isolated from safflower. Hydroxysafflor yellow A can inhibit cell proliferation and promote apoptosis through the autophagy pathway. Hydroxysafflor yellow A has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antitumor effects. Hydroxysafflor yellow A can be used in the study of cardiovascular disease.
    Hydroxysafflor yellow A
  • HY-N0492
    α-Lipoic Acid
    		Inducer 99.94%
    α-Lipoic Acid (Thioctic acid) is an antioxidant, which is an essential cofactor of mitochondrial enzyme complexes. α-Lipoic Acid inhibits NF-κB-dependent HIV-1 LTR activation. α-Lipoic Acid induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated apoptosis in hepatoma cells. α-Lipoic Acid can be used with CPUL1 (HY-151802) to construct the self-assembled nanoaggregate CPUL1-LA NA, which has improved antitumor efficacy than CPUL1.
    α-Lipoic Acid
  • HY-B0261
    Meloxicam
    		Inducer 99.59%
    Meloxicam is a non-steroidal antiinflammatory agent that can pass through the blood-brain barrier, inhibits COX activity, with IC50s of 0.49 μM and 36.6 μM for COX-2 and COX-1, respectively.
    Meloxicam
  • HY-N6972
    Cepharanthine
    		Inducer 99.87%
    Cepharanthine is a natural product that can be isolated from the plant Stephania cephalantha Hayata. Cepharanthine has anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (anti-SARS-CoV-2) activities. Cepharanthine has good effective in suppressing viral proliferation (half maximal (50%) inhibitory concentration (IC50) and 90% inhibitory concentration (IC90) values of 1.90 and 4.46 μM. Cepharanthine can also effectively reverses P-gp-mediated multidrug resistance in K562 cells and increase enhances the sensitivity of anticancer agents in xenograft mice model. Cepharanthine shows inhibitory effects of human liver cytochrome P450 enzymes CYP3A4, CYP2E1 and CYP2C9. Cepharanthine has antitumor, anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects.
    Cepharanthine
  • HY-N0570
    Hydroxytyrosol
    		Inducer 99.60%
    Hydroxytyrosol (DOPET; 3,4-Dihydroxyphenethyl alcohol) is an orally active, blood-brain barrier-permeable multi-active compound with multiple effects including antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-platelet aggregation, and neuroprotective activities. Hydroxytyrosol not only inhibits the growth of Vibrio by increasing bacterial membrane permeability, but also interacts with DNA and mediates supercoiled DNA relaxation. Meanwhile, Hydroxytyrosol effectively reduces thrombosis and inhibits lipid oxidation by inhibiting COX activity and promoting vascular nitric oxide production. In terms of neuroprotection, Hydroxytyrosol significantly alleviates neuronal apoptosis and inflammatory responses by up-regulating the expression level of ERβ, thereby improving cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease models. Hydroxytyrosol has been widely used in scientific research related to Vibrio infection, arterial thrombosis, Alzheimer's disease and other related fields.
    Hydroxytyrosol
  • HY-N0052A
    Sanguinarine chloride
    		Inducer 98.93%
    Sanguinarine (Sanguinarin) chloride, a benzophenanthridine alkaloid derived from the root of Sanguinaria Canadensis, can stimulate apoptosis via activating the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Sanguinarine-induced apoptosis is associated with the activation of JNK and NF-κB.
    Sanguinarine chloride
  • HY-12600
    AZD5582
    		Inducer 99.61%
    AZD5582 is an antagonist of the inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs), which binds to the BIR3 domains cIAP1, cIAP2, and XIAP with IC50s of 15, 21, and 15 nM, respectively. AZD5582 induces apoptosis.
    AZD5582
  • HY-W017770
    S-Adenosyl-L-methionine disulfate tosylate
    		Inducer 99.50%
    S-Adenosyl-L-methionine (Ademetionine) disulfate tosylate is the disulfate tosylate form of S-Adenosyl-L-methionine (HY-B0617). S-Adenosyl-L-methionine disulfate tosylate is an orally active methyl group donor. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine disulfate tosylate is a dietary supplement with potent antidepressant effects. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine disulfate tosylate also has anti‑proliferative, pro‑apoptotic and anti‑metastatic roles in cancers. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine disulfate tosylate has the potential for, cancer, liver disease and osteoarthritis research.
    S-Adenosyl-L-methionine disulfate tosylate
  • HY-N0848
    Epibrassinolide
    		Inducer 99.91%
    Epibrassinolide (24-Epibrassinolide) is a ubiquitously occurring plant growth hormone which shows great potential to alleviate heavy metals and pesticide stress in plants. Epibrassinolide is a potential apoptotic inducer in various cancer cells without affecting the non-tumor cell growth.
    Epibrassinolide
  • HY-N0264
    Ligustrazine
    		Inducer 99.99%
    Ligustrazine (Chuanxiongzine), an alkylpyrazine isolated from Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. (Chuan Xiong), is present in french fries, bread, cooked meats, tea, cocoa, coffee, beer, spirits, peanuts, filberts, dairy products and soy products as fragrance and flavouring ingredienexhibits. Ligustrazine also has potential nootropic and anti-inflammatory activities in rats.
    Ligustrazine
  • HY-10260
    Vandetanib
    		Inducer 99.85%
    Vandetanib (D6474) is a potent, orally active, and blood-brain-barrier penetrate inhibitor of VEGFR2/KDR tyrosine kinase activity (IC50=40 nM). Vandetanib also has activity versus the tyrosine kinase activity of VEGFR3/FLT4 (IC50=110 nM) and EGFR/HER1 (IC50=500 nM).
    Vandetanib
  • HY-12214A
    NVP-2
    		Inducer 99.05%
    NVP-2 is a potent and selective ATP-competitive cyclin dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) probe, inhibits CDK9/CycT activity with an IC50 of 0.514 nM. NVP-2 displays inhibitory effcts on CDK1/CycB, CDK2/CycA and CDK16/CycY kinases with IC50 values of 0.584 μM, 0.706 μM, and 0.605 μM, respectively. NVP-2 induces cell apoptosis.
    NVP-2
  • HY-107738
    Guggulsterone
    		Inducer 99.83%
    Guggulsterone is a plant sterol derived from the gum resin of the tree Commiphora wightii. Guggulsterone inhibits the growth of a wide variety of tumor cells and induces apoptosis through down regulation of antiapoptotic gene products (IAP1, xIAP, Bfl-1/A1, Bcl-2, cFLIP and survivin), modulation of cell cycle proteins (cyclin D1 and c-Myc), activation of caspases and JNK, inhibition of Akt. Guggulsterone, a farnesoid X receptor (FXR) antagonist, with IC50s of 24.06 μM and 39.05 μM for (-)-(E)-Guggulsterone (HY-N7781) and (Z)-Guggulsterone (HY-110066), respectively.
    Guggulsterone
  • HY-B1046
    Clofazimine
    		Inducer 99.79%
    Clofazimine is an orally-active anti-mycobacterial agent with a wide range of anti-mycobacterial activity including leprosy and tuberculosis. Clofazimine exerts anti-inflammatory activities and anti-tumor activities by interfering DNA replication and inhibiting IL2 (IC50 = 1.10 ± 0.26 μM, Jurkat T) production. Clofazimine can be used in mycobacterial and cancer research.
    Clofazimine
  • HY-17439
    Salinomycin sodium salt
    		Inducer 99.81%
    Salinomycin sodium salt (Salinomycin sodium), an antibiotic potassium ionophore, is a potent inhibitor of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Salinomycin sodium salt acts on the Wnt/Fzd/LRP complex, blocks Wnt-induced LRP6 phosphorylation, and causes degradation of the LRP6 protein. Salinomycin sodium salt shows selective activity against human cancer stem cells.
    Salinomycin sodium salt
  • HY-112780
    UC2288
    		Inducer 99.82%
    UC2288 is a potent and orally active p21 attenuator (relatively selective activity for p21), which is synthesized based Sorafenib (HY-10201). UC2288 potently inhibits cancer cell growth by inducing apoptosis. UC2288 has no inhibition of VEGFR2 and Raf kinases even at 10 μM.
    UC2288
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity