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  3. Ligustrazine

Ligustrazine  (Synonyms: Chuanxiongzine; Tetramethylpyrazine)

Cat. No.: HY-N0264 Purity: 99.99%
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Ligustrazine (Chuanxiongzine), an alkylpyrazine isolated from Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. (Chuan Xiong), is present in french fries, bread, cooked meats, tea, cocoa, coffee, beer, spirits, peanuts, filberts, dairy products and soy products as fragrance and flavouring ingredienexhibits. Ligustrazine also has potential nootropic and anti-inflammatory activities in rats.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

CAS No. : 1124-11-4

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10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO
ready for reconstitution
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Customer Review

Based on 11 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Other Forms of Ligustrazine:

Top Publications Citing Use of Products

    Ligustrazine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Biochem Pharmacol. 2025 Jul 26:241:117193.  [Abstract]

    Ligustrazine (TMP, 25-100 mg/kg; i.p.; once daily for 7 days) can ameliorate liver injury in septic mice: Pathological changes in liver tissues of mice in each group, yellow arrows: hepatic cords; black arrows: hepatocytes. H&E staining results showed that in the Sham group, the liver tissues were structurally intact and morphologically normal, with no cell necrosis; in the CLP group, hepatocytes were swollen and necrotic, and hepatic cords were disorganized, accompanied by extensive inflammatory cell infiltration; compared with the CLP group, liver tissue damage in the CLP + XBJ, CLP + TMP L (25 mg/kg), CLP + TMP M (50 mg/kg), and CLP + TMP H (100 mg/kg) groups was significantly improved, hepatic cord structure was restored, and inflammatory cell infiltration was reduced, with the most significant improvement in the CLP + XBJ and CLP + TMP H groups.

    Ligustrazine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Biochem Pharmacol. 2025 Jul 26:241:117193.  [Abstract]

    Effects of Ligustrazine (TMP, 25-100 mg/kg; i.p.; once daily for 7 days) on serum levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-10 in septic mice.

    Ligustrazine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Eur J Pharmacol. 2025 Sep 17:178180.  [Abstract]

    Representative M-mode echocardiograms. Echocardiographic analysis revealed that Ligustrazine (TMP, 60 mg/kg; i.p.; once daily for 10 days) treatment significantly improved 5-FU (20 mg/kg; i.p.; once daily for 10 days)-induced cardiac dysfunction in BALB/c mice.

    Ligustrazine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Eur J Pharmacol. 2025 Sep 17:178180.  [Abstract]

    Morphological analysis showed that Ligustrazine (TMP, 60 mg/kg; i.p.; once daily for 10 days) attenuated 5-FU (20 mg/kg; i.p.; once daily for 10 days)-induced reductions in heart size, and significantly restored HW/TL ratio in BALB/c mice.

    Ligustrazine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Eur J Pharmacol. 2025 Sep 17:178180.  [Abstract]

    Representative images of cardiac tissue with HE staining. Images were taken at 40 × and 400 ×. HE staining revealed that Ligustrazine (TMP, 60 mg/kg; i.p.; once daily for 10 days) significantly ameliorated 5-FU (20 mg/kg; i.p.; once daily for 10 days)-induced cardiomyocyte disarray, inflammatory cell infiltration, and histological disruptions in BALB/c mice.

    Ligustrazine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Eur J Pharmacol. 2025 Sep 17:178180.  [Abstract]

    Representative micrographs were taken at 100 × magnification with a scale bar of 100 μm. Ligustrazine (TMP, 12.5 μM; 48 h) treatment significantly reversed the reduction in cell density induced by 5-FU (10 μM; 48 h).

    Ligustrazine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Eur J Pharmacol. 2025 Sep 17:178180.  [Abstract]

    Ligustrazine (TMP) (6.25-100 μM; 48 h) alone exhibited no cytotoxic effects on H9C2 cells. Co-treatment with TMP (12.5–50 μM; 48 h) significantly reversed the suppression of​ cell viability induced by​ 10 μM 5-FU.
    • Biological Activity

    • Purity & Documentation

    • References

    • Customer Review

    Description

    Ligustrazine (Chuanxiongzine), an alkylpyrazine isolated from Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. (Chuan Xiong)[1], is present in french fries, bread, cooked meats, tea, cocoa, coffee, beer, spirits, peanuts, filberts, dairy products and soy products as fragrance and flavouring ingredienexhibits. Ligustrazine also has potential nootropic and anti-inflammatory activities in rats[2][3].

    Cellular Effect
    Cell Line Type Value Description References
    A549 IC50
    15.22 μM
    Compound: 2
    Antiproliferative activity against human A549 cells after 72 hrs in presence of piperlongumine by MTT assay
    Antiproliferative activity against human A549 cells after 72 hrs in presence of piperlongumine by MTT assay
    [PMID: 29424539]
    A549 IC50
    36.46 μM
    Compound: TMP
    Antiproliferation activity against human A549 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 72 hrs by CCK8 assay
    Antiproliferation activity against human A549 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 72 hrs by CCK8 assay
    [PMID: 34186178]
    A549 IC50
    6.42 μM
    Compound: Lig
    Antiproliferative activity against human A549 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 48 hrs in presence of celastrol by MTT assay
    Antiproliferative activity against human A549 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 48 hrs in presence of celastrol by MTT assay
    [PMID: 37499289]
    A549 IC50
    > 20 μM
    Compound: Lig
    Antiproliferative activity against human A549 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay
    Antiproliferative activity against human A549 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay
    [PMID: 37499289]
    A549 IC50
    > 200 μM
    Compound: 1
    Antiproliferative activity against human A549 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    Antiproliferative activity against human A549 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    [PMID: 26891099]
    A549 IC50
    > 200 μM
    Compound: 1
    Inhibition of thioredoxin reductase in human A549 cells by DTNB dye based microplate spectrophotometry
    Inhibition of thioredoxin reductase in human A549 cells by DTNB dye based microplate spectrophotometry
    [PMID: 26891099]
    A549/CDDP IC50
    > 200 μM
    Compound: 1
    Antiproliferative activity against human A549/CDDP cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    Antiproliferative activity against human A549/CDDP cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    [PMID: 26891099]
    A549/CDDP IC50
    > 200 μM
    Compound: 1
    Inhibition of thioredoxin reductase in human A549/CDDP cells by DTNB dye based microplate spectrophotometry
    Inhibition of thioredoxin reductase in human A549/CDDP cells by DTNB dye based microplate spectrophotometry
    [PMID: 26891099]
    Bel-7402 IC50
    > 20 μM
    Compound: Ligustrazine
    Antiproliferative activity against human Bel7402 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    Antiproliferative activity against human Bel7402 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    [PMID: 29432947]
    EA.hy 926 EC50
    83.4 μM
    Compound: Ligustrazine, TMP
    Cytoprotective activity against H2O2-induced cytotoxicity in human EAhy926 cells pre-incubated for 24 hrs before H2O2 challenge for 12 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytoprotective activity against H2O2-induced cytotoxicity in human EAhy926 cells pre-incubated for 24 hrs before H2O2 challenge for 12 hrs by MTT assay
    10.1039/C4MD00022F
    ECV-304 EC50
    0.6 mM
    Compound: TMP, Ligustrazine
    Cytoprotective activity in H2O2-induced human ECV304 cells assessed as proliferation rate incubated for 24 hrs prior to H2O2-challenge measured after 12 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytoprotective activity in H2O2-induced human ECV304 cells assessed as proliferation rate incubated for 24 hrs prior to H2O2-challenge measured after 12 hrs by MTT assay
    10.1039/C3MD20352B
    ECV-304 EC50
    0.6 mM
    Compound: TMP, tetramethyl pyrazine
    Protection against H2O2-induced toxicity in human ECV304 cells assessed as proliferation rate pretreated for 24 hrs before H2O2 challenge measured after 12 hrs by MTT assay
    Protection against H2O2-induced toxicity in human ECV304 cells assessed as proliferation rate pretreated for 24 hrs before H2O2 challenge measured after 12 hrs by MTT assay
    [PMID: 21993151]
    ECV-304 EC50
    154.35 μM
    Compound: Lig, Ligustrazine
    Protection against hydrogen peroxide-induced cell damage in human ECV304 cells treated 30 mins before hydrogen peroxide challenge measured after 6 hrs
    Protection against hydrogen peroxide-induced cell damage in human ECV304 cells treated 30 mins before hydrogen peroxide challenge measured after 6 hrs
    [PMID: 19329327]
    ECV-304 EC50
    452 μM
    Compound: ligustrazine
    Protection of hydrogen peroxide-induced damage in ECV304 cells
    Protection of hydrogen peroxide-induced damage in ECV304 cells
    [PMID: 17383884]
    ECV-304 EC50
    549 μM
    Compound: Ligustrazine
    Protection against H2O2-induced damage in human ECV304 cells preincubated for 24 hrs followed by H2O2 addition and measured after 12 hrs by MTT assay
    Protection against H2O2-induced damage in human ECV304 cells preincubated for 24 hrs followed by H2O2 addition and measured after 12 hrs by MTT assay
    [PMID: 29432947]
    HBMEC-2 EC50
    15.18 μM
    Compound: TMP
    Neuroprotective activity against H2O2-induced cell damage in human HBMEC2 cells assessed as increase in cell viability preincubated for 24 hrs followed by H2O2 addition and measured after 4 hrs by MTT assay
    Neuroprotective activity against H2O2-induced cell damage in human HBMEC2 cells assessed as increase in cell viability preincubated for 24 hrs followed by H2O2 addition and measured after 4 hrs by MTT assay
    [PMID: 31541868]
    HCT-116 IC50
    8.17 μM
    Compound: 2
    Antiproliferative activity against human HCT116 cells after 72 hrs in presence of piperlongumine by MTT assay
    Antiproliferative activity against human HCT116 cells after 72 hrs in presence of piperlongumine by MTT assay
    [PMID: 29424539]
    HT-29 IC50
    > 20 μM
    Compound: Ligustrazine
    Antiproliferative activity against human HT-29 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    Antiproliferative activity against human HT-29 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    [PMID: 29432947]
    HUVEC EC50
    600 μM
    Compound: Ligustrazine
    Protection against H2O2-induced damage in HUVEC
    Protection against H2O2-induced damage in HUVEC
    [PMID: 29432947]
    HUVEC EC50
    788 μM
    Compound: Ligustrazine
    Protection against H2O2-induced damage in HUVEC preincubated for 0.5 hrs followed by H2O2 addition and measured after 12 hrs
    Protection against H2O2-induced damage in HUVEC preincubated for 0.5 hrs followed by H2O2 addition and measured after 12 hrs
    [PMID: 29432947]
    HeLa IC50
    > 20 μM
    Compound: Ligustrazine
    Antiproliferative activity against human HeLa cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    Antiproliferative activity against human HeLa cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    [PMID: 29432947]
    HepG2 IC50
    38.25 μM
    Compound: TMP
    Antiproliferation activity against human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 72 hrs by CCK8 assay
    Antiproliferation activity against human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 72 hrs by CCK8 assay
    [PMID: 34186178]
    HepG2 IC50
    > 20 μM
    Compound: Ligustrazine
    Antiproliferative activity against human HepG2 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    Antiproliferative activity against human HepG2 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    [PMID: 29432947]
    K562 IC50
    5.09 μM
    Compound: 2
    Antiproliferative activity against human K562 cells after 72 hrs in presence of piperlongumine by MTT assay
    Antiproliferative activity against human K562 cells after 72 hrs in presence of piperlongumine by MTT assay
    [PMID: 29424539]
    MCF7 IC50
    29.85 μM
    Compound: TMP
    Antiproliferation activity against human MCF-7 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 72 hrs by CCK8 assay
    Antiproliferation activity against human MCF-7 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 72 hrs by CCK8 assay
    [PMID: 34186178]
    MCF7 IC50
    > 20 μM
    Compound: Ligustrazine
    Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    [PMID: 29432947]
    MDA-MB-231 IC50
    20.44 μM
    Compound: TMP
    Antiproliferation activity against human MDA-MB-231 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 72 hrs by CCK8 assay
    Antiproliferation activity against human MDA-MB-231 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 72 hrs by CCK8 assay
    [PMID: 34186178]
    MDA-MB-231 IC50
    4.86 μM
    Compound: Lig
    Antiproliferative activity against human MDA-MB-231 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 48 hrs in presence of celastrol by MTT assay
    Antiproliferative activity against human MDA-MB-231 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 48 hrs in presence of celastrol by MTT assay
    [PMID: 37499289]
    MG-63 IC50
    10.3 μg/mL
    Compound: 46
    Cytotoxicity against human MG-63 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human MG-63 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay
    [PMID: 37300915]
    NCI-H1975 IC50
    5.61 μM
    Compound: Lig
    Antiproliferative activity against human NCI-H1975 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 48 hrs in presence of celastrol by MTT assay
    Antiproliferative activity against human NCI-H1975 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 48 hrs in presence of celastrol by MTT assay
    [PMID: 37499289]
    PC-12 EC50
    60 μM
    Compound: Ligustrazine
    Neuroprotection against CoCl2-induced toxicity in rat PC12 cells
    Neuroprotection against CoCl2-induced toxicity in rat PC12 cells
    [PMID: 29432947]
    PC-12 EC50
    64.46 μM
    Compound: Ligustrazine
    Neuroprotection against CoCl2-induced toxicity in rat PC12 cells preincubated for 36 hrs followed by CoCl2 addition measured after 12 hrs by MTT assay
    Neuroprotection against CoCl2-induced toxicity in rat PC12 cells preincubated for 36 hrs followed by CoCl2 addition measured after 12 hrs by MTT assay
    [PMID: 29432947]
    Platelet IC50
    265.3 μM
    Compound: Ligustrazine, TMP
    Anti-platelet activity in rabbit platelet-rich plasma assessed as inhibition of ADP-induced platelet aggregation incubated for 5 mins at 37 degC by aggregometry
    Anti-platelet activity in rabbit platelet-rich plasma assessed as inhibition of ADP-induced platelet aggregation incubated for 5 mins at 37 degC by aggregometry
    10.1039/C4MD00022F
    SAOS-2 IC50
    24.7 μg/mL
    Compound: 46
    Cytotoxicity against human SAOS-2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human SAOS-2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay
    [PMID: 37300915]
    SH-SY5Y EC50
    17.59 μM
    Compound: TMP
    Neuroprotective activity against H2O2-induced cell damage in human SH-SY5Y cells assessed as increase in cell viability preincubated for 24 hrs followed by H2O2 addition and measured after 4 hrs by MTT assay
    Neuroprotective activity against H2O2-induced cell damage in human SH-SY5Y cells assessed as increase in cell viability preincubated for 24 hrs followed by H2O2 addition and measured after 4 hrs by MTT assay
    [PMID: 31541868]
    SK-HEP1 IC50
    9.67 μM
    Compound: Lig
    Antiproliferative activity against human SK-HEP1 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 48 hrs in presence of celastrol by MTT assay
    Antiproliferative activity against human SK-HEP1 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 48 hrs in presence of celastrol by MTT assay
    [PMID: 37499289]
    U-87MG ATCC IC50
    16.15 μM
    Compound: 2
    Antiproliferative activity against human U87MG cells after 72 hrs in presence of piperlongumine by MTT assay
    Antiproliferative activity against human U87MG cells after 72 hrs in presence of piperlongumine by MTT assay
    [PMID: 29424539]
    U2OS IC50
    54.7 μg/mL
    Compound: 46
    Cytotoxicity against human U2OS cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human U2OS cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay
    [PMID: 37300915]
    In Vitro

    Ligustrazine has been extensively used in China for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases for about 40 years. Because of its effectiveness in multisystem, especially in cardiovascular. Ligustrazine also has been used in various diseases, such as coronary heart disease, diabetes, cancers, and liver injury[1].

    MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

    Clinical Trial
    Molecular Weight

    136.19

    Formula

    C8H12N2

    CAS No.
    Appearance

    Solid

    Color

    White to off-white

    SMILES

    CC1=C(C)N=C(C)C(C)=N1

    Structure Classification
    Initial Source
    Shipping

    Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

    Storage
    Powder -20°C 3 years
    4°C 2 years
    In solvent -80°C 6 months
    -20°C 1 month
    Solvent & Solubility
    In Vitro: 

    DMSO : 50 mg/mL (367.13 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

    Preparing
    Stock Solutions
    Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
    1 mM 7.3427 mL 36.7134 mL 73.4268 mL
    5 mM 1.4685 mL 7.3427 mL 14.6854 mL
    View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

    * Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
    Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

    • Molarity Calculator

    • Dilution Calculator

    Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

    Mass
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    Concentration
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    Volume
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    Molecular Weight *

    Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

    This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

    Concentration (start)

    C1

    ×
    Volume (start)

    V1

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    Concentration (final)

    C2

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    Volume (final)

    V2

    In Vivo:

    Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

    For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
    To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
    The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

    • Protocol 1

      Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    40% PEG300    5% Tween-80    45% Saline

      Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (18.36 mM); Clear solution

      This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

      Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

      Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
    • Protocol 2

      Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

      Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (18.36 mM); Clear solution

      This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

      Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

      Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.

    For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly. It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.
    The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

    • Protocol 1

      Add each solvent one by one:  0.5% CMC-Na/0.5% Tween-80 in Saline water

      Solubility: 15.92 mg/mL (116.90 mM); Suspended solution; Need ultrasonic

    In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
    Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

    Dosage

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    Animal weight
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    Dosing volume
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    Number of animals

    Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
    Please enter your animal formula composition:
    %
    DMSO +
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    %
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    %
    Saline
    Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
    The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
    Calculation results:
    Working solution concentration: mg/mL
    Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL  DMSO (Stock solution concentration: mg/mL).
    The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only. If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).
    Method for preparing in vivo working solution for animal experiments: Take μL DMSO stock solution, add μL . μL , mix evenly, next add μL Tween 80, mix evenly, then add μL Saline.
     If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.
    Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
    Purity & Documentation

    Purity: 99.99%

    References

    Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

    * Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
    Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

    Optional Solvent Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg
    DMSO 1 mM 7.3427 mL 36.7134 mL 73.4268 mL 183.5671 mL
    5 mM 1.4685 mL 7.3427 mL 14.6854 mL 36.7134 mL
    10 mM 0.7343 mL 3.6713 mL 7.3427 mL 18.3567 mL
    15 mM 0.4895 mL 2.4476 mL 4.8951 mL 12.2378 mL
    20 mM 0.3671 mL 1.8357 mL 3.6713 mL 9.1784 mL
    25 mM 0.2937 mL 1.4685 mL 2.9371 mL 7.3427 mL
    30 mM 0.2448 mL 1.2238 mL 2.4476 mL 6.1189 mL
    40 mM 0.1836 mL 0.9178 mL 1.8357 mL 4.5892 mL
    50 mM 0.1469 mL 0.7343 mL 1.4685 mL 3.6713 mL
    60 mM 0.1224 mL 0.6119 mL 1.2238 mL 3.0595 mL
    80 mM 0.0918 mL 0.4589 mL 0.9178 mL 2.2946 mL
    100 mM 0.0734 mL 0.3671 mL 0.7343 mL 1.8357 mL
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      Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

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    Product Name:
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    Cat. No.:
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