2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
  4. Endogenous Metabolite

Endogenous Metabolite

Endogenous Metabolite

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Endogenous metabolites refer to the collective set of small-molecule chemical substances present within organelles, cells, organs, biological fluids, or entire organisms; their molecular weights are typically less than 1500 Da. These endogenous metabolites—including lipids, amino acids, short peptides, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, alcohols, and organic acids—not only participate in signal transduction governing genomic function but also receive upstream signals from the environment, thereby bridging the interrelationships among genotype, environment, and phenotype. Based on their biological functions, microbial endogenous metabolites can be broadly classified into two categories: primary metabolites and secondary metabolites. Primary metabolites are the core molecules essential for supporting microbial growth and proliferation; they serve to provide energy to the microbes or act as precursors and cofactors for the synthesis of biological macromolecules. In contrast, microbial secondary metabolites are a class of low-molecular-weight products that are not strictly essential for microbial growth. Nevertheless, microbial secondary metabolites include numerous substances—such as antibiotics, anti-tumor agents, and cholesterol-lowering agents—that are of critical importance to human health[1][2][3]. Furthermore, the metabolome of a biological organism is influenced by a variety of endogenous factors, including age, sex, body composition, genetic background, and underlying pathological states. The small-molecule metabolites within an organism are diverse and highly distinct; their levels are typically subject to the synergistic regulation of a vast array of enzymes and transport proteins, undergoing processes of synthesis, transformation, degradation, and compartmentalized distribution. Metabolomics research based on endogenous metabolites has been widely applied in the fields of metabolic disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and infectious diseases, where these metabolites hold potential utility as biomarkers or therapeutic targets[1][2][3].

Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Specific Products:

Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-B1654A
    Flavin adenine dinucleotide disodium salt
    		99.72%
    Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) disodium salt is a redox cofactor, more specifically a prosthetic group of a protein, involved in several important enzymatic reactions in metabolism.
    Flavin adenine dinucleotide disodium salt
  • HY-N0623S
    L-Tryptophan-d5
    		99.94%
    L-Tryptophan-d5 is the deuterium labeled L-Tryptophan. L-Tryptophan (Tryptophan) is an essential amino acid that is the precursor of serotonin, melatonin, and vitamin B3.
    L-Tryptophan-d<sub>5</sub>
  • HY-116374
    Glycolithocholic acid
    		99.90%
    Glycolithocholic acid (Lithocholylglycine), an endogenous metabolite, is a glycine-conjugated secondary bile acid. Glycolithocholic acid can be used to diagnose ulcerative colitis (UC), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC).
    Glycolithocholic acid
  • HY-N2581
    Phytic acid sodium salt
    Phytic acid (myo-Inositol; hexakis dihydrogen phosphate; Inositol hexaphosphate) sodium salt is an orally active compound. Phytic acid sodium salt can be derived from the seeds of legumes. Phytic acid sodium salt is a [PO4]3- storage depot and precursor for other inositol phosphates and pyrophosphates. Phytic acid sodium salt attenuates Aβ oligomers and upregulates autophagy protein. Phytic acid sodium salt can be used in cardiovascular disease, metabolic disease, nervous system disease and cancer research.
    Phytic acid sodium salt
  • HY-112540B
    Acetoacetic acid sodium
    		98.0%
    Acetoacetic acid sodium is an oxidative stress inducer that affects the antioxidant enzyme system and lipoprotein metabolism. Acetoacetic acid sodium induces oxidative stress by decreasing the mRNA expression and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), increasing MDA content, and inhibiting very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) assembly by downregulating apolipoprotein ApoB100, ApoE, and low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), leading to triglyceride (TG) accumulation in hepatocytes. Acetoacetic acid sodium can be used to study metabolic diseases.
    Acetoacetic acid sodium
  • HY-W012734
    L-Pipecolic acid
    		99.95%
    L-Pipecolic acid (H-HoPro-OH) is an oral active metabolite of Lysine and can accumulate in the bodily fluids of infants with autosomal inherited diseases, such as Zellweger syndrome and neonatal adrenal insufficiency. L-Pipecolic acid can promote muscle cell health and growth by enhancing protein synthesis, and plays a role in promoting gut health. L-Pipecolic acid holds promise for research in the fields of metabolic disorders, muscle growth disorders, and intestinal diseases.
    L-Pipecolic acid
  • HY-N0568
    Madecassoside
    		99.58%
    Madecassoside is a pentacyclic triterpene isolated from Centella asiatica and has anti-inflammatory properties. Antioxidant and anti-aging effects. Madecassoside is a pentacyclic triterpene isolated from Centella asiatica. Madecassoside is orally active and has inhibitory properties against inflammation, oxidation, apoptosis and autophagy. Madecassosid inhibits activities of p38 MAPK and NF-kB, exhibits an anti-apopototic property, activates Nrf2 expression to reduce the neurotoxicity. Madecassoside can be used in endocrine diseases, cardiovascular diseases, skin diseases and other diseases.
    Madecassoside
  • HY-14769
    Folitixorin
    Folitixorin (5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate) is a cofactor and an analog of leucovorin. Folitixorin is a promising agent for modulation of 5-FU cytotoxicity in adjuvant cancer research.
    Folitixorin
  • HY-41417
    Octanoic acid
    		99.85%
    Octanoic acid (Caprylic acid) is an oily liquid with a slightly unpleasant rancid taste and used commercially in the production of esters used in perfumery and also in the manufacture of dyes. Octanoic acid is also a tremor-suppressing agent.
    Octanoic acid
  • HY-135772
    12-Ketodeoxycholic acid
    		99.81%
    12-Ketodeoxycholic acid (12-Ketolithocholic acid) is a bile acid, metabolite from kidney. 12-Ketodeoxycholic acid can be a detectable marker for evidence of kidney injury
    12-Ketodeoxycholic acid
  • HY-W011184
    6-Phosphogluconic acid trisodium
    		99.96%
    6-Phosphogluconic acid trisodium is a potent and competitive phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI) inhibitor with Kis of 48 μM for glucose 6-phosphate and 42 μM for fructose 6-phosphate. 6-Phosphogluconic acid trisodium is an endogenous metabolite.
    6-Phosphogluconic acid trisodium
  • HY-W587486
    N-Acetyltaurine
    		99.91%
    N‑acetyltaurine is an orally active endogenous sulfonate that is synthesized from taurine and acetate in the renal cortex. N‑acetyltaurine supports bacterial growth as a sole fixed nitrogen or carbon source. N‑acetyltaurine buffers acetyl moieties of mitochondrial acetyl‑CoA in skeletal muscle. N‑acetyltaurine reduces food intake and body weight in obese and lean wild‑type mice in a GFRAL‑dependent manner. N‑acetyltaurine can be used for the research of diet‑induced obesity, hyperacetatemia and diabetes.
    N-Acetyltaurine
  • HY-N0056
    Isochlorogenic acid A
    		99.53%
    Isochlorogenic acid A (3,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid) is a natural phenolic acid with anti-mutagenicity, anti-HBV, anti-HIV, anti-oxidant, anti-bacterial, and anti-inflammatoryy activities.
    Isochlorogenic acid A
  • HY-N0416
    Cucurbitacin B
    		99.81%
    Cucurbitacin B belongs to a class of highly oxidized tetracyclic triterpenoids and is oral active. Cucurbitacin B inhibits tumor cell growth, migration and invasion and cycle arrest, but induces cell apoptosis. Cucurbitacin B has potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiviral, hypoglycemic, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective activity.
    Cucurbitacin B
  • HY-N2327
    Oleamide
    		99.94%
    Oleamide is an endogenous fatty acid amide which can be synthesized de novo in the mammalian nervous system, and has been detected in human plasma.
    Oleamide
  • HY-N0181
    Ergosterol
    		99.91%
    Ergosterol is the primary sterol found in fungi, with antioxidative, anti-proliferative, and anti-inflammatory effects.
    Ergosterol
  • HY-125865
    Casein
    Casein is an orally active phosphoprotein that can be separated into various electrophoretic components, such as α2-Casein, κ-Casein, β-casein, and γ-casein. Casein has also been blended and grafted with other polymers, cross-linkers, or monomers to improve its functional properties. Casein enhances calcium absorption and reduces the extent of fissure as well as smooth-surface caries. Casein promotes proliferation of prostate cancer. Casein has various applications in the paper, leather, textile, and food industries, serving as coatings, adhesives, and packaging materials.
    Casein
  • HY-107383
    Tetrahydrobiopterin
    		99.72%
    Tetrahydrobiopterin ((Rac)-Sapropterin) is a cofactor of the aromatic amino acid hydroxylases enzymes and also acts as an essential cofactor for all nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoforms.
    Tetrahydrobiopterin
  • HY-17552
    sn-Glycero-3-phosphocholine
    		98.0%
    sn-Glycero-3-phosphocholine (Choline Alfoscerate) is a precursor in the biosynthesis of brain phospholipids and increases the bioavailability of choline in nervous tissue. sn-Glycero-3-phosphocholine (Choline Alfoscerate) has significant effects on cognitive function with a good safety profile and tolerability, and is effective in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and dementia.
    sn-Glycero-3-phosphocholine
  • HY-W015309
    Decanoic acid
    		98.0%
    Decanoic acid is a key component of the medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) found in coconut oil. Decanoic acid is a brain-penetrant and non-competitive inhibitor of AMPA receptor showing antiseizure activity in rats. Decanoic acid reduces tyrosinase activity and inhibits melanosome maturation. Decanoic acid suppresses the phosphorylation of c-Met and induced apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells by inhibiting the expression of various oncogenic proteins, which is promising for research in the field of mTORC1 signaling, HCC and epilepsy.
    Decanoic acid
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Comparison

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