2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-B0926A
    Sodium diatrizoate
    		Inducer 99.55%
    Sodium diatrizoate (Diatrizoic acid sodium salt) is an iodinated radiocontrast agent and has the potential for radiographic imaging of the airways. Sodium diatrizoate induces mitochondrial turnover and oxidative stress, and activating apoptosis by dysregulating calcium.
    Sodium diatrizoate
  • HY-117884
    (Rac)-CCT 250863
    		Inducer 99.50%
    (Rac)-CCT 250863 (compound rac-21) is a selective and reversible NEK 2 inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.073 µM. (Rac)-CCT 250863 shows good effects of inducing cell cycle arrest and also can antiproliferative in cells (Pomalidomide sensitive/resistant). (Rac)-CCT 250863 induces apoptosis when combines with Pomalidomide.
    (Rac)-CCT 250863
  • HY-101489A
    GZD856 formic
    		Inducer
    GZD856 formic is a potent and orally active PDGFRα/β inhibitor, with IC50s of 68.6 and 136.6 nM, respectively. GZD856 formic is also a Bcr-AblT315I inhibitor, with IC50s of 19.9 and 15.4 nM for native Bcr-Abl and the T315I mutant. GZD856 formic has antitumor activity. GZD856 (formic) is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
    GZD856 formic
  • HY-110280
    MC1742
    		Inducer 98.95%
    MC1742 is a potent HDAC inhibitor, with IC50s of 0.1 μM, 0.11 μM, 0.02 μM, 0.007 μM, 0.61 μM, 0.04 μM and 0.1 μM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3, HDAC6, HDAC8, HDAC10 and HDAC11, respectively. MC1742 can increase acetyl-H3 and acetyl-tubulin levels and inhibits cancer stem cells growth. MC1742 can induce growth arrest, apoptosis, and differentiation in sarcoma CSC.
    MC1742
  • HY-N11709
    Theasaponin E1
    		Inducer 98.68%
    Theasaponin E1 is an orally effective tea saponin. Theasaponin E1 inhibits the proliferation of cancer cells by activating apoptosis. Theasaponin E1 inhibits angiogenesis in ovarian cancer cells and HUVECs by reducing the expression of VEGF. Theasaponin E1 upregulates the phosphorylation level of ATM protein and the expression level of PTEN protein in cancer cells, decreases the phosphorylation levels of Akt, mTOR, p70S6K and 4E-BP1 proteins, downregulates the expression of HIF-1α and NF-κB, and reduces the protein expression of Notch ligands Dll4 and Jagged1. Theasaponin E1 exerts neuroprotective effects by inhibiting the activity of acetylcholinesterase, activating α-secretase and neprilysin, reducing the concentration of Aβ, and inhibiting the activities of β-secretase and γ-secretase. Theasaponin E1 exhibits toxic effects on cancer cells and quinone reductase-inducing activity, and inhibits tumor growth in vivo. Theasaponin E1 induces ferroptosis in Pomacea canaliculata by synergistically disrupting cholesterol homeostasis and sphingolipid metabolism. Theasaponin E1 possesses anti-biofilm activity against Candida albicans. Theasaponin E1 can be used in the research of ovarian cancer, obesity, Alzheimer's disease and fungal infections.
    Theasaponin E1
  • HY-P1387
    β-Amyloid (1-40) (rat)
    		Inducer
    β-Amyloid (1-40) (rat) is a rat form of the amyloid β-peptide, which accumulates as an insoluble extracellular deposit around neurons, giving rise to the senile plaques associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). β-Amyloid (1-40) (rat) increases 45Ca2+ influx, induces neurodegeneration in the rat hippocampal neurons of the CA1 subfield. β-Amyloid (1-40) (rat) induces apoptosis. β-Amyloid (1-40) (rat) can be used for the research of Alzheimer's disease.
    β-Amyloid (1-40) (rat)
  • HY-162616
    SelSA
    		Inducer 99.83%
    SelSA is a selective, orally active inhibitor for histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) with IC50 of 56.9 nM. SelSA inhibits the phosphorylation of ERK1/2. SelSA inhibits the proliferation of breast cancer cells and hepatocellular carcinoma cells with IC50 of 0.58-2.6 μM, inhibits cell migration and invasion of Huh7, and induces apoptosis. SelSA exhibits antitumor activity in mouse model.
    SelSA
  • HY-118563
    Farnesylthioacetic acid
    		Inducer
    Farnesylthioacetic acid is a competitive, non-substrate inhibitor of Prenylcysteine α-carboxyl methyltransferase. It acts as a non-substrate competitive inhibitor of Arabidopsis thaliana Prenylcysteine α-carboxyl methyltransferase and blocks methyltransferase activity. Farnesylthioacetic acid does not inhibit protein farnesyltransferase activity in Arabidopsis. It induces Apoptosis. Farnesylthioacetic acid regulates the subcellular localization of Ras protein, reducing the proportion of cytoplasmic Ras protein without disrupting membrane binding. It enhances ABA-induced seed dormancy, delays seed germination, and promotes maximum stomatal closure at lower exogenous ABA concentrations. Farnesylthioacetic acid can be used in studies related to promyelocytic leukemia.
    Farnesylthioacetic acid
  • HY-163299
    pan-KRAS-IN-5
    		Inducer
    pan-KRAS-IN-5 is a pan-KRAS translation inhibitor by targeting 5′-UTR RNA G-quadruplexes (rG4s). pan-KRAS-IN-5 strongly binds to and stabilizes KRAS rG4s, inhibits KRAS translation, and blocks the MAPK and PI3K-AKT pathways. pan-KRAS-IN-5 induces cell cycle arrest, prompts apoptosis in KRAS-driven cancer cells. pan-KRAS-IN-5 inhibits tumor growth and KRAS expression in KRAS-mutant xenograft. KRAS-IN-5 can be used for KRAS-driven cancer research.
    pan-KRAS-IN-5
  • HY-135953
    CDDO-3P-Im
    		Activator 98.19%
    CDDO-3P-Im is an analogue of CDDO-Imidazolide with chemopreventive effect. CDDO-3P-Im can reduce the size and the severity of the lung tumors in mouse lung cancer model. CDDO-3P-Im is a orally active necroptosis inhibitor that can be used for the research of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R).
    CDDO-3P-Im
  • HY-78131CS
    Ibuprofen-d3 sodium
    		Inducer 99.21%
    Ibuprofen-d3 ((±)-Ibuprofen-d3) sodium is the deuterium labeled Ibuprofen sodium (HY-78131C). Ibuprofen sodium is an orally active, selective COX-1 inhibitor with an IC50 value of 13 μM. Ibuprofen sodium inhibits cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and induces cell apoptosis. Ibuprofen sodium is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent and a nitric oxide (NO) donor. Ibuprofen sodium can be used in the research of pain, swelling, inflammation, infection, immunology, cancers.
    Ibuprofen-d<sub>3</sub> sodium
  • HY-B0790
    TAI-1
    		Inducer 98.60%
    TAI-1, an orally active anticancer agent, is a highly potent first-in-class Hec1 inhibitor, with a GI50 of 13.48 nM in K562 cells.
    TAI-1
  • HY-128553
    Antineoplaston A10
    		Inducer 99.84%
    Antineoplaston A10 is an antineoplaston that inhibits the growth of human hepatoma cells by inducing apoptosis. Antineoplaston A10 can be used in the study of liver cancer and breast cancer.
    Antineoplaston A10
  • HY-130716
    Thalidomide-NH-C10-COOH
    		Inducer
    Thalidomide-NH-C10-COOH (compound 6b) is a synthesized E3 ligase ligand-linker conjugate that incorporates the Thalidomide based CRBN ligand and a linker used in PROTAC technology.
    Thalidomide-NH-C10-COOH
  • HY-N0143A
    Phlorizin dihydrate
    		Inducer 99.51%
    Phlorizin (Floridzin) dihydrate is an orally active non-selective sodium-glucose cotransporter (SGLT) inhibitor, with an IC50 of 0.04 μM and a Ki of 39 nM against hSGLT2, and an IC50 of 0.17 μM and a Ki of 0.31 μM against hSGLT1. Phlorizin dihydrate promotes GLUT4 translocation, inhibits gluconeogenesis and promotes glycogen synthesis by activating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Phlorizin dihydrate reduces DNA damage and apoptosis (apoptosis) by inhibiting the NF-κB inflammatory pathway. Phlorizin dihydrate induces apoptosis via activating the Caspase pathway by antagonizing the JAK/STAT3 and PCK pathways. Phlorizin dihydrate also exhibits antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective activities.
    Phlorizin dihydrate
  • HY-156084
    LL-K9-3
    		Inducer 99.2%
    LL-K9-3 is a potent small-molecule degrader of CDK9-cyclin T1. LL-K9-3 has anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic activities and suppresses downstream signaling of CDK9 and AR. Moreover, LL-K9-3 inhibits AR and Myc-driven oncogenic transcriptional programs.
    LL-K9-3
  • HY-126619
    Aspochalasin D
    		Inducer
    Aspochalasin D is a co-metabolite originally isolated from A. microcysticus with aspochalasins A, B, and C, that is initially thought to be inactive. It has antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria at a concentration of 1 mg/ml.2 Aspochalasin D is more cytotoxic, via apoptosis, to Ba/F3-V12 cells in an IL-3-free medium than in an IL-3-containing medium (IC50s=0.49 and 1.9 μg/mL, respectively).
    Aspochalasin D
  • HY-N1403
    Tigogenin
    		Inducer 98.0%
    Tigogenin is a steroidal sapogenins. Tigogenin can inhibit adipocytic differentiation and induce osteoblastic differentiation in mouse bone marrow stromal cells. Tigogenin can inhibit cells proliferation and induce apoptosis. Tigogenin can be used for the researches of cancer, inflammation, immunology, metabolic and cardiovascular disease, such as mammary gland carcinoma, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis and atherosclerosis.
    Tigogenin
  • HY-N0117AS
    (Z)-Indirubin-d4
    		99.33%
    (Z)-Indirubin-d4 is the deuterium labeled (Z)-Indirubin.
    (Z)-Indirubin-d<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-147187
    MNK8
    		Inducer 99.76%
    MNK8 is a potent STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) inhibitor. MNK8 inhibits STAT3 activation and reduced its DNA binding ability. MNK8 shows good growth inhibition against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. MNK8 induces apoptosis in HCC cells. MNK8 reduces prosurvival proteins expression and migration/invasion of HCC cells.
    MNK8
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity