2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-122727
    STL127705
    		Inducer 98.97%
    STL127705 (Compound L) is a potent Ku 70/80 heterodimer protein inhibitor with an IC50 of 3.5 μM. STL127705 interferes the binding of Ku70/80 to DNA and by inhibits the activation of the DNA-PKCS kinase. STL127705 shows antiproliferative and anticancer activity. STL127705 induces apoptosis.
    STL127705
  • HY-D0803
    Thymoquinone
    		Inducer 99.80%
    Thymoquinone is an orally active natural product isolated from N. sativa Thymoquinone down-regulates the VEGFR2-PI3K-Akt pathway. Thymoquinone has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antiviral, anticonvulsant, antifungal, antiviral, antiangiogenic activity and hepatoprotective effects. Thymoquinone can be used to study Alzheimer's disease, cancer, cardiovascular disease, infectious disease and inflammation .
    Thymoquinone
  • HY-124476
    Cystamine
    		Inducer 99.85%
    Cystamine is the disulfide form of the free thiol, cysteamine. Cystamine is an orally active transglutaminase (Tgase) inhibitor. Cystamine also has inhibition activity for caspase-3 with an IC50 value of 23.6 μM. Cystamine can be used for the research of severals diseases including Huntington's disease (HD) .
    Cystamine
  • HY-13062A
    Daunorubicin
    		Inducer 99.94%
    Daunorubicin (Daunomycin) is a topoisomerase II inhibitor with potent anti-tumor activity. Daunorubicin inhibits DNA and RNA synthesis. Daunorubicin is a cytotoxin that inhibits cancer cell viability and induces apoptosis and necrosis. Daunorubicin is also an anthracycline antibiotic. Daunorubicin can be used in the research of infection and variety of cancers, including leukemia, non-Hodgkin lymphomas, Ewing's sarcoma, Wilms' tumor.
    Daunorubicin
  • HY-17029
    Epothilone B
    		Inducer 99.91%
    Epothilone B is a microtubule stabilizer (MSA) with a Ki of 0.71μM, and is a MSA with blood-brain barrier permeability. Epothilone B acts by binding to the αβ-tubulin heterodimer subunit which causes decreasing of αβ-tubulin dissociation.
    Epothilone B
  • HY-X0009
    Tambiciclib
    		Inducer 99.21%
    Tambiciclib (GFH009, JSH-009) is an orally active, highly potent and selective CDK9 inhibitor (IC50 = 1 nM), demonstrating >200-fold selectivity over other CDKs, >100-fold selectivity over DYRK1A/B, and excellent selectivity over 468 kinases/mutants. Tambiciclib demonstrates potent in vitro and in vivo antileukemic efficacy in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) mouse models by inhibiting RNA Pol II phosphorylation, downregulating MCL1 and MYC, and inducing apoptosis. Tambiciclib can be used for AML research.
    Tambiciclib
  • HY-N0457
    Chicoric acid
    		Inducer 99.82%
    Chicoric acid (Cichoric acid), an orally active dicaffeyltartaric acid, induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Chicoric acid inhibits cell viability and induces mitochondria-dependent apoptosis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes through ROS-mediated PI3K/Akt and MAPK signaling pathways. Chicoric acid increases glucose uptake, improves insulin resistance, and attenuates glucosamine-induced inflammation. Chicoric acid has antidiabetic properties and antioxidant, anti-inflammatory effects.
    Chicoric acid
  • HY-14614A
    S-Adenosyl-L-methionine chloride dihydrochloride
    		Inducer
    S-Adenosyl-L-methionine (S-Adenosyl methionine) chloride dihydrochloride is an orally active methyl group donor. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine chloride dihydrochloride is a dietary supplement with potent antidepressant effects. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine chloride dihydrochloride also has anti‑proliferative, pro‑apoptotic and anti‑metastatic roles in cancers. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine chloride dihydrochloride has the potential for, cancer, liver disease and osteoarthritis research.
    S-Adenosyl-L-methionine chloride dihydrochloride
  • HY-14654R
    Aspirin (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Aspirin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Aspirin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic acid) is an orally active, potent and irreversible inhibitor of cyclooxygenase COX-1 and COX-2, with IC50 values of 5 and 210 μg/mL, respectively. Aspirin induces apoptosis. Aspirin inhibits the activation of NF-κB. Aspirin also inhibits platelet prostaglandin synthetase, and can prevent coronary artery and cerebrovascular thrombosis.
    Aspirin (Standard)
  • HY-125771
    1-Stearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
    		Inducer 99.53%
    1-Stearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is a lysophosphatidylcholine that inhibits HDAC3 activity and phosphorylation of STAT3 in K562 cells. 1-Stearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine induces apoptosis and exhibits anticancer activity in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) K562 cells.
    1-Stearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
  • HY-103019
    Enitociclib
    		Inducer 99.89%
    Enitociclib ((+)-BAY-1251152; (+)-VIP152) is a selective CDK9 inhibitor (IC50=3 nM) that inhibits transcriptional elongation by blocking Ser2/Ser5 phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II. Enitociclib specifically depletes key short-lived proteins such as c-MYC, MCL-1 and induces tumor cell apoptosis. Enitociclib also interferes with the production of enhancer RNAs (eRNA) and enhancer-promoter interactions, and downregulates oncogene expression at the epigenetic level. Enitociclib exerts synergistic effects with agents including Bortezomib (HY-10227), Lenalidomide (HY-A0003), Pomalidomide (HY-10984), Venetoclax (HY-15531) and Paclitaxel (HY-B0015), and even reverses paclitaxel resistance. Enitociclib serves as a vital research tool for various malignancies such as double-hit diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, multiple myeloma and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
    Enitociclib
  • HY-18314
    GW 441756
    		Activator 99.85%
    GW 441756 is a potent and specific nerve growth factor (NGF) receptor tyrosine kinases A (TrkA) inhibitor (IC50=2 nM), which eliminates the BmK NSPK-induced neurite outgrowth.
    GW 441756
  • HY-50940
    AT7519
    		Inducer 99.69%
    AT7519 (AT7519M) as a potent inhibitor of CDKs, with IC50s of 210, 47, 100, 13, 170, and <10 nM for CDK1, CDK2, CDK4 to CDK6, and CDK9, respectively.
    AT7519
  • HY-10542
    GW 5074
    		Inducer 99.54%
    GW 5074 is a potent and selective c-Raf inhibitor with IC50 of 9 nM, and has no effect on the activities of JNK1/2/3, MEK1, MKK6/7, CDK1/2, c-Src, p38 MAP, VEGFR2 or c-Fms.
    GW 5074
  • HY-N0058
    4,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid
    		Modulator 99.65%
    4,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid (Isochlorogenic acid C) is an antioxidant, can be isolated from Gynura divaricata and Laggera alata. 4,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid reduces islet cell apoptosis and improves pancreatic function in type 2 diabetic mice, and has obvious inhibitory activities against yeast α-glucosidase. 4,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid inhibits prostate cancer cells through cell cycle arrest. 4,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid also has anti-apoptotic, anti-injury and anti-hepatitis B virus effects.
    4,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid
  • HY-B1029
    Danazol
    		Inducer 99.70%
    Danazol inhibits the proliferation of cancer cell MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 with IC50 of 65 µg/mL and 31 µg/mL. Danazol arrests the cell cycle at G1 phase, induces apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 through PKCα signaling pathway.
    Danazol
  • HY-B1121
    Flunisolide
    		Inducer 99.87%
    Flunisolide is a corticosteroid, which is an orally active glucocorticoid receptor activator with anti-inflammatory activity. Flunisolide can induce eosinophil apoptosis, and is used for the research of asthma or rhinitis, and inflammation.
    Flunisolide
  • HY-B1218
    Sulfaphenazole
    		Inhibitor 99.85%
    Sulfaphenazole is a selective inhibitor of human cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C9 enzyme. Sulfaphenazole is a cytoprotective agent against light-induced death of photoreceptors. Sulfaphenazole inhibits light-induced necrosis and mitochondrial stress-initiated apoptosis. Sulfaphenazole is an off patent sulfonamide antibiotic and demonstrates bactericidal activity through enhanced M1 macrophage activity. Sulfaphenazole can significantly reduce infarct size and restore post-ischemic coronary flow following ischemia and reperfusion.
    Sulfaphenazole
  • HY-13735A
    Quinacrine dihydrochloride
    		Inducer 99.38%
    Quinacrine (Mepacrine) dihydrochloride is an orally bioavailable antimalarial agent, which possess anticancer effect both in vitro and vivo. Quinacrine dihydrochloride suppresses NF-κB and activate p53 signaling, which results in the induction of the apoptosis.
    Quinacrine dihydrochloride
  • HY-N0300
    Tetrahydropalmatine
    		Inducer 99.93%
    Tetrahydropalmatine possesses analgesic effects. Tetrahydropalmatine acts through inhibition of amygdaloid release of dopamine to inhibit an epileptic attack in rats.
    Tetrahydropalmatine
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity